Overview

Fenglin Mountain Peaks (罗平峰林, Luópíng Fēnglín) is a stunning karst landscape located in the eastern part of Yunnan Province, China. Covering an area of approximately 1,000 square kilometers, it is situated at the junction of Yunnan, Guangxi, and Guizhou provinces, earning the nicknames “Gateway to Eastern Yunnan” and “Lock of Yunnan and Guizhou.”

The area is characterized by deep gorges and valleys interspersed with盆岭 (pén lǐng), and a widespread presence of carbonate rocks, showcasing a classic karst landform that has attracted many visitors.

Basic Information

• Name in Chinese: 罗平峰林 (Luópíng Fēnglín)
• Famous Attractions:
  • Jinji Peak Cluster (金鸡峰丛, Jīnjī Fēngcóng)
  • Shiwandashan (十万大山, Shíwàn Dàshān)
  • Wild Monkey Valley (野猴谷, Yěhóu Gǔ)
• Other Names:
  • Gateway to Eastern Yunnan (滇东门户, Diān Dōng Ménhù)
  • Lock of Yunnan and Guizhou (滇黔锁钥, Diān Qián Suǒyuè)
• Region: Yunnan Province (云南省, Yúnnán Shěng)
• Area: 1,000 km²
• Ethnic Minorities: Bouyei (布依族, Bùyīzú), Miao (苗族, Miáozú), Yi (彝族, Yízú)

Key Attractions

Jinji Peak Cluster (金鸡峰丛, Jīnjī Fēngcóng)

This is the core scenic area of Fenglin, where mountains connect in endless chains. Visitors can explore various formations, including:

• “Golden Rooster Heralding Dawn”: A stunning peak that is reminiscent of a rooster announcing the morning.
• “Fairy on the Cliff”: A breathtaking viewpoint where the scenery appears almost ethereal.
• “Buddha’s Lecture”: A spiritually uplifting soundscape that echoes throughout the area.
• “Double Lions Playing”: A playful formation that draws many visitors.

Under sunlight, the sharp peaks and deep ravines create a mesmerizing landscape that feels almost otherworldly.

Oilseed Rape Flower Sea

In spring, the fields of oilseed rape (油菜花, yóucài huā) bloom, transforming the landscape into a golden sea. The vibrant yellow flowers create a stunning contrast against the blue sky, and the scent fills the air. This phenomenon attracts thousands of tourists annually, turning the area into one of the most photographed landscapes in Yunnan.

Jiulong Waