Overview

Dajue Temple (大觉寺, Dàjué Sì), officially known as Dajue Zen Temple (大觉禅寺, Dàjué Chán Sì), is located on Laosifang Street (老四方街, Lǎo Sìfāng Jiē) in Luliang County (陆良县, Lùliáng Xiàn), Qujing City (曲靖市, Qūjìng Shì), Yunnan Province (云南省, Yúnnán Shěng). Established during the Yuan Dynasty (元朝, Yuán Cháo), it is one of the earliest Buddhist Zen monasteries in Luliang and was historically known as Beichan Temple (北禅寺, Běi Chán Sì).

Architecture and Layout

Dajue Temple faces south and covers an area of 8,000 square meters, featuring a rectangular layout based on a north-south central axis. The temple consists of five levels, which sequentially include:

• Mountain Gate (山门, Shānmén)
• Mountain Gate Hall (山门殿, Shānmén Diàn)
• Heavenly King Hall (天王殿, Tiānwáng Diàn)
• Mahavira Hall (大雄宝殿, Dàxióng Bǎodiàn)
• Rear Garden (后花园, Hòu Huāyuán)
• Sutra Storage Building (藏经楼, Cángjīng Lóu)

On both sides of the central axis, there are symmetrically arranged buildings such as the bell tower (钟楼, Zhōnglóu), drum tower (鼓楼, Gǔlóu), and east and west side rooms (东厢房, Dōng Xiāngfáng; 西厢房, Xī Xiāngfáng). The entire temple is grand in scale, showcasing meticulous and unique craftsmanship in its architectural materials.

Dajue Temple features a blend of Confucian and Daoist styles, evident in the Fengshan Academy (凤山书院, Fèngshān Shūyuàn) and Wenchang Palace (文昌宫, Wénchāng Gōng). This integration represents a traditional Han temple that embodies elements from Confucianism, Daoism, and Buddhism, showcasing high achievements in ancient architectural technology and artistry.

On March 5, 2013, Dajue Temple was designated as a National Key Cultural Relic Protection Unit by the State Council of the People’s Republic of China.

Historical Development

Dajue Temple was founded during the Yuan Dynasty. Significant renovations occurred during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty (万历, Wànlì) from 1573 to 1620. Additional repairs were made throughout the years, particularly during the early Republic of China, when monks advocated for maintenance. In 1985, the Luliang County Government allocated funds to renovate the mountain gate and the Mahavira Hall, preserving the ancient architectural complex.

Architectural Features

Dajue Temple is characterized by its impressive five-layer structure:

1. First Level (Mountain Gate)

The mountain gate features a three-bay archway style, with a heavy top and three openings, adorned with brilliant gold decorations.

2. Second Level (Mountain Gate Hall)

This hall displays the plaque “Dajue Zen Temple” and houses two guardian deities.

3. Third Level (Heavenly King Hall)

This includes both the hall and a towering pagoda.

4. Fourth Level

The center of Dajue Temple, featuring the Mahavira Hall, Zen courtyard, bell and drum tower, and east-west corridors, all forming a spacious Buddhist compound. Ancient cypress trees add to the serene atmosphere.

5. Garden and Sutra Storage

Located behind the Mahavira Hall, the garden features ornamental rocks and osmanthus trees, known for their fragrant blossoms during the blooming season.

Among its many buildings, the Mahavira Hall and the Thousand Buddha Pagoda (千佛塔, Qiān Fó Tǎ) stand out as classic examples of architectural beauty.

Mahavira Hall

The Mahavira Hall is a traditional Chinese structure with a double-eaved hip roof, standing 17 meters tall and consisting of five bays. It features a corridor in front, adorned with a blue stone railing that showcases intricate carvings of animals, flowers, and figures. The hall is topped with glazed tiles, and decorative elements such as dragon heads and a giant bronze tripod create a distinctive look.

Thousand Buddha Pagoda

The Thousand Buddha Pagoda, located in front of the Heavenly King Hall and bell tower, is an 18-meter tall hexagonal brick pagoda with seven tiers. It contains 1,612 niches, each housing a relief of Shakyamuni Buddha. The pagoda is topped with a copper kettle and stone carvings, symbolizing protection against natural disasters and reflecting the ancient wisdom and architectural talents of its builders.

Cultural Significance

Local legends suggest that the area was once plagued by floods due to a mythical creature called the Ao fish, which was believed to cause chaos. To tame this creature, the pagoda was constructed alongside two golden roosters to keep watch and deter the Ao fish from causing further damage, symbolizing the people’s wish to conquer natural disasters.

Dajue Temple, with its combination of Confucian, Daoist, and Buddhist elements, is the largest and most well-preserved ancient temple in Luliang and represents a high level of architectural achievement in ancient Qujing.

Protection and Preservation

In 1983, Dajue Temple and the Thousand Buddha Pagoda were designated as provincial key cultural relic protection units. On March 5, 2013, Dajue Temple was recognized as a National Key Cultural Relic Protection Unit by the State Council.

Travel Information

Location

Dajue Temple is located on Laosifang Street (老四方街, Lǎo Sìfāng Jiē) in Luliang County (陆良县, Lùliáng Xiàn), Qujing City (曲靖市, Qūjìng Shì), Yunnan Province (云南省, Yúnnán Shěng).

How to Get There

To reach Dajue Temple, you can take a public bus to the county hospital station (县医院站, Xiàn Yīyuàn Zhàn) and then walk towards the temple. It is conveniently situated within the city, making it easily accessible.

Travel Tips

1. Best Time to Visit: Spring and autumn are ideal for enjoying the pleasant weather, especially for outdoor exploration of the temple grounds.
2. What to Bring: Comfortable walking shoes are recommended, along with water to stay hydrated and a camera to capture the temple’s beautiful architecture and scenery.
3. Respect Local Customs: When visiting the temple, maintain a respectful demeanor and dress modestly. It is customary to remove shoes before entering certain sacred areas.
4. Explore Nearby Attractions: Consider visiting other historical sites in the area to enrich your cultural experience, such as local markets and other temples that reflect Yunnan’s rich heritage.
5. Photography: Check if photography is allowed in certain areas of the temple complex to ensure compliance with local rules.

Overview

The Jianjiaodong Neolithic Site (尖角洞新石器遗址, Jianjiaodong Xinshiqi Yizhi) is an archaeological treasure located in Xuanwei City (宣威市, Xuanwei Shi), Qujing (曲靖, Qujing). Dating back approximately 3,000 years, this site is situated 500 meters south of Geyi Town (格宜镇, Ge Yi Zhen) at the foothills of Xiaohong Mountain (小红山, Xiao Hong Shan) and is characterized by its limestone cave formations.

Location and Significance

Jianjiaodong is notable as one of the earliest indicators of human activity in Xuanwei. The cave entrance, situated over 100 meters above the ground, features a distinctive arrowhead shape, leading to its name “Jianjiaodong” (尖角洞, Jianjiaodong). It is recognized for its cultural significance, reflecting a blend of influences from the Dianchi (滇池, Dianchi) and Zhaotong (昭通, Zhaotong) regions. The site offers a glimpse into the lives of Neolithic people and their adaptations to the environment.

Discoveries and Excavations

In July 1983, a team of archaeologists discovered a variety of stone tools and pottery fragments within the cave. The findings included:

• Stone Tools: 3 polished stone tools, 6 stone chisels, 1 perforated stone knife, and 1 flaked stone tool, all classified as polished stone artifacts.
• Pottery Fragments: An extensive collection of pottery shards.

These artifacts were dated to the middle to late Neolithic period. Further excavations from December 2012 to January 2013 revealed over 6,000 pottery shards and nearly 100 stone tools, confirming Jianjiaodong as the only Neolithic cave site discovered in Qujing.

Cultural Layers

The cultural deposits within Jianjiaodong are stratified into two primary layers:

1. Upper Layer: Contains modern accumulations, with a mix of limestone debris and numerous pottery shards indicative of more recent habitation.
2. Lower Layer: Comprises fragments of artifacts, charcoal, and animal bones, suggesting a long history of human use and habitation.

The cave’s layout features distinct areas for living and sleeping, showcasing the daily life of its ancient inhabitants.

Historical Context

Xuanwei boasts a rich history, with evidence of human existence dating back to the Neolithic era. The Jianjiaodong site is often cited as a significant representation of this period, emphasizing the area’s long-standing human activity and cultural development. The phrase “New Stone Age” often referenced in local promotions directly pertains to Jianjiaodong.

Travel Information

Accessing Jianjiaodong

Geyi Town is located about 42 kilometers from Xuanwei’s city center. With the new highway, the distance is reduced to just 29 kilometers, making travel time approximately 30 minutes. The cave is located southeast of Geyi Town on Xiaohong Mountain, with a well-maintained cement road leading directly to the mountain’s base. A 20-minute walk will take you to the cave entrance.

Travel Tips

1. Best Time to Visit: Spring (March to April) is ideal for witnessing the beauty of blooming flowers.
2. What to Bring: Comfortable hiking shoes, sufficient water, snacks, and a camera for capturing the scenic views.
3. Local Culture: Engage with local residents to learn more about their traditions and the significance of Jianjiaodong in their history.
4. Safety Precautions: Ensure to check weather conditions before your visit, and consider going in a group for safety.

Nearby Attractions

Huaxiaogou (花小沟, Huaxiaogou)

Located just 7 kilometers from Geyi Town, Huaxiaogou offers a vibrant, green landscape filled with lush trees and grass. Between March and April, the area bursts into color with blooming rhododendrons, and the gentle streams create perfect conditions for camping and nature activities. It’s an ideal destination for eco-tourism, combining flower viewing, outdoor recreation, and rural tourism.

Hóngqūyán Cǎoshān (红渠岩草山, Hongquyan Caoshan)

Hóngqūyán Cǎoshān is located in Adu Village (阿都村, Adu Cun), approximately 28 kilometers from the Adu Township Government (阿都乡, Adu Xiang). At an elevation of 2,165 meters, it features rolling hills and stunning vistas, making it a perfect spot for relaxation and leisurely hikes. The expansive views of the surrounding mountains make it an excellent destination for both recreation and photography.

The Jianjiaodong Neolithic Site is a crucial piece of Yunnan’s historical puzzle, offering insights into ancient human life and culture. Its proximity to stunning natural attractions enhances its appeal, making it a must-visit destination for history buffs and nature lovers alike. Whether you are delving into the depths of history or exploring the beautiful landscapes, Jianjiaodong and its surroundings promise a rewarding experience.

Overview

Located in Shujicun (淑基村), Shizong County (师宗县), Yunnan Province (云南省), the Former Residence of Dou Xu (窦垿故居) is a classic Siheyuan (四合院), a traditional Chinese courtyard house. The tall eaves rise majestically against the wind, showcasing not only the solemnity of the architecture but also a profound cultural connotation.

Architectural Features

The Dou Xu Residence is situated in Shujicun, within the Zhujizhen (竹基镇) area of Shizong County. The building faces south and consists of various structures, including:

Zhaobi (照壁)

• Description: The Zhaobi is a unique shadow wall, measuring 30 meters in length and 5 meters in height, constructed in a hanging mountain style.
• Details: It features a flower-tiled roof at the top, signifying its significance within the residence. The wall is supported by a base resembling a Sumeru platform (须弥座台基).
• Dimensions: The wall has a width of 12 meters, a depth of 5.2 meters, and a height of 8.9 meters, with a multi-layered structure.

Guoting (过厅)

• Structure: This hall features a seven-beam lifting structure and spans 5 bays.
• Dimensions: It is 22.5 meters wide, 10 meters deep, and 7.4 meters high.
• Features: The front eaves extend outward, and the roof tiles are connected by copper wire. Corridors extend to the east and west sides, leading to the back courtyard.

Huating (花厅)

• Location: Positioned on the west side of the main hall.
• Dimensions: It measures 13 meters wide, 8 meters deep, and 6 meters high.
• Decoration: The interior features intricately carved doors and windows, depicting scenes of flowers, birds, and human stories, showcasing exquisite craftsmanship.

Layout and Additional Structures

• Compounds: The entire residence consists of 36 rooms divided into four courtyards, covering an area of approximately 1,500 square meters.
• Companions Rooms: In the back courtyard, there are several additional rooms including “peifang” (陪房) and “ear rooms” (耳房), which serve as supplementary living spaces.

Historical Significance

Dou Xu (窦垿)

• Biography: Dou Xu (1804-1865), styled Zidan (子玷), was born in Shujicun. His grandfather, Dou Sheng (窦晟), was the top scholar in the provincial examination during the Qianlong era.
• Literary Contributions: Dou Xu authored numerous works, including:
  • Duo Shi Lu (多识录)
  • Si Yu Lu (四余录)
  • Shi Er Lu (示儿录)
  • You Yi Lu (游艺录)

He is renowned for his famous couplet at the Yueyang Tower (岳阳楼), often regarded as one of the three great couplets in Chinese literature.

The Yueyang Tower Couplets

The couplet reads:

一楼何奇？杜少陵五绝唱，范希文两字关情，滕子京百废俱兴，吕纯阳三过必醉。诗耶？儒耶？吏耶？仙耶？不见古人，使我怆然涕下； 诸君试看：洞庭湖南极潇湘，扬子江北通巫峡，巴陵西来爽气，岳州城东道岩疆。潴者！流者！峙者！镇者！中有真意，问谁领会得来？

Cultural Recognition

• In December 2003, the Yunnan Provincial Government recognized the residence as a cultural relic protection unit.
• The architectural features and Dou Xu’s literary legacy contribute to the site’s historical value, making it a valuable resource for understanding Qing Dynasty (清朝) residential architecture and cultural evolution.

Journey to Dou Xu Residence

Visitors can reach the Dou Xu Residence by various means:

1. By Air: Fly to Kunming Changshui International Airport (昆明长水国际机场).
2. By Train: Take a high-speed train from major cities like Kunming (昆明) to Qujing (曲靖).
3. By Road: From Qujing, take a local bus or hire a taxi to Shizong County.

Upon arrival in Shizong, use local transportation or walk to Shujicun, where the residence is located.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Spring (March to May) and autumn (September to November) are ideal for pleasant weather and beautiful scenery.
• Local Cuisine: Don’t miss trying local dishes, such as Crossing the Bridge Noodles (过桥米线) and Yunnan ham.
• Respect Local Customs: Maintain a respectful demeanor, especially in places with cultural significance. Follow any posted rules regarding photography and behavior.
• Guided Tours: Consider hiring a local guide to enrich your understanding of the site’s history and architecture.
• Souvenirs: Look for local handicrafts and literary works related to Dou Xu’s legacy as unique souvenirs.

With its rich history, cultural significance, and architectural beauty, the Former Residence of Dou Xu is a must-visit for anyone interested in Chinese literature, history, and traditional architecture.

Overview of Lajing Town

Lajing Town (啦井镇) is located in Lanping County (兰坪县), part of the Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture (怒江傈僳族自治州) in Yunnan Province (云南省), China. Positioned in the central part of Lanping County, it connects to Tongdian Town (通甸镇) to the east, Jinding Town (金顶镇) to the southeast, Tuo’e Township (兔峨乡) to the south, Yingpan Town (营盘镇) to the west, and Shideng Township (石登乡) to the north. The town is approximately 35 kilometers from the county seat and spans an area of 508.47 square kilometers. As of the end of 2019, Lajing had a registered population of 16,397 people.

Administrative Divisions

As of June 2020, Lajing Town administers nine villages: Lajing Village (啦井村), Changjian Village (长涧村), Xinjian Village (新建村), Buchang Village (布场村), Guading Village (挂登村), Taoshui Village (桃树村), Fuhe Village (富和村), Jiulong Village (九龙村), and Qijian Village (期井村). The town government is located on Lajing Street (拉井街).

Lajing Village and Salt Production

Lajing Village, the seat of the town’s government, is conveniently located 38 kilometers from the county seat. It borders Taoshui Village to the east, Fuhe Village to the south, Jiulong Village to the west, and Buchang and Changjian Villages to the north. The village encompasses 17 groupings, with 516 households and a population of 2,565.

Historical Significance of Salt and Ancient Roads

Leaving Lanping, travelers pass through a four-kilometer-long tunnel to reach Lajing Village, known for its salt production. It is said that Lajing salt is used for making Nuodeng ham (诺邓火腿). Nearby is an ancient salt road, historically used for transporting salt by horse.

Lajing is one of the 33 ancient towns in Yunnan and a former county seat of Lanping. The area boasts remnants of its salt mines and offers a chance to explore Sifang Street (四方街).

Cultural and Historical Background

Lanping County is situated in the northwestern part of Yunnan, within the Hengduan Mountains’ valley, and lies at the heart of the “Three Parallel Rivers” UNESCO World Heritage site. It is known as the “Gateway of the Three Rivers” and is enveloped by the Biluoxue Mountain (碧罗雪山) and Laojun Mountain (老君山), which harbor a thousand years of historical civilization.

Historically, Lanping has been recognized as the “Home of Salt,” with salt mining dating back over 160 years. It is known for the “Nine Salt Wells of Lanping,” including Lajing (啦井), Wenjing (温井), Shangjing (上井), Qijing (期井), Xingjing (兴井), Laomu Jing (老姆井), Xiaojing (下井), Xiao Yanjing (小盐井), and Wenzhuang Jing (温庄井).

Salt Horse Ancient Road

Due to the lack of external roads, salt was transported solely by human and horse back. This led to the development of the Salt Horse Ancient Road network, which had profound historical significance in the salt trade in northwestern Yunnan. Ancestors of Lanping drove numerous horse caravans along these ancient roads, transitioning the area from barbarism to modern civilization.

Historical records reveal many ancient roads within Lanping County, with the most famous routes being “Jianchuan Jinhua to Lanping Lajing” (剑川金华—兰坪啦井), “Yunlong Shimen to Lanping Laomu Jing” (云龙石门—兰坪老姆井), “Weixi to Lanping Gao Xuan Jing” (维西—兰坪高轩井), and “Bijiang (Zhiziluo) to Lanping Lajing” (碧江县（知子罗）—兰坪啦井). The “Jianlan” route, from Jianchuan Jinhua to Lanping Lajing, has received extensive attention for its wealth of cultural relics and is about 120 kilometers long.

Salt Culture and Local Products

Notably mentioned in historical documents, the Lajing Lajiming Well (喇鸡鸣井) is highly regarded for its salt quality. Among local products, “Peach Blossom Salt” (桃花盐) is particularly famous, appearing light pink when cooked and earning a reputation across Yunnan. This salt is supplied to regions such as Dali (大理), Lijiang (丽江), and parts of Deqen (迪庆), and is even exported to northern Myanmar (缅甸).

Despite the difficult terrain of the ancient roads, merchants continue to visit, and salt transportation has fostered the region’s prosperity and distinctive salt horse culture, becoming an essential part of Lanping’s ethnic culture. The ancient salt road encapsulates Lanping’s historical and cultural narrative, making it a topic of endless fascination.

Cultural Legacy and Preservation

The Salt Horse culture is deeply embedded in the region’s history, evident in the customs of various ethnic groups such as the Lisu, Bai, and Nuo. Songs like “Salt Horse Love Song” (盐马情歌), “Driving Horse Melody” (赶马调), and “Meeting Song” (相会歌) originated from these ancient paths, embodying the spirit of the local culture and continuing to be sung today.

Lajing Salt Horse Ancient Road Cultural Exhibition Hall

Located on the third floor of the Zixing Five-Flavor Fruit Processing Factory in Lajing Town, the exhibition hall covers over 300 square meters and has an investment of over 800,000 yuan (with 200,000 yuan from the Lanping County Ethnic and Religious Affairs Bureau). The hall displays over 60 exhibits, 100 historical photographs, and more than 50 panels, using visual, textual, and audio methods to present Lajing’s history.

Entering the exhibition hall, visitors encounter photos, texts, and artifacts that vividly depict Lajing’s development and changes, showcasing the community’s happiness. The hall serves as a vessel for understanding local history and roots, bringing historical and cultural archives to life.

Future Directions

For rural revitalization, Lajing aims to shape both its identity and cultural essence. The town will utilize the exhibition hall to share its history and stories, fostering learning and appreciation among visitors and the younger generation, strengthening community values, and contributing to cultural development.

Travel Tips

How to Get There

Lajing Town is approximately 35 kilometers from the county seat of Lanping. The best way to reach Lajing is by car or bus from the main city. Public transportation options may be limited, so plan accordingly.

Travel Tips

1. Best Time to Visit: The best time for hiking is year-round, with mild weather.
2. Footwear: Wear comfortable walking shoes for exploring the ancient roads.
3. Water and Snacks: Carry sufficient water and snacks, as amenities may be limited.
4. Photography: Bring a camera to capture the beautiful landscapes and cultural sites.
5. Local Culture: Engage with local residents to learn more about their customs and history.

Suggested Itinerary

• Itinerary 1: Lanping County Seat → Laomu Jing → Qijing → Fuhe → Lajing Ancient Town → Newborn Bridge National Park (Approx. 4 km hiking).
• Itinerary 2: Lanping County Seat → Newborn Bridge National Park → Mountain God Temple → Fuhe → Lajing Ancient Salt Town (Approx. 12 km hiking).
• Itinerary 3: Lanping County Seat → Dashi Bridge → Zhongsha House → Mountain God Temple → Ancient Salt Town Tunnel → Sancha River → Madaozi → Old Salt Mine Site (Approx. 24 km hiking).

Overview

Xuanyuan Ancestral Temple (轩辕祠) is located at the foot of Erwu Mountain (二五山) in Jinding Town (金顶镇), Lanping County (兰坪县), Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture (怒江傈僳族自治州). It serves as the main structure of Xuanyuan Park (轩辕公园). The temple was established in 2002, covering an area of approximately 1,500 square meters, and was funded by the local elderly association of Wenxing Community (文兴社).

Experts have noted that the geographical features of Erwu Mountain closely resemble descriptions in the ancient text “Shanhaijing” (《山海经》). This area is marked by “perpetually snow-capped mountains” and places with unique geological phenomena, such as “no shadow in daylight” and “objects catching fire upon landing.” The landscape in Lanping County runs predominantly north-south, supporting the local legends that attribute the area as a birthplace of Chinese civilization. The names like Guantian (官田), Huangdi Kuo (黄帝口), and Xuanyuan Bridge (轩辕桥) have been associated with ancient heritage, reinforcing the belief that this is the original homeland of the Chinese people. This discovery has gained significant media attention both domestically and internationally, leading to a press conference held by the Yunnan Provincial Propaganda Department in June 1994 to promote the findings.

Historical Significance

According to the “Shanhaijing,” Jinding Town is situated at the site of the ancient Xuanyuan Kingdom (轩辕国). Geographer Fu Yongfa (扶永发) conducted extensive research in the area, culminating in a scholarly work titled “Discovery of Shenzhou: Geographical Research of Shanhaijing” (《神州的发现〈山海经〉地理考》). To promote this ancient cultural heritage and support tourism development, the local elderly association raised over 1.5 million yuan, with backing from county and town officials, to build the Xuanyuan Ancestral Temple complex at the foot of Erwu Mountain.

The architectural design of the temple complex is both rational and unique, featuring the grand Xuanyuan Temple, a pilgrimage path, and stunning natural scenery, making it a significant cultural landmark in Jinding.

Address

No. 3-1 Jinjing Road (金江路), Lanping Baizu and Pumi Autonomous County (兰坪白族普米族自治县), Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture (怒江傈僳族自治州).

Discovery of Xuanyuan’s Hometown

At the end of the 20th century, engineer Fu Yongfa from the Yunnan Provincial Surveying and Mapping Bureau made a groundbreaking discovery after studying the “Shanhaijing.” He identified that the birthplace of the Yellow Emperor (轩辕黄帝) is located in the Erwu Mountain area of Lanping County. This revelation positioned Lanping as a new cultural landmark in Chinese history, emphasizing its role as the true hometown of the Yellow Emperor.

In the early 1990s, a sensational report claimed that Jinding, Lanping, was the birthplace of the Yellow Emperor, sparking widespread attention and intrigue. The Yellow Emperor, a central figure in Chinese mythology, is revered as a founder of numerous ancient civilizations, yet his birthplace has been debated, with various claims across China. The identification of Lanping as his origin raised questions and prompted further exploration into this narrative.

The Significance of Erwu Mountain

The discovery dates back to the late 1980s when Fu Yongfa wrote “Xuanyuan Yellow Emperor Hometown” in red paint on a wooden board at a local site known as San Sheng Guan (三圣官), marking it as a sacred place for the Chinese people. This board has since become a pilgrimage site for visitors.

Fu utilized his expertise in aerial surveying, cartography, and toponymy in his extensive research of the “Shanhaijing,” concluding that the geographical conditions described align with the characteristics of the Hengduan Mountains (横断山脉) in western Yunnan. His findings led to the understanding that the birthplace of the Yellow Emperor is indeed in this region.

Cultural Heritage

The term “Xuanyuan” refers to various landmarks in Lanping, such as Huangdi Kuo (黄帝口) and Xuanyuan Bridge (轩辕桥). The interpretation of Erwu Mountain symbolizes the union of auspicious elements in Chinese cosmology, supporting the narrative of this site as a cradle for significant historical figures. Archaeological findings suggest that human ancestors thrived in this region as early as the late Paleolithic and Neolithic eras.

Conclusion

Fu Yongfa’s book, published in 1992, has since revised and reprinted multiple times, showcasing a new perspective on the “Shanhaijing” and asserting that western Yunnan is a cradle of Chinese civilization. The findings in Lanping affirm the area’s significance in Chinese history and culture.

How to Get There

Traveling to Lanping County can be accomplished via several methods. The nearest airport is in Lijiang (丽江), from which you can take a bus or rent a car to Lanping County. The journey takes about two hours. Additionally, high-speed trains operate between Kunming (昆明) and Lijiang, providing further access to the region.

Travel Tips

1. Best Time to Visit: The ideal time to visit is during spring and autumn when the weather is mild and pleasant.
2. Local Culture: Engage with local customs and traditions, especially around Xuanyuan Ancestral Temple, to deepen your understanding of the cultural significance.
3. Respect the Site: As a place of historical and cultural importance, maintain decorum and respect while visiting the temple.
4. Plan Ahead: Since this area is less commercialized, it’s advisable to plan your accommodations and transport in advance to ensure a smooth trip.

Introduction

The Yushuiping Neolithic Cultural Site ( 兰坪县玉水坪新石器文化遗址) is located in Yushuiping Village (玉水坪村, Yùshuǐpíng Cūn), Tongdian Town (通甸镇, Tōngdiàn Zhèn), Lanping County (兰坪白族普米族自治县, Lánpíng Bái zú Pǔmǐ Zìzhìxiàn), Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture (怒江傈僳族自治州, Nùjiāng Lìsù Zìzhìzhōu), Yunnan Province (云南省, Yúnnán Shěng), China. This archaeological site dates from the Paleolithic to the Neolithic period.

Geographic and Historical Context

The Yushuiping site features Longxue Rock (龙穴岩, Lóngxué Yán), which is oriented north-south, with small hills to the east and north, while the Tongdian River (通甸河, Tōngdiàn Hé) lies to the south and west. A road from Tongdian Town to Hexi Township passes beneath Longxue Rock. The site contains five large caves, known in local folklore as “Dragon Caves” (龙穴, Lóngxué), all of which are limestone caves formed through the dissolution of calcium carbonate.

The upper layers of the site date to the late Neolithic period, while the lower layers date back to the late Paleolithic period, approximately 30,000 to 15,000 years ago. Artifacts found at Yushuiping include pottery shards decorated with net patterns and curves, as well as stone tools such as axes and chisels. Notably, perforated bone needles and tooth artifacts were also discovered, suggesting that early inhabitants engaged in aesthetic activities.

The discovery of Yushuiping has pushed back the history of human activity in Nujiang by at least 10,000 years. It is not only the only Paleolithic site in the region but also one of the most important Neolithic sites in Yunnan for studying the relationship between local and northern Chinese stone tool industries, as well as connections with neighboring Paleolithic cultures.

Historical Development

• 1976: Villagers from Yushuiping excavated the cave while blasting rock to reinforce the riverbank, exposing the site and revealing numerous animal bones.
• 1984: A survey team from Lanping County collected several artifacts, including stone axes and bone needles.
• 2001: Under the guidance of archaeologists, additional Paleolithic artifacts were discovered.
• 2005: The Yunnan Provincial Archaeological Research Institute officially excavated the site, uncovering over 1,000 stone tools and more than 5,000 bone artifacts.

Site Characteristics

Yushuiping is located about 4 kilometers northwest of Tongdian Town, with the nearest road (Weilan Highway) just 10 meters away. The upper layers of the site contain Neolithic artifacts, while the lower layers reveal evidence of Paleolithic life. The site has shown that its ancient inhabitants engaged in hunting, fire use, and rudimentary clothing-making, indicating an early sense of aesthetics.

Artifacts and Findings

• Pottery: Decorated pottery shards with varied thickness and low firing quality; recognizable items include jars.
• Stone Tools: A total of 1,000 stone artifacts, including cores, flakes, and various tools such as scrapers and chisels, primarily made using hammer techniques.
• Bone Artifacts: Over 5,000 bone artifacts, predominantly bone needles and tools, which showcase refined craftsmanship.

Fauna

The mammal fossils found at Yushuiping represent various species common in the southern China region, including species from the late Pleistocene, such as wild rabbits, black bears, and deer.

Research Significance

The discovery of Yushuiping Neolithic Cultural Site has greatly contributed to understanding the history of human activity in Nujiang. It stands as a vital archaeological site for studying the interactions between different stone tool industries across regions.

Protection Measures

On March 5, 2013, the Yushuiping site was designated a key cultural relic protection unit by the State Council of the People’s Republic of China.

Travel Information

How to Get There

Yushuiping Neolithic Cultural Site is accessible via local transportation from Lanping County. Visitors can take a bus or hire a vehicle to Tongdian Town and then proceed to Yushuiping Village.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Spring and autumn are ideal for pleasant weather and clearer visibility.
• Respect the Site: As a protected archaeological site, visitors should refrain from touching artifacts and maintain a respectful demeanor.
• Guided Tours: Consider joining guided tours for deeper insights into the history and significance of the site.
• Bring Supplies: Ensure to carry water and snacks, as amenities may be limited in the area.

Summary of Key Attractions

• Yushuiping Neolithic Cultural Site (玉水坪遗址, Yùshuǐpíng Yízhǐ)
• Longxue Rock (龙穴岩, Lóngxué Yán)
• Tongdian River (通甸河, Tōngdiàn Hé)

Introduction to Yang Yuke

Yang Yuke (杨玉科) was a celebrated patriotic general during the Qing Dynasty (清朝) and a hero in the Franco-Chinese War (抗法战争). He is a source of pride not only for Yunnan (云南) but also for Nujiang (怒江) and Lanping County (兰坪). The former residence of Yang Yuke is located in Yingpan Town (营盘镇), specifically on Yingpan Street (营盘街). Construction of the residence began in the second year of the Guangxu Emperor (光绪) reign (1876), covering an area of approximately 3,200 square meters. The complex consists of three main parts: the Duke’s Mansion (爵府), Cangjiang Academy (沧江书院), and Kuixing Pavilion (魁星阁).

Structure of the Residence

• Duke’s Mansion (爵府): This area occupies 2,500 square meters and contains three courtyards, 72 doors, a screen wall (照壁), and a shrine (祠). It also features a garden with cypress, phoenix trees, and Yunnan pines, as well as the joint tomb of Yang Yuke’s parents, complete with an inscribed stele.
• Cangjiang Academy (沧江书院): This building is designed around a central courtyard and includes the main building, flanking side rooms, and an entrance archway. The academy covers approximately 475 square meters and has inscriptions inside the courtyard.
• Kuixing Pavilion (魁星阁): Built in 1873 with funds donated by Yang Yuke, this pavilion served as a site for the “Chinese Theater Air Defense Information Station” during World War II.

Due to a fire that damaged the Duke’s Mansion, only the screen wall, shrine, trees, tombs, and inscriptions remain today. On December 22, 1998, local leaders funded a statue of Yang Yuke to be erected in front of the shrine.

Historical Background

Yang Yuke (1838-1885) was a renowned patriotic general during the Qing Dynasty. Born in Yingpan Town, he entered the Qing army as a volunteer in the early years of the Tongzhi Emperor’s reign (同治), serving under General He Yaozu (和耀曾). He rose through the ranks due to his accomplishments and was eventually awarded the title of “Liyong Batulu” (励勇巴图鲁) along with a yellow jacket (黄马褂). In early 1885, he fought valiantly against a heavily armed French invasion but ultimately fell in battle, earning posthumous honors.

Cultural Significance

In June 1986, the local government designated Yang Yuke’s former residence as a county-level cultural heritage site. It was later elevated to a state-level site in October 2000 and a provincial-level site in 2003. A management committee was established, and an exhibition hall showcasing Yang Yuke’s history was opened in 2001. Renovations were approved by the provincial government in 2019.

The Exhibition Hall

Stepping into the exhibition hall dedicated to Yang Yuke, visitors are greeted by a solemn atmosphere steeped in history. The walls are adorned with historical texts that transport one back to 1884, during the outbreak of the Franco-Chinese War. Yang Yuke famously defended Guanyinqiao (观音桥) in Liangshan Prefecture (谅山府), successfully defeating thousands of French troops in multiple battles.

In early 1885, faced with overwhelming French forces, Yang Yuke declared, “After a hundred battles, I have now found my destined place to die!” Tragically, he lost his life in combat, and his wife, Niu (牛氏), also perished alongside him. The Qing court posthumously honored him with the title of “Taizi Shaobao” (太子少保) and the epithet “Wumin” (武愍).

The exhibition hall features portraits of Yang Yuke, his title of “Liyong Batulu,” and plaques showcasing his contributions. His legacy is not only that of a military leader but also of a devoted son of the land, having invested in the education and welfare of his hometown.

How to Get There

To reach the Former Residence of Yang Yuke in Yingpan Town:

1. Travel Route: From the county seat of Lanping, take the highway towards Yingpan Town. The distance is approximately 53.8 kilometers, and the drive takes around an hour.
2. Public Transport: Local buses may operate between Lanping County and Yingpan Town, but it’s advisable to check schedules in advance for reliability.
3. Scenic Route: The journey offers picturesque views of the Nujiang River Valley (怒江纵谷), making it a delightful drive.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Spring and autumn provide the best weather for exploring the area and enjoying outdoor activities.
• Photography: Bring a camera to capture the stunning architecture and the beautiful natural surroundings.
• Local Cuisine: Don’t miss the chance to try local Yunnan dishes in nearby eateries.
• Cultural Respect: While visiting, please be respectful of the site’s historical significance and maintain cleanliness.

The Former Residence of Yang Yuke stands as a powerful reminder of the spirit of patriotism and resilience, making it a significant destination for those interested in history and culture.

Introduction

The Tongdian Memorial Site of Rebellion Victory (通甸武装暴动胜利纪念碑) is located in Tongdian Town, Lanping County (兰坪白族普米族自治县), Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture (怒江傈僳族自治州), Yunnan Province (云南省), China. This site, which includes the Tongdian Armed Rebellion Exhibition Hall (通甸武装暴动陈列馆), serves as a municipal-level martyr memorial facility. It is situated north of the Tongdian Caishen Temple (财神殿) in Tongdian Village and south of the current Tongdian Township Government at Nanshan Peak (南山顶).

On May 1, 1949, over 200 members of the Youth League and Farmers’ Anti-Imperialist Association, led by the local committee of the Communist Party, launched an armed uprising against reactionary forces stationed in the Tongdian Caishen Temple. This successful uprising marked the beginning of the liberation of Lanping, making it historically significant.

Historical Background

In order to overthrow the Kuomintang’s reactionary rule in Lanping and to welcome national liberation, many young students from various ethnic groups embraced the democratic revolutionary ideals of the Party. They went into rural areas to promote revolutionary truths and organize resistance, igniting the flames of revolution. The uprising in Tongdian successfully toppled the local puppet regime, signaling the first shot in the liberation of Lanping.

To honor the dedication and sacrifice of those who fought for the liberation of Lanping, a memorial was established. This effort was recognized by the Lanping County Communist Party Committee and the local government on May 1, 1988.

Site Description

The Tongdian Memorial Site features a central monument, which stands 5.1 meters high. The base is 1.9 meters tall and 4.9 meters wide, reflecting the date of the uprising. Surrounded by a serene environment, the site includes a fountain symbolizing prosperity and remembrance.

The exhibition hall showcases historical documents and photographs, helping to preserve the memories of those who fought during this tumultuous period. This space serves as a place of reflection and learning for future generations.

Protection and Recognition

In June 1986, the site was designated a key cultural relic protection unit at the county level, and in March 1988, it received provincial recognition. The memorial has also been established as a patriotic education base within Nujiang Prefecture.

Travel Information

• Location: Tongdian Street, Tongdian Town, Lanping County, Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China.
• Accessibility: The site is accessible by local public transportation or private vehicles. It’s advisable to check local travel schedules and conditions.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Consider visiting during national holidays or events commemorating the uprising for a more immersive experience.
• Respectful Conduct: As this site honors the memory of martyrs, visitors are encouraged to maintain a respectful demeanor.
• Photography: While photography is allowed, please be mindful of the significance of the site when capturing images.
• Engagement: Take the time to read through the exhibition materials and engage with any guided tours offered to deepen your understanding of the local history.

Summary of Key Attractions:

• Tongdian Memorial Site of Rebellion Victory (通甸武装暴动胜利纪念碑)
• Tongdian Armed Rebellion Exhibition Hall (通甸武装暴动陈列馆)
• Tongdian Caishen Temple (通甸财神殿)

This memorial site is not just a place of remembrance but also serves as a critical educational resource, ensuring that the stories of courage and sacrifice are preserved for future generations.

Introduction

Lawuyan Waterfall (腊乌岩瀑布) is one of the stunning waterfalls in Fugong County (福贡县), Nujiang Prefecture (怒江傈僳族自治州). The name “Lawuyan” comes from the Nu ethnic group (怒族) and refers to the area where the Nu people first cultivated the land.

The waterfall features torrents of water cascading down steep cliffs. It flows from the high mountain cliffs, plummeting suddenly at the top of Lawuyan Rock (腊乌岩), creating a dramatic three-tiered waterfall, also known as “San Die Shui” (三叠水). The multiple tiers create a misty spectacle, particularly breathtaking during the summer months.

Geographic Location

• Location: Fugong County (福贡县), Yunnan Province (云南省)
• Open Hours: 8:30 AM to 6:30 PM

Description

Lawuyan Waterfall is situated 2.75 kilometers southeast of Fugong County Town (福贡县城), on the eastern side of Wagu Road (瓦贡公路). The spring water bursts forth from the high cliffs, flowing rapidly down the hard surface of Lawuyan Rock, forming a magical waterfall as it cascades down three distinct tiers.

From a distance, the waterfall resembles countless white jade jewels sparkling as they fall from the sky, creating the illusion of a long white ribbon descending from above and gracefully floating over the lush landscape. The scene is spectacular and mesmerizing.

The name “Lawuyan” is derived from the Nu ethnic group, with “ya” (崖) meaning cliff in Mandarin. Thus, the waterfall at this cliff became known as Lawuyan Waterfall. The waterfall has a total length of 40 meters, with a drop of 35 meters and a water flow rate of 0.3 cubic meters per second. When the sun sets, the refracted light through the mist creates beautiful rainbows on the cliffs, adding to the breathtaking scenery.

Amenities and Activities

Currently, the rice fields west of the waterfall’s pool have been transformed into ethnic-style bamboo lodges, featuring spacious courtyards filled with flowers. This area provides parking, dining, fishing, and relaxation opportunities. During festive occasions, it serves as a reception point for visitors, filled with laughter and cheer.

Before and after dining, many tourists take photos in front of the waterfall, making Lawuyan Waterfall a notable attraction along the Nu River (怒江) journey.

• Address: Fugong County (福贡县), Nujiang Prefecture (怒江傈僳族自治州), Yunnan Province (云南省)
• Open Hours: Open all day
• Entrance Fee: Free

How to Get There

Visitors can take a bus from Nujiang Prefecture (怒江傈僳族自治州) heading towards Fugong County (福贡县). Upon arrival in Fugong County, it is advisable to drive to the scenic area.

Travel Tips

1. Dress Appropriately: Wear comfortable shoes and clothing suitable for walking and potential splashes from the waterfall.
2. Bring a Camera: Capture the stunning views and the vibrant rainbows created by the waterfall’s mist.
3. Stay Hydrated: Carry enough water, especially during the warmer months.
4. Plan for Meals: Consider dining at the bamboo lodges for a local experience.
5. Respect Nature: Follow local guidelines to preserve the beauty of the waterfall and surrounding areas.

Introduction to Bijiang Octagonal Pavilion

For those who have worked in Bijiang County (碧江) or visited Fugong (福贡), the Bijiang Octagonal Pavilion (八角楼) remains a must-see attraction. In many people’s minds, the pavilion symbolizes Bijiang County and is one of the notable tourist spots in the Nujiang Grand Canyon (怒江大峡谷). The pavilion is located 47 kilometers from Fugong County, nestled in the village administrative office area of Zhiziluo (知子罗), on a broad, gentle ridge on the eastern bank of the Nu River (怒江), at the foothills of Biluo Snow Mountain (碧罗雪山).

Architectural Features

The Bijiang Octagonal Pavilion is designed in a style reminiscent of revolutionary sacred sites, specifically modeled after the Daoyi Pavilion (道义楼). Before 1983, a simple flat-roofed building known as Bijiang Pavilion (碧江亭) stood here. In April 1984, with national investment exceeding 200,000 yuan, a three-story octagonal pavilion with a total area of 832 square meters was built, becoming the largest library in Nujiang Prefecture (怒江州).

Scenic Views from the Pavilion

Visitors to the pavilion can enjoy breathtaking panoramic views:

• To the East: The snow-capped peaks of Biluo Snow Mountain and expanses of pristine forest create a picturesque scene.
• To the West: The majestic Gaoligong Mountain (高黎贡山) seems to embrace the surrounding mountains, stretching for thousands of miles.
• To the South: The cliffs rise steeply, with misty waves and unique stone formations creating a dramatic landscape.
• To the North: The rocky peaks surrounding Shiyueliang (石月亮) appear both magnificent and perilous.

Historical Significance

The Bijiang Octagonal Pavilion, with its blue brick and white wall architecture, captures a vibrant past in what is often referred to as the “City of Memories.” Zhiziluo once served as the seat of the Nujiang Prefecture government and the Bijiang County government. However, due to geological disasters, the prefectural capital moved to Liuku (六库), and in 1986, Bijiang County was dissolved, with Zhiziluo merging into Fugong County. This marked the end of an era, turning it into a “ghost town” in the hidden lands of western Yunnan.

A stone tablet in front of the pavilion still bears the marks of that time, featuring slogans and portraits of great leaders, transporting visitors back to the revolutionary era.

How to Get There

To reach Bijiang Octagonal Pavilion from Fugong County:

1. Travel Route: Drive along the road towards Zhiziluo. The journey takes approximately an hour, depending on road conditions.
2. Public Transport: Local buses may be available, but schedules can be irregular. Check locally for current transport options.
3. Scenic Drive: The drive offers beautiful views of the Nu River and surrounding mountains, so take your time to enjoy the scenery.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: The best time to visit is during spring and autumn when the weather is pleasant, and the scenery is particularly beautiful.
• Photography: Bring a camera to capture the stunning landscapes and the unique architecture of the pavilion.
• Local Cuisine: Try local dishes in nearby towns for an authentic culinary experience.
• Respect Nature: As you explore, please respect the local environment and keep the area clean for future visitors.

Brief Introduction

Yeniugu Valley (野牛谷) is located on the eastern side of Gala Bo Village (嘎拉博村) in Cikai Town (茨开镇), Gongshan County (贡山县). A unique wooden bridge spans the Gala Bo River (嘎拉博河), constructed with bamboo in a “厂” shape due to the differing elevations on both sides. The lower side forms a ladder-like structure, while the higher side uses wooden planks as a bridge. Walking on the bridge creates a creaking sound, and looking down, one can see the water crashing against the rocks, making the bridge feel as if it’s swaying. As you leave Yichangduo (依昌夺), you enter the true Yeniugu Valley, where the scenery becomes even more stunning. The ridge features sheer cliffs and various stone formations, such as stone monkeys, stone pillars, and stone bamboo shoots, overwhelming visitors with their beauty. Continuing deeper into the valley reveals a striking stone peak, notably a stone pillar that resembles a gorilla climbing a stump to survey the distant landscape, seemingly welcoming friends to Yeniugu Valley.

Features of Yeniugu Valley

The valley is narrow and elongated, with roads and rivers intertwining throughout. Natural rock formations and ancient trees are scattered everywhere, with boulders towering three meters high along the riverbanks, shaped by the flowing water. Some rocks are adorned with high-altitude moss, their furry surfaces inviting to the touch.

