Location

Longtan Cemetery of Martyrs (龙潭烈士陵园, Lóngtán Lièshì Língyuán) is situated on Longtan Yinhong Mountain (龙潭饮虹山, Lóngtán Yìnhóng Shān) in the western suburbs of Huize County (会泽县, Huìzé Xiàn), Qujing City (曲靖市, Qūjìng), Yunnan Province (云南省, Yúnnán Shěng).

Historical Events

Huize County is a region with a strong revolutionary tradition. The underground organization of the Chinese Communist Party (中国共产党, Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng) was established as early as 1927, leading the people of Huize in their revolutionary efforts. Among the early leaders of the underground party were martyrs Jiang Kaibang (蒋开榜, Jiǎng Kāibǎng) and Liu Wenming (刘文明, Liú Wénmíng).

On April 30, 1935, the Chinese Workers’ and Peasants’ Red Army (中国工农红军, Zhōngguó Gōngnóng Hóngjūn) entered Huize County, and on May 2, the Red Ninth Corps (红九军团, Hóng Jiǔ Jūntuán) captured the county seat. On May 3, a mobilization meeting for expanding the Red Army was held in Shuicheng (水城, Shuǐchéng), where over a thousand outstanding youths from Huize eagerly enlisted in the Red Army, making it the county with the highest recruitment during the Long March (长征, Chángzhēng).

In July and December 1948, the underground party organized armed uprisings against the Kuomintang, led by Jin Shaoqing (金绍清, Jīn Shàoqīng) and Zu Wanzhong (祖万忠, Zǔ Wànzhōng) at locations such as Huohongqiao (火红桥, Huǒhóngqiáo) and Malu Jianshan (马路尖山, Mǎlù Jiānshān). On January 30, 1949, the “Yunnan People’s Self-Rescue Army” (云南人民讨蒋自救军, Yúnnán Rénmín Tǎo Jiǎng Zìjiù Jūn) was established.

On December 4, 1949, the Huize County government was officially liberated, and on May 18, 1950, the Huize County People’s Government was formally established. The local people demonstrated their fearless revolutionary spirit during various battles, including the siege at Huohong Shaochongjiao (火红勺冲角, Huǒhóng Sháo Chōngjiǎo) and the conflict at Yicheng Zhongzhai (迤车中寨, Yǐchē Zhōngzhài).

In August 1999, the provincial government recognized Huize County as a revolutionary old area. Countless revolutionaries sacrificed their lives for the liberation of the people and the defense of the country. According to incomplete statistics, 322 revolutionary martyrs, both from outside the region and native to Huize, are honored here. Their sacrifices are monumental, and they are remembered for their bravery, whether in battle or in protecting the nation’s assets.

How to Get There

• By Car: From Qujing City, drive towards Huize County. Follow local signs to reach Longtan Cemetery.
• By Public Transport: Buses run from Qujing to Huize, and local taxis can take you to the cemetery.

Travel Tips

1. Visiting Hours: Confirm the opening hours before your visit, as they may vary.
2. Respectful Conduct: As this is a site of remembrance, visitors should maintain a respectful demeanor.
3. Photography: Taking photos is generally allowed, but be mindful of other visitors.
4. Learn the History: Familiarize yourself with the stories of the martyrs to enrich your visit.
5. Bring Supplies: Consider bringing water and snacks, as amenities may be limited.
6. Dress Comfortably: Wear appropriate clothing and shoes for walking.

Overview

Shuicheng Kuohong Cultural and Ecological Park (水城扩红文化生态园, Shuǐchéng Kuòhóng Wénhuà Shēngtài Yuán) is located in Shuicheng Village (水城村, Shuǐchéng Cūn), 2 kilometers northwest of Huize County (会泽县, Huìzé Xiàn) in Qujing City (曲靖市, Qūjìng). This site holds significant historical importance as a key location of the Kuohong Movement (扩红, Kuòhóng) and has been developed as a tourist attraction according to the standards of a national AAAA-level scenic area. It serves as a base for youth revolutionary patriotic education and national defense education, being one of the seven listed sites in Yunnan Province recognized as part of the “National Hundred Classic Red Tourism Scenic Areas.”

Historical Significance

From May 1 to 4, 1935, the First Front Army’s Ninth Corps of the Chinese Workers’ and Peasants’ Red Army (中国工农红军第一方面军第九军团, Zhōngguó Gōngnóng Hóngjūn Dì Yī Fāngmiàn Jūntuán) passed through Huize. Led by Corps Commander Luo Binghui (罗炳辉), Political Commissioner He Changgong (何长工), and Political Department Director Huang Huoqing (黄火青), the corps carried out actions to eliminate local tyrants and offer relief to the people, while simultaneously spreading the principles of revolution.

During this time, the people of Huize actively participated in the revolution, with over 1,300 soldiers joining the Ninth Corps within just two days, marking the largest recruitment during the Long March (长征, Chángzhēng). The locals also helped gather military supplies, raising nearly 100,000 silver dollars and providing numerous mules for the troops. Huize became historically significant for its contributions to the Red Army during the Long March, making it a highlight of the revolutionary culture in the Wumeng Mountains (乌蒙山, Wūméng Shān).

Features of the Park

Shuicheng Kuohong Cultural and Ecological Park comprises several attractions, including:

• Kuohong Platform (扩红台, Kuòhóng Tái): A memorial site commemorating the Kuohong movement.
• “Wumeng Bangbo” Sculpture Group (乌蒙磅礴群雕, Wūméng Pángbó Qúndiāo): A large sculpture group that reflects the spirit of the Kuohong movement and the close relationship between the military and the people. The sculpture occupies an area of 2,637 square meters, measuring 18 meters long, 6 meters wide, and 11.7 meters high, weighing 550 tons.
• Huize Revolutionary History Memorial Hall (会泽革命历史纪念馆, Huìzé Gémìng Lìshǐ Jìniànguǎn): This hall features 12 red relief sculptures on its outer walls, depicting key historical events such as the Ninth Corps’ conquests and the close ties between the military and civilians. The exhibition hall showcases the revolutionary history of the Communist Party of China (中国共产党, Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng) in Huize.
• Ancient Tombs and Ancient Pear Orchard (古墓群和古梨树园, Gǔmù Qún hé Gǔ Lìshù Yuán): The park explores the use of red resources alongside ancient relics and ecology, enriching the red landmark and enhancing its appeal as a tourist destination.

The park was established to commemorate the significant events that transpired during the Long March, as the Red Army left a lasting legacy of revolutionary spirit and hope for future generations.

How to Get There

• By Car: From Qujing City, drive northwest towards Huize County. Follow local signs to Shuicheng Village, where the park is located.
• By Public Transport: Take a bus from Qujing to Huize County and then utilize local transportation or taxis to reach Shuicheng Village.

Travel Tips

1. Visiting Hours: Check the park’s opening hours before your visit, as they may vary by season.
2. Respectful Conduct: Be mindful of the historical significance of the site and behave respectfully.
3. Photography: While photography is allowed, please be considerate of other visitors and any restrictions.
4. Learn the History: Familiarize yourself with the historical context to enrich your experience.
5. Amenities: Bring snacks and water, as facilities may be limited within the park.
6. Weather Preparedness: Check the weather forecast and dress accordingly, as some areas may lack shelter.

Shuicheng Kuohong Cultural and Ecological Park serves not only as a tribute to the revolutionary struggles but also as a vital educational site that reminds us to inherit and promote the spirit of the Long March in our pursuit of progress.

Overview

The Jianshan Armed Insurrection Site (尖山武装起义遗址, Jiānshān Wǔzhuāng Qǐyì Yízhǐ) is a cultural tourism destination and a classic site for red tourism in Yunnan Province (云南省, Yúnnán Shěng). It is located in the northwest corner of the Xinfangzi Village (新房子自然村, Xīnfángzi Zìráncūn) in Malu Township (马路乡, Mǎlù Xiāng), Huize County (会泽县, Huìzé Xiàn), Qujing City (曲靖市, Qūjìng).

Historical Background

In early 1948, the Huize branch of the Chinese Communist Party (中国共产党, Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng) sent underground party member Zhao Shouxian (赵绶先) to Jianshan to initiate activities. In February, following directives from the Provincial Work Committee, the special branch of the Huize County Party Committee was established, and additional party members were dispatched to strengthen leadership over armed struggles in Huize. In March, the party organization sent underground members, including Fei Yue (费跃), to Jianshan to organize armed efforts. This site served as one of the secret gathering places for underground party activities and planning armed insurrections.

On July 8, 1948, following extensive work by the Huize underground party, a force of over 150 individuals, led by Jin Shaoqing (金绍清), launched an armed insurrection against the Kuomintang (国民党, Guómín Dǎng) near the Huize Huohong Bridge (火红桥, Huǒhóng Qiáo). To support this uprising, Fei Yue organized approximately 150 men, including Zu Wanzhong (祖万忠) and Zu Weixin (祖维新), with 30 firearms to attack a local landlord’s residence and ambush a battalion of the security regiment traveling from Zhaotong (昭通, Zhāotōng) to Huize.

On December 2 of the same year (lunar calendar, the second day of winter), with approval from higher authorities, party member Li Changyan (李长彦) organized a second armed uprising at Jianshan, involving about 300 participants and 60 firearms. The insurrection force was structured into one battalion, with Zu Wanzhong as the commander and Fei Yajian (费亚坚) as the deputy commander. Li Changyan served as the political representative, overseeing three squads.

The uprising troops advanced from Leyecaozi (乐业槽子), Sandao Ditch (三道沟), and Yulu Dushi (雨碌渡) to attack reactionary forces in Wude (务德). They faced armed assaults from the local landlord, Xiao An Si (小安四), leading to a decision to retreat to Huize. On the way back, Zu Wanzhong’s group was ambushed by local armed forces at Jiangzishu (江子树), resulting in his injury and capture along with 24 others. Zu Wanzhong heroically sacrificed his life on January 30, 1949, in Huize.

Site Description

The site comprises a fortified structure that originally had five levels, although three levels have been destroyed. The remaining two levels include the walls, floors, and lookout openings, with clear machine-gun firing ports still visible.

How to Get There

• By Car: Drive from Qujing City to Huize County and follow local signs to Jianshan Village. There is parking available at the site.
• By Public Transport: Take a bus from Qujing to Huize County and then use local transportation to reach Jianshan Village.

Travel Tips

1. Visiting Hours: Check the visiting hours before your trip as they may vary.
2. Respectful Behavior: Maintain a respectful demeanor while visiting this historical site.
3. Photography: Photography is allowed; however, be considerate of other visitors and any guidelines posted at the site.
4. Historical Context: Familiarize yourself with the historical significance of the site to enhance your visit.
5. Amenities: Bring water and snacks, as nearby facilities might be limited.
6. Plan for Weather: Check the weather forecast and dress appropriately, as some areas may have limited shelter.

The Jianshan Armed Insurrection Site serves as an important monument honoring the sacrifices made during the revolutionary struggles and provides insights into the historical context of the region.

Overview

The Xize Base Monument (西泽革命根据地纪念塔, Xīzé Gémìng Gēnjùdì Jìniàntǎ) commemorates the revolutionary history of the Chinese Communist Party (中国共产党, Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng) in the northeastern Yunnan region. It was officially inaugurated in Xize Township (西泽乡, Xīzé Xiāng), Xuanwei City (宣威市, Xuānwēi Shì), Qujing (曲靖, Qūjìng), Yunnan Province (云南省, Yúnnán Shěng).

Inauguration Ceremony

The ceremony for the completion of the Xize Base Monument took place with significant attendance, including prominent leaders such as Zhao Jianhua (赵建华), Chairman of the Qujing City Political Consultative Conference; Jiang Qingbo (江庆波), Standing Committee Member of the Qujing City Party Committee and Minister of Propaganda; Zhu Xingyou (朱兴友), Secretary of the Xuanwei City Party Committee; Li Yunzong (李云忠), Minister of Organization; Fu Facong (付发聪), former Deputy Secretary of the Xuanwei County Party Committee; and Yin Xianguang (尹祥光), former Commissioner of the Qujing Administrative Office.

During the ceremony, Fu Facong and Li Yunzong unveiled the monument, while Jiang Qingbo read a decision from the Qujing City Party Committee and the Qujing City Government, naming the monument a Patriotic Education Base for Qujing City.

Historical Background

In December 1948, the Yunnan Provincial Work Committee of the Communist Party of China established the Yunnan Northern Prefectural Committee and simultaneously formed the main force directly under the Northeastern Yunnan Prefectural Committee—the Yunnan People’s Self-Rescue Army Against Jiang (云南人民讨蒋自救军, Yúnnán Rénmín Tǎo Jiǎng Zìjiù Jūn)—named after revolutionary martyrs Jiang Yongzun (蒋永尊) and Fu Fakuan (付发锟). This force, known as the Yongkun Brigade (永锟支队), was responsible for leading the revolutionary armed struggle in the northeastern Yunnan region.

Given Xuanwei’s long-standing history of revolutionary struggle and a solid foundation for the Party’s work, along with the strategic geographical advantages of Xize—high mountains, deep valleys, dense forests, and challenging terrain with only a narrow path leading to the county town—the Northeastern Yunnan Prefectural Committee decided to establish Xize as a revolutionary base.

Purpose of the Monument

The monument aims to honor the revolutionary martyrs, commemorate their sacrifices, inspire current and future generations, and promote cultural heritage while upholding the revolutionary traditions. Initiated by the Qujing City Old Comrades Association (曲靖市原滇东北地区老同志联合会), the monument’s construction was diligently organized by the Qujing and Xuanwei city governments. Groundbreaking occurred on August 5, 2007, and after four months of intensive work, the main structure was completed by December 15, 2007. The monument stands as a testament to history and serves as a reminder to uphold the fine revolutionary traditions while striving to create a better future.

How to Get There

• By Car: Drive from Qujing City to Xuanwei City and follow local signage to Xize Township. There is parking available at the monument site.
• By Public Transport: Take a bus from Qujing to Xuanwei and then use local transportation options to reach Xize Township.

Travel Tips

1. Visiting Hours: Confirm visiting hours before your trip as they may vary.
2. Respectful Behavior: Be respectful while visiting this historical site, especially during ceremonies or events.
3. Photography: Photography is allowed, but be considerate of other visitors and any posted guidelines.
4. Cultural Understanding: Take time to learn about the historical significance of the monument and the revolutionary activities in the area.
5. Amenities: Bring water and snacks, as nearby facilities may be limited.
6. Plan Your Visit: Visiting during weekdays may provide a quieter experience compared to weekends.

Overview

The Xize Base Monument (西泽革命根据地纪念塔, Xīzé Gémìng Gēnjùdì Jìniàntǎ) commemorates the revolutionary history of the Chinese Communist Party (中国共产党, Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng) in the northeastern Yunnan region. It was officially inaugurated in Xize Township (西泽乡, Xīzé Xiāng), Xuanwei City (宣威市, Xuānwēi Shì), Qujing (曲靖, Qūjìng), Yunnan Province (云南省, Yúnnán Shěng).

Inauguration Ceremony

The ceremony for the completion of the Xize Base Monument took place with significant attendance, including prominent leaders such as Zhao Jianhua (赵建华), Chairman of the Qujing City Political Consultative Conference; Jiang Qingbo (江庆波), Standing Committee Member of the Qujing City Party Committee and Minister of Propaganda; Zhu Xingyou (朱兴友), Secretary of the Xuanwei City Party Committee; Li Yunzong (李云忠), Minister of Organization; Fu Facong (付发聪), former Deputy Secretary of the Xuanwei County Party Committee; and Yin Xianguang (尹祥光), former Commissioner of the Qujing Administrative Office.

During the ceremony, Fu Facong and Li Yunzong unveiled the monument, while Jiang Qingbo read a decision from the Qujing City Party Committee and the Qujing City Government, naming the monument a Patriotic Education Base for Qujing City.

Historical Background

In December 1948, the Yunnan Provincial Work Committee of the Communist Party of China established the Yunnan Northern Prefectural Committee and simultaneously formed the main force directly under the Northeastern Yunnan Prefectural Committee—the Yunnan People’s Self-Rescue Army Against Jiang (云南人民讨蒋自救军, Yúnnán Rénmín Tǎo Jiǎng Zìjiù Jūn)—named after revolutionary martyrs Jiang Yongzun (蒋永尊) and Fu Fakuan (付发锟). This force, known as the Yongkun Brigade (永锟支队), was responsible for leading the revolutionary armed struggle in the northeastern Yunnan region.

Given Xuanwei’s long-standing history of revolutionary struggle and a solid foundation for the Party’s work, along with the strategic geographical advantages of Xize—high mountains, deep valleys, dense forests, and challenging terrain with only a narrow path leading to the county town—the Northeastern Yunnan Prefectural Committee decided to establish Xize as a revolutionary base.

Purpose of the Monument

The monument aims to honor the revolutionary martyrs, commemorate their sacrifices, inspire current and future generations, and promote cultural heritage while upholding the revolutionary traditions. Initiated by the Qujing City Old Comrades Association (曲靖市原滇东北地区老同志联合会), the monument’s construction was diligently organized by the Qujing and Xuanwei city governments. Groundbreaking occurred on August 5, 2007, and after four months of intensive work, the main structure was completed by December 15, 2007. The monument stands as a testament to history and serves as a reminder to uphold the fine revolutionary traditions while striving to create a better future.

How to Get There

• By Car: Drive from Qujing City to Xuanwei City and follow local signage to Xize Township. There is parking available at the monument site.
• By Public Transport: Take a bus from Qujing to Xuanwei and then use local transportation options to reach Xize Township.

Travel Tips

1. Visiting Hours: Confirm visiting hours before your trip as they may vary.
2. Respectful Behavior: Be respectful while visiting this historical site, especially during ceremonies or events.
3. Photography: Photography is allowed, but be considerate of other visitors and any posted guidelines.
4. Cultural Understanding: Take time to learn about the historical significance of the monument and the revolutionary activities in the area.
5. Amenities: Bring water and snacks, as nearby facilities may be limited.
6. Plan Your Visit: Visiting during weekdays may provide a quieter experience compared to weekends.

Overview

The Tianba Martyrs Cemetery of the Red Army (田坝红军烈士墓, Tiánbà Hóngjūn Lièshì Mù) commemorates the sacrifices of Red Army martyrs during significant battles in 1936. This site is located in the center of Huaguoshan Park (花果山公园, Huāguǒshān Gōngyuán) within Xuanwei City (宣威市, Xuānwēi Shì), Qujing (曲靖, Qūjìng), Yunnan Province (云南省, Yúnnán Shěng).

Historical Background

On March 23, 1936, the Second and Sixth Red Army Corps (红二、六军团, Hóng Èr, Liù Jūntuán) engaged in fierce battles against the Nationalist forces (国民党军队, Guómíndǎng Jūnduì) at Hutuoshan (虎头山, Hǔtóu Shān) north of Xuanwei City. After several days of intense fighting, they significantly weakened the enemy and, on March 25, retreated to the Tianba area (田坝, Tiánbà).

During their two-day rest in Tianba, the Red Army led the local population in anti-landlord activities, redistributing wealth and promoting revolutionary ideals through slogans, notices, speeches, and cultural performances. They built a deep bond with the local community.

Tragically, two officers who were severely injured during the battle at Hutuoshan succumbed to their wounds in Wanzi Village (弯子村, Wānzǐ Cūn). After the main Red Army forces departed, two wounded soldiers left behind in Longde Village (龙德村, Lóngdé Cūn) were killed by pursuing troops from the Yunnan Army (滇军, Diān Jūn).

Following the martyrdom of these four soldiers, local residents buried their bodies at the site. After the liberation, the local government erected a monument in honor of the martyrs.

With the establishment of Tianba Coal Mine (田坝煤矿, Tiánbà Méikuàng), the coal mine’s Party Committee decided to integrate the Red Army martyrs’ cemetery into its development plan to instill the spirit of the Red Army in employees and future generations. Construction began in the first half of 1979, and the cemetery was completed in time for National Day celebrations that year.

Cemetery Features

The martyrs’ tomb stands prominently in Huaguoshan Park, featuring a 5.5-meter-high stele (碑, Bēi) made of yellow tiles inlaid with marble. The front of the stele bears the inscription “Red Army Martyrs’ Monument” (红军烈士碑, Hóngjūn Lièshì Bēi), while the back reads “The Red Army Martyrs Live Forever” (红军烈士永垂不朽, Hóngjūn Lièshì Yǒngchuí Bùxiǔ) in large golden characters.

The base of the monument is hollow and rectangular, adorned on all sides with marble panels inscribed with narratives about the martyrs. Inside the base, urns containing the remains of the four martyrs are housed. Additionally, a Red Army memorial pavilion (红军纪念亭, Hóngjūn Jìniàntíng) was constructed on the hill behind the cemetery, attracting numerous visitors who come to pay their respects.

How to Get There

• By Car: Drive from Qujing City to Xuanwei City, and follow the signs to Huaguoshan Park. There is parking available nearby.
• By Public Transport: Take a bus from Qujing to Xuanwei, then use local transport options to reach Huaguoshan Park.

Travel Tips

1. Visiting Hours: Check local schedules as visiting hours may vary.
2. Respectful Behavior: Maintain a respectful demeanor while visiting this solemn site.
3. Photography: While photography is allowed, be mindful of the surroundings and any signs regarding restrictions.
4. Local Culture: Take the time to learn about the history of the Red Army and its significance in the region.
5. Amenities: Bring water and snacks, as facilities may be limited in the area.
6. Plan Ahead: Consider visiting early in the day to avoid crowds and have a more reflective experience.

Overview

The Former Residence of General Zhou Jianping (周建屏将军故居, Zhōu Jiànpíng Jiāngjū) is a significant cultural and tourism site located at No. 23, Xiajie Village (下街村, Xiàjiē Cūn), Tangtang Town (倘塘镇, Tángtáng Zhèn), Xuanwei City (宣威市, Xuānwēi Shì), Yunnan Province (云南省, Yúnnán Shěng). Currently, it is inhabited by Zhou Jianping’s grandnephews, Zhou Shunan (周树南, Zhōu Shùnán), Zhou Caiming (周才明, Zhōu Cái Míng), and Zhou Hongwei (周宏卫, Zhōu Hóngwèi).

Historical Background

Zhou Jianping (周建屏, Zhōu Jiànpíng), born as Zongyao (宗尧, Zōngyáo) on August 26, 1892, in Tangtang Village, is recognized as one of the founders of the revolutionary base in northeastern Jiangxi (赣东北, Gàn Dōngběi). He joined the Yunnan Army (滇军, Diān Jūn) early in his career and participated in significant historical events such as the Xinhai Revolution (辛亥革命, Xīnhài Gémìng), the anti-Yuan Movement (倒袁护国起义, Dǎo Yuán Hùguó Qǐyì), and the Northern Expedition (北伐战争, Běifá Zhànzhēng). In 1927, he was introduced to the Communist Party of China (中国共产党, Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng) by Zhu De (朱德, Zhū Dé) and took part in the August 1 Nanchang Uprising (八·一南昌起义, Bā Yī Nánchāng Qǐyì).

In October 1929, he was appointed as the commander of the Independent First Regiment of the Jiangxi Red Army (江西红军独立第一团, Jiāngxī Hóngjūn Dúlì Dìyī Tuán) and played a crucial role in establishing the revolutionary base in northeastern Jiangxi alongside Fang Zhimin (方志敏, Fāng Zhìmǐn). Zhou Jianping also held various significant positions in the Soviet government and military during the 1930s, including serving as the commander of several Red Army divisions and participating in major battles against Japanese forces.

Zhou Jianping passed away on June 13, 1938, due to complications from a previous injury.

Recognition

On October 22, 2002, the Former Residence of General Zhou Jianping was designated as one of the first city-level patriotic education bases (爱国主义教育基地, Àiguózhǔyì Jiàoyù Jīdì) in Qujing City. In April 2013, it was recognized as a second batch cultural relic protection unit (文物保护单位, Wénwù Bǎohù Dānwèi) by the Xuanwei City People’s Government (宣威市人民政府, Xuānwēi Shì Rénmín Zhèngfǔ).

Location and Demographics

Tangtang Town is located in the northern part of Xuanwei City, covering an area of 382.58 square kilometers. It borders Lefeng Township (乐丰乡, Lèfēng Xiāng) to the east, Laibin Street (来宾街道, Láibīn Jiēdào) to the south, Longtan Town (龙潭镇, Lóngtán Zhèn) and Delu Township (得禄乡, Délù Xiāng) to the west, and Yangliu Town (杨柳镇, Yángliǔ Zhèn) and Weining County (威宁县, Wēiníng Xiàn) in Guizhou Province (贵州省, Guìzhōu Shěng) to the north. The town administers 18 administrative villages, including Tangtang (倘塘, Tángtáng), Yimujia (宜木戛, Yímùjiá), and Xinle (新乐, Xīnlè). The town government is located in Tangtang Village, approximately 43 kilometers from the city center.

This area is home to multiple ethnic groups, including Han (汉, Hàn), Hui (回, Huí), Yi (彝, Yí), Miao (苗, Miáo), and Zhuang (壮, Zhuàng), and is historically significant as the birthplace of General Zhou Jianping.

Architectural Details

The Former Residence of Zhou Jianping is situated 20 meters west of the Xiajie Village Committee (下街村委会, Xiàjiē Cūnwén Huì). The existing structure is a one-story earthen building.

How to Get There

• By Car: Drive from Qujing City to Xuanwei City, then follow signs to Tangtang Town and Xiajie Village. Parking is available nearby.
• By Public Transport: Take a bus from Qujing to Xuanwei, and then use local transportation to reach Tangtang Town.

Travel Tips

1. Visiting Hours: Check local schedules for any changes in visiting hours.
2. Respectful Behavior: Be respectful when visiting historical sites and learning about local history.
3. Photography Restrictions: While photography is encouraged, be aware of any restrictions in sensitive areas.
4. Local Cuisine: Try local dishes in nearby restaurants for an authentic experience.
5. Weather Preparedness: Dress appropriately for the weather, especially in rural areas that can be quite different from urban settings.
6. Guided Tours: Consider hiring a local guide to gain deeper insights into Zhou Jianping’s life and contributions.

Overview

The Dongshan Revolutionary Martyrs Monument (曲靖市麒麟区东山革命烈士纪念碑, Dōngshān Gémìng Lièshì Jìniànbēi) is located in the Gaokai Village (高家村, Gāojiā Cūn) of the Jiemi Community (结米村民小组, Jiémǐ Cūnmín Xiǎozǔ) in Dongshan Town (东山镇, Dōngshān Zhèn), Qujing City (曲靖市, Qǔjìng Shì), Yunnan Province (云南省, Yúnnán Shěng). Situated on the west side of Bailong Mountain (白龙山, Báilóng Shān), this monument is positioned east to west and is surrounded by mountains on three sides, approximately 1 kilometer from the Dongshan Town government office.

Construction History

In memory of the revolutionary martyrs, the Dongshan Town Party Committee (东山镇党委, Dōngshān Zhèn Dǎngwěi) and government initiated the construction of the monument on December 26, 1998, at the request and support of the Qujing City (曲靖市, Qǔjìng Shì) former Yunnan-Guizhou-Guangxi Border Region Veteran’s Association (原滇黔桂边区老干部联合会, Yuán Diān Qián Guì Biānqū Lǎogànbù Liánhéhuì). The monument was inaugurated on April 5, 1999, but due to geological changes, it was relocated to the current site in Gaokai Village on the west side of Bailong Mountain in August 2003. The monument is a triangular pyramid structure made of brick and concrete, standing 19.48 meters tall.

Historical Significance

Before liberation, the Dongshan area comprised parts of Fenghua Township (丰华乡, Fēnghuá Xiāng) and Dongning Township (东宁乡, Dōngníng Xiāng) in Luliang County (陆良县, Lùliáng Xiàn), and some mountainous regions of Qujing County (曲靖县, Qǔjìng Xiàn). This strategic location served as a junction for three significant guerrilla bases under the leadership of the underground Communist Party of China (中共, Zhōnggòng) in eastern Yunnan.

In late November 1947, Yang Shoudou (杨守笃, Yáng Shǒudǔ), a member of the Luliang Special Branch (陆良特支, Lùliáng Tèzhī), led party members such as Yin Shigeng (殷世耕, Yīn Shìgēng) and Xiao Peng (肖鹏, Xiāo Péng) to establish connections with local leaders, including Zhang Dingguo (张定国, Zhāng Dìngguó), who later joined the revolution and began forming a defense team.

In March 1948, the Luliang Special Branch decided to formally establish a guerrilla team directly led by the party, based on Zhang Dingguo’s defense team. This unit, known as the Dongshan Guerrilla Brigade (东山游击大队, Dōngshān Yóujī Dàduì), marked the beginning of armed resistance against the Kuomintang (国民党, Guómín Dǎng) in Qujing County.

As the revolutionary struggle intensified, the Dongshan area witnessed an increase in armed conflict, with the establishment of numerous defense units and guerrilla teams, totaling 20 brigades and 59 companies with over 2,000 members. In March 1949, the Third Brigade of the Border Corps entered the Puchong (东山, Dōngshān) area, integrating various units into a unified command structure.

The Dongshan Revolutionary Base experienced three years of significant revolutionary struggle, achieving remarkable victories against the Kuomintang’s forces. It conducted over 50 battles, resulting in the defeat of 266 enemy troops and the acquisition of various weapons. This effort helped to establish party and governmental organizations across the region, contributing significantly to the liberation of eastern Yunnan.

In August 1999, Dongshan Town was recognized by the Yunnan Provincial Party Committee (云南省委, Yúnnán Shěng Wěi) and the Provincial Government (省人民政府, Shěng Rénmín Zhèngfǔ) as a revolutionary old area from the Liberation War period.

Recognition

On June 13, 2006, the Dongshan Revolutionary Martyrs Monument was designated as a second batch city-level patriotic education base (爱国主义教育基地, Àiguózhǔyì Jiàoyù Jīdì) in Qujing.

How to Get There

• By Car: Drive from Qujing City to Dongshan Town, then follow local signs to Gaokai Village. Parking is available near the monument.
• By Public Transport: Buses and taxis operate within Qujing, offering transportation to Dongshan Town.

Travel Tips

1. Visiting Hours: Check local guidelines for visiting hours and any special events.
2. Cultural Sensitivity: Be respectful when visiting memorials and learning about local history.
3. Photography: Capture the beauty of the surrounding mountains and the monument, but be mindful of restrictions.
4. Local Food: Sample local cuisine in nearby eateries for an authentic experience.
5. Weather Considerations: Dress appropriately for the weather, as mountainous areas can have unpredictable conditions.
6. Guided Tours: Consider joining a guided tour for deeper insights into the history and significance of the site.

The Dongshan Revolutionary Martyrs Monument serves not only as a tribute to the sacrifices made during the revolutionary struggle but also as an educational resource for future generations.

Overview

The Sanyuangong Memorial Hall of The Red Army’s Long March (三元宫“红军长征过曲靖”纪念园, Sānyuángōng “Hóngjūn Chángzhēng Guò Qǔjìng” Jiànniànyuán) is located 8 kilometers west of Qujing City (曲靖市, Qǔjìng Shì) in the Qilin District (麒麟区, Qílín Qū), specifically in the Xicheng Street Office (西城街道办事处, Xīchéng Jiēdào Bànshìchù) of the Qujing Economic and Technological Development Zone (曲靖经济技术开发区, Qǔjìng Jīngjì Jìshù Kāifāqū). This memorial commemorates the historical passage of the Central Red Army (中央红军, Zhōngyāng Hóngjūn) through Qujing.

Structure and Features

The memorial complex comprises the Sanyuangong Shrine (三元宫, Sānyuángōng), a Red Army Battle Memorial Tower (红军战斗纪念塔, Hóngjūn Zhàndòu Jiànniàntǎ), and a commemorative pavilion (纪念亭, Jìniàntíng). Sanyuangong covers an area of 14.6 acres and has been restored to reflect its original style.

At the center of the square are statues of key figures including Mao Zedong (毛泽东, Máo Zédōng), Zhou Enlai (周恩来, Zhōu Ēnlái), and Zhu De (朱德, Zhū Dé). The square is adorned with numerous plaques detailing the historical journey of the Central Red Army through Qujing. The main building is two stories high and features a sand table depicting the route taken by the Red Army, wax figures of members from the Central Revolutionary Military Committee (中革军委, Zhōnggé Jūnwěi), living quarters of Mao Zedong, Zhu De, and Zhou Enlai, as well as ten exhibition halls showcasing related artifacts.

Historical Significance

On April 27, 1935, while advancing along the Dian-Qian Highway (滇黔公路, Diān-Qián Gōnglù) towards Guanshan Village (关下村, Guānxià Cūn), the advanced unit of the Central Red Army intercepted a vehicle from Kunming (昆明, Kūnmíng). This vehicle contained valuable military maps and supplies. The captured officer, Lieutenant Li, was sent by Long Yun (龙云, Lóng Yún), the governor of Yunnan, to obtain these maps.

That afternoon, the Red Army headquarters camped at Sanyuangong, where Commander Zhu De sent two telegrams regarding troop deployments. Later that evening, a crucial meeting was held at Sanyuangong with key leaders including Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, and Zhu De. The meeting analyzed the military situation and adopted new strategic guidelines, including a westward movement to establish a Soviet area in Western Sichuan (川西, Chuān Xī), which was vital for preserving the Red Army’s forces.

Sanyuangong was officially opened to the public on July 1, 2005, and has been designated as a patriotic education base by various governmental bodies, highlighting its significance in educating future generations about the history of the Red Army.

Visiting Information

The Sanyuangong Memorial Hall is situated in the Xia Xishan Community (下西山居民小组, Xià Xīshān Jūmín Xiǎozǔ) of Xicheng Street in Qujing.

How to Get There

• By Car: From the center of Qujing City, drive west on the local roads towards the Xicheng Street area.
• By Public Transport: Local buses and taxis are available in Qujing City, providing easy access to the memorial.

Travel Tips

1. Best Time to Visit: The ideal time to visit is during spring and autumn when the weather is pleasant.
2. Accommodation: There are several local hotels and guesthouses in Qujing. It is advisable to book in advance during peak travel seasons.
3. Photography: Early morning or late afternoon provides the best lighting for photography.
4. Local Cuisine: Don’t miss trying local dishes, including Yunnan rice noodles and various teas.
5. Hydration and Snacks: Bring water and snacks, especially if you plan to explore the area extensively.

Overview

Luositian Field螺丝田, located in Niu Street (牛街, Niújiē), 10 kilometers northwest of Luoping County (罗平县, Luópíng Xiàn) in Qujing (曲靖, Qǔjìng), Yunnan Province, is a renowned scenic area famous for its unique circular terraced fields resembling the spiral patterns of a screw. This area is often referred to as “Niu Street” rapeseed flowers due to the vibrant canola fields that bloom here.

Basic Introduction

Luositian Field serves as one of the most popular photography spots for rapeseed flowers in Yunnan. The terraced fields are designed in a circular pattern, creating an illusion of spirals similar to those found on screws. This stunning natural landscape is formed by bead-like karst funnel topography, characterized by dense and uniquely shaped funnels that are rarely seen elsewhere. The landscape extends up to 50 meters deep, arranged in a northeast-southwest orientation with neatly layered rice paddies and dry fields.

Throughout the seasons, Luositian Field showcases a variety of colors and shapes. In the winter and spring, the fields covered in golden rapeseed flowers create a spectacular visual feast, while the wheat fields, lush and green, add refreshing hues. As visitors stroll along the terraced fields, they are greeted by the sight of golden canola flowers blooming, resembling countless dragons coiled along the landscape.

Unique Landscape Features

The terraced fields in Luositian are diverse in shape, including bow-shaped and semi-circular terraces. Some feature over a dozen tiers, while others have only three or four. Shallow ponds interspersed among the fields reflect the sky, resembling mirrors. Rows of verdant trees enhance the vividness and beauty of the scenery, creating a striking visual contrast.

In the distance, the terraced fields filled with rapeseed flowers ascend the hills, forming a breathtaking panorama. This site exemplifies a remarkable collaboration between nature and human efforts, where the unique karst landscape has been cultivated by diligent farmers, complemented by Luoping’s advantageous climate, resulting in a captivating natural wonder.

Cultural Significance

Beyond its natural beauty, Luositian Field is steeped in cultural significance. The area has a long history, having been cultivated by local farmers for generations. Visitors can immerse themselves in the vibrant rural culture, interacting with friendly locals who are proud of their traditions. The region is rich with folklore, craftsmanship, and customs, providing a deeper understanding of the community’s heritage.

Summary

In conclusion, Luositian Field is a breathtaking destination that harmoniously blends natural splendor, rich cultural heritage, and agricultural experiences. Whether your interest lies in appreciating stunning landscapes, experiencing rural life, or learning about agricultural practices, Luositian Field promises an unforgettable journey.

How to Get There

To reach Luositian Field, visitors can choose from several transportation options:

• By Car: From the center of Luoping County, take National Highway 324 northeast for about 10 kilometers to Niu Street.
• By Public Transport: Local buses and taxis are readily available in Luoping County, providing convenient access to Niu Street.

Travel Tips

1. Best Time to Visit: The optimal time to visit Luositian Field is from late February to mid-March when the rapeseed flowers are in full bloom, creating a golden sea of flowers.
2. Accommodation: While lodging in Luoping County is generally basic, many places offer excellent views of the nearby peaks. It is advisable to book accommodations in advance, especially during peak tourist seasons.
3. Photography Opportunities: For the best photographs, plan to visit early in the morning or late in the afternoon when the sunlight casts a soft, flattering glow across the fields.
4. Local Cuisine: Don’t miss sampling local delicacies, including Five-Color Flower Rice (五色花饭, Wǔsè Huāfàn) and local honey. While many food stalls serve delicious meals, be mindful of varying hygiene standards.
5. Stay Hydrated and Snack Ready: Bring water and snacks as you explore the area, particularly if you intend to hike or spend a significant amount of time enjoying the scenery.

A Natural Wonder

In Luoping County, Qujing, Yunnan Province, lies a breathtaking natural wonder known as Jinji Peak (金鸡峰丛, Jīnjī Fēngcóng). This area features towering peaks of various shapes, creating a spectacular karst landscape. Jinji Peak is renowned for its unique natural beauty and rich geological heritage, making it a paradise for adventurers and photography enthusiasts alike. It attracts visitors from around the world who come to explore its wonders. The enchanting Jinji Peak scenic area covers a vast expanse and showcases prominent karst landforms, with basins interspersed among the peaks. The famous Ming dynasty traveler Xu Xiake (徐霞客, Xú Xiákè) once praised it as “the famous Yidong of Luoping,” and it has been recognized by China National Geography as one of the “Five Most Beautiful Peak Forests in China.”

The Majestic Landscape

The peaks rise endlessly, with stunning formations that leave visitors in awe. In the vast sea of flowers, quaint villages and flowing streams create a picturesque scene. Isolated peaks appear like islands amidst the floral expanse, with clusters of green towering above. The fertile fields within the peak forest resemble a golden ocean during flowering season, where the vibrant yellow rapeseed flowers contrast beautifully with the verdant peaks.

From a distance, the peaks showcase their diverse forms and magnificent appearances, capturing attention with their grandeur. A sweeping view reveals a carpet of land stretching towards distant layered peaks, creating a mesmerizing blend of beauty and majesty.

In the early morning, a thin mist envelops the peaks, creating an illusion of floating mountains, as if they were a mirage. As the sun rises, the mist dissipates, revealing the lush, undulating scenery in all its glory.

Standing atop Jinji Mountain, the vast floral landscape unfolds below. Visitors can see cowherds dressed in traditional attire leisurely walking through the fields, accompanied by the soothing sounds of flutes, creating an ethereal atmosphere. A simple stroll through this golden sea of flowers becomes a poetic experience.

Jinji Peak is a place of clarity, beauty, and captivating mystery, showcasing nature’s intricate artistry.

Key Attractions

1. Unique Karst Topography

The karst landscape of Jinji Peak is famous for its dense peaks, deep caves, and underground rivers, demonstrating nature’s remarkable craftsmanship.

2. Diverse Peak Forests

The peaks exhibit various forms, some resembling a proud rooster while others point skyward like swords, each mountain displaying its unique charm.

3. Rich Ecological Environment

The ecological environment of Jinji Peak is diverse, providing habitat for numerous wildlife species, making it an excellent destination for eco-tourism.

Adventure Experiences

1. Challenging Hiking

Hiking in Jinji Peak allows visitors to experience the grandeur of the peak forest up close, challenge themselves, and enjoy the thrill of conquering nature.

2. Cave Exploration

Exploring the caves of Jinji Peak offers an exhilarating experience, revealing the mysteries of an unknown world.

3. Photography Opportunities

The natural beauty of Jinji Peak provides ample material for photography enthusiasts. Capturing scenes during sunrise, sunset, or amidst swirling mists can yield breathtaking images.

Culture and Traditions

1. Rich Historical Heritage

The Jinji Peak region has a long history, with numerous ancient sites and legends, offering visitors a chance to learn about local culture.

2. Diverse Ethnic Customs

The area is home to various ethnic groups, showcasing unique customs, clothing, music, dance, and festivals that reflect the local cultural richness.

3. Traditional Handicrafts

Local handicrafts, such as embroidery, weaving, and silver jewelry making, attract many visitors with their exquisite craftsmanship and distinctive styles.

Culinary Delights and Local Products

1. Authentic Ethnic Cuisine

Local ethnic dishes, such as sour fish soup and bamboo rice, use fresh ingredients and unique cooking methods to provide unforgettable culinary experiences.

2. Organic Farm Products

Visitors can purchase locally produced organic farm products, including rice, vegetables, and fruits, enjoying healthful and delicious options.

3. Beautiful Handicrafts

Handcrafted items, such as ethnic costumes and woven goods, offer both practical and artistic value, making them perfect souvenirs.

Travel Services

1. Convenient Transportation Network

Luoping County boasts a developed transportation network, making it easy for visitors to reach Jinji Peak and nearby attractions.

2. Comprehensive Tourist Facilities

Jinji Peak and its surroundings feature well-equipped tourist facilities, including visitor centers, rest areas, and dining options.

3. Professional Tour Guide Services

Visitors can benefit from the expertise of local tour guides who provide in-depth knowledge about the area and its attractions.

How to Get There

Jinji Peak is located south of National Highway 324, near Jinji Ling Village in Banjiao Town, Luoping County, Qujing City. It is approximately 12 kilometers from Luoping County center.

Travel Options:

• By Train: Take a train from Kunming (昆明, Kūnmíng) to Luoping. The journey takes about 4 hours.
• By Bus: From Kunming East Bus Station (昆明东客运站, Kūnmíng Dōng Kèyùn Zhàn), take a bus to Luoping, which departs every 40 minutes and takes approximately 3.5 hours.
• Local Transport: After arriving in Luoping, you can find buses at Luoping North Bus Station (罗平客运北站, Luópíng Kèyùn Běi Zhàn) or the train station that head to Banjiao Town, running approximately every 5 minutes.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: The best time to appreciate the rapeseed flowers in Luoping is from late February to mid-March. During this period, the golden flowers contrast beautifully with the green peaks, creating picturesque rural scenery.
• Accommodation: There are various hotels and inns in Luoping County, ranging from budget to luxury. It’s advisable to book in advance, especially during peak tourist seasons.
• Touring Routes: The Jinji Peak area has multiple viewpoints, including Jinji Ridge (金鸡岭, Jīnjī Lǐng), Jiulong Waterfall Group (九龙瀑布群, Jiǔlóng Pùbù Qún), and Shiwanda Mountain (十万大山, Shíwàn Dàshān). Choose a route that suits your physical condition and interests.
• Photography Tips: For the best photographs, rise early to capture the soft morning light. A wide-angle lens is ideal for landscape shots, while a telephoto lens works well for distant details.
• Cultural Experiences: Explore local Zhuang (壮族, Zhuàngzú) villages to immerse yourself in their customs and enjoy traditional dishes like glutinous rice and sour fish soup.
• Environmental Awareness: Respect the local environment and cultural traditions by disposing of waste responsibly and avoiding damage to vegetation and cultural relics.

In Luoping County (罗平县) of Qujing (曲靖), Yunnan Province (云南省), lies a vast expanse of rolling mountains known as “Shiwan Dashan” (十万大山). This area features majestic peaks shrouded in mist, creating stunning natural scenery that attracts countless mountain enthusiasts and adventurers. With its unique terrain and rich ecological resources, Shiwan Dashan has become an ideal destination for those looking to explore nature and challenge themselves.

Located in the eastern Yunnan karst region, the mountain range encompasses several townships in the southeastern part of the county, including Dashuijing (大水井), Luoxiong (罗雄), Banjiao (板桥), Jiuwuji (旧屋基), and Lubuge (鲁布革), covering hundreds of square kilometers and representing the essence of China’s karst landscapes.

• The mountain peaks feature various shapes, including tower-like, conical, and rounded formations, rising from tens to over a hundred meters. From a distance, the peaks cluster together, creating a breathtaking and formidable landscape.
• In March, Luoping bursts into spring, with fields of rapeseed flowers (油菜花) in bloom, complementing the karst topography. Visitors can immerse themselves in the vibrant scenery and enjoy panoramic views.

I. Natural Scenery of Shiwan Dashan

1. Majestic Mountains

The towering peaks of Shiwan Dashan are awe-inspiring, showcasing the grandeur and wonder of nature.

2. Diverse Ecological Environment

The ecological environment here is varied, ranging from dense forests at the foot of the mountains to alpine meadows at the summit, along with karst formations on the cliffs, creating a three-dimensional natural ecosystem.

3. Rich Biodiversity

Shiwan Dashan is home to many rare plants and animals, boasting significant biodiversity that provides valuable resources for nature observation and ecological research.

II. Adventure Experiences in Shiwan Dashan

1. Climbing Challenges

For mountain climbers, Shiwan Dashan offers routes of varying difficulty, with each ascent serving as a test of personal limits.

2. Trekking Exploration

Choosing to trek through Shiwan Dashan allows visitors to explore every corner of the mountains, experiencing nature’s raw beauty and mystery.

3. Camping Experience

Camping in Shiwan Dashan offers a chance to gaze at the starry night sky and greet the first rays of sunlight, experiencing the tranquility and peace of nature.

III. Culture and Customs of Shiwan Dashan

1. Rich Cultural Heritage

The Shiwan Dashan region has a long history and deep cultural roots. Ancient relics and local legends enrich the exploration of its historical culture.

2. Colorful Ethnic Customs

Multiple ethnic minorities inhabit the area, showcasing unique cultural expressions through traditional costumes, music, dance, and festive celebrations.

3. Exquisite Traditional Crafts

Local handicrafts, such as weaving, embroidery, and silver jewelry, attract many visitors with their exceptional craftsmanship and distinctive styles.

IV. Cuisine and Special Products of Shiwan Dashan

1. Authentic Ethnic Cuisine

Local ethnic dishes, such as sour fish soup (酸汤鱼) and bamboo rice (竹筒饭), offer fresh ingredients and unique cooking methods, providing visitors with unforgettable culinary experiences.

2. Eco-friendly Agricultural Products

The agricultural products in the mountains are known for their eco-friendliness and lack of pollution, allowing visitors to purchase fresh fruits, vegetables, and wild produce.

3. Fine Handicrafts

Handicrafts, such as traditional costumes and handmade embroidery, not only serve practical purposes but also possess high artistic and collectible value.

V. Tourism Services in Shiwan Dashan

1. Convenient Transportation Network

Luoping County has a well-developed transportation network, making it easy for visitors to reach Shiwan Dashan and surrounding attractions.

2. Comprehensive Tourism Facilities

Shiwan Dashan and its vicinity are equipped with complete tourism facilities, including visitor centers, resting areas, and dining services.

3. Professional Tour Guide Services

Shiwan Dashan provides professional tour guide services, with guides who are familiar with every corner of the mountains, offering detailed explanations and attentive service.

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Shiwan Dashan stands out with its majestic peaks, diverse ecological environment, rich biodiversity, extreme climbing challenges, trekking opportunities, tranquil camping experiences, deep cultural heritage, colorful ethnic customs, exquisite traditional crafts, authentic ethnic cuisine, fine handicrafts, and professional tourism services. It has become an enchanting travel destination. Visitors can not only admire breathtaking natural views but also engage in thrilling adventures, learn about local ethnic cultures, savor delicious foods, and purchase unique handicrafts. Whether climbing peaks, trekking through forests, or experiencing camping, Shiwan Dashan promises an unforgettable journey.

How to Get There

• Location: Shiwan Dashan Scenic Area is located along the Luonai Highway (罗乃公路) in Jin Dai Village (金歹村委会), about 10 kilometers from Luoping County (罗平县) town center.
• Transport: It is recommended to view Shiwan Dashan from a distance to appreciate its scale; many photographers opt to capture it from the bus windows while traveling to Duoyi River (多依河). If you want to explore the area, you can take a rural bus from Luoping Bus Station (罗平客运站) to Naige (乃格) and get off at Shiwan Dashan, but returning can be inconvenient as you’ll have to wait for a bus back to the county.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: The ideal time to explore Shiwan Dashan is during the spring (March), when the rapeseed flowers are in full bloom.
• Safety: Ensure you have proper gear and check the weather before hiking or camping.
• Cultural Sensitivity: Be respectful of local customs and traditions, especially when interacting with ethnic minority groups.
• Waste Management: Follow the principle of “leave no trace” and dispose of waste properly to help preserve the natural beauty of the area.