The so-called path is simply a mixture of stones and earth. Following an unnamed route leads you into uncharted territories, to places vaguely marked on the map. Once you venture into the valley, even off-road vehicles may struggle, and mobile signals vanish.

On a blazing sunny day, it’s a perfect time to sit down and feel the weight of the sun. The intense UV rays can cause discomfort, but upon exiting the valley, gazing at a jagged peak formed by glacial deposits offers a refreshing relief from the heat.

Yeniugu Valley, less than thirty kilometers from the county town, is now part of the Dulong cattle breeding outdoor free-range base, making it an ideal spot for camping and off-road experiences. The mysterious allure of this place draws many visitors, promising an unforgettable adventure.

Natural Beauty

The valley features towering snow-capped mountains, breathtaking meadows, and majestic peaks that rise dramatically against the sky. Scenic waterfalls and streams create a picturesque landscape, with flowers blooming vibrantly in a variety of colors. Beehives are quietly positioned at the foot of the mountains.

Yeniugu Valley Half-Mountain Hotel (野牛谷半山酒店) is located in Gala Bo Village (嘎拉博村) in Cikai Town (茨开镇), just 8 kilometers from the county town. It serves as an excellent choice for camping and off-road adventures. With scenic views every few steps, visitors can follow the Gala Bo River (嘎拉博河) deeper into the Bi Luo Snow Mountain (碧罗雪山) area, revealing breathtaking cliffs, soaring stone peaks, and serene alpine lakes. The valley is adorned with crystal-clear mountain springs and numerous waterfalls, complemented by the snow-capped Pudu Mountain (普夺山) and glaciers that persist through the seasons. The sparkling waters of Dongge Lake (咚给嘎湖) and the lush green grass by the lakeside make Yeniugu Valley exceptionally vibrant, while the dense primeval forest and elusive “wild cattle” enhance the valley’s charm.

How to Get There

To reach Yeniugu Valley, travel to Gongshan County (贡山县) and head to Cikai Town (茨开镇). From there, follow the road to Gala Bo Village (嘎拉博村). The valley is accessible by off-road vehicles, so be prepared for rugged terrain. Ensure you have a reliable GPS or a local guide, as mobile signals may be limited in the area.

Travel Tips

1. Prepare for Adventure: Ensure your vehicle is suitable for rough terrain.
2. Stay Hydrated: Bring plenty of water, especially on sunny days.
3. Protect Yourself from the Sun: Wear sunscreen and a hat to shield against UV rays.
4. Capture Memories: Don’t forget your camera to document the stunning landscapes.
5. Respect Nature: Follow local guidelines to preserve the natural beauty of the valley.

Brief Introduction

Moon Waterfall (哈旁瀑布, Hapang Waterfall) is located on China’s side of the China-Myanmar border in the lower reaches of the Dulong River, approximately 3 kilometers from the border. Situated in Dulongjiang Town (独龙江乡, Dulongjiang), it lies 30 kilometers from Bapo (巴坡, Bapo). In the Dulong language, it is referred to as ‘Habayicheng’ (哈巴依称), which translates to “shiny water falling from the sky.” The waterfall cascades from an elevation of 3,100 meters to 1,400 meters above sea level, forming a stunning drop of 200 meters in height and 20 meters in width. Each October night, the moon illuminates the waterfall, creating a magical scene reminiscent of Chang’e dancing with the water’s song, hence its name—Moon Waterfall.

Features of Moon Waterfall

From the high ground of Qinlangdang (钦朗当, Qinlangdang) village, visitors can catch a glimpse of the Moon Waterfall as it flows towards the boundary. After a half-hour walk along the path to the No.41 boundary monument, one can stand beneath the waterfall. A powerful stream of water gushes from a height of over 120 meters, crashing onto the rocks along the Dulong River. Under the sunlight, a rainbow of colors reflects off the lush green mountains and flowing water, creating a vivid and majestic landscape.

The Moon Waterfall’s water volume varies significantly. During the rainy season in May and June, the water flow is immense, creating thunderous sounds as it plummets into the Dulong River, sending waves of air crashing to the opposite shore, shaking the branches of nearby trees. The waterfall is found at the southernmost end of Dulongjiang Township, in Makou Village (马库村, Makou), with the China-Myanmar border just a few kilometers further.

Numerous waterfalls can be found along the Dulong River, each with unique shapes and sizes. Some hang from steep cliffs, shining brightly against the dark green backdrop, while others are hidden in dense forests, creating a dynamic and refreshing scene.

The Moon Waterfall is one of the most spectacular and accessible waterfalls in the area, with locals having carved a path at the cliff’s base, allowing visitors to walk through the waterfall and feel the powerful rush of water crashing against the rocks. This experience lets visitors feel the cool mist of water on their faces as it splashes into the air.

During the dry season, the waterfall’s width reduces to about 20 meters, but from May to August, it swells to a massive torrent, with water cascading down from about 160.6 meters high. Close to the waterfall, the air is filled with mist, creating an ethereal atmosphere.

In bright sunlight, the colorful rainbow and green mountains create a stunning visual tapestry. The Moon Waterfall is tranquil yet beautiful, resembling silk and mist, and the Dulong River flows into Myanmar from here.

Scenic Beauty

The waterfall, situated between steep peaks near the China-Myanmar border, plunges like a white silk ribbon from over 160 meters high. The force of the water crashing into the Dulong River produces a resounding roar, with mist flying across the landscape.

The term “Hapang” in the Dulong language refers to “a massive flow of water crashing down from a sheer cliff, impossible for people to pass through.” Each full moon night, the moonlight reflects off the waterfall, resembling a celestial river flowing from the moon, earning it the poetic name “Habayicai,” or “Moon Waterfall.”

Accessibility

The road from Dulongjiang Township to Makou Village follows the Dulong River and is the only route available. While the scenery is pristine, a rugged off-road vehicle is necessary for travel. Visitors are drawn here for its proximity to the border, providing glimpses of border landscapes and cultural exchanges between the two countries.

The Moon Waterfall is a hidden gem in the Dulongjiang region, offering unspoiled beauty due to its remote location. After reaching the waterfall, travelers can continue to the No.41 boundary monument to enjoy the scenic border view.

Travel Tips

• How to Get There: To reach Moon Waterfall, travel to Dulongjiang Township via G219 and Gunjie Road. Note that entry is restricted to 300 visitors per day, so advance reservations are essential. Bring identification for verification upon arrival.
• Travel Tips:
  • Bring a camera to capture the stunning scenery.
  • Visit during the rainy season for the most impressive water flow.
  • Wear sturdy footwear for the rocky paths and consider bringing rain gear due to the mist near the waterfall.
  • Respect local customs and the environment while exploring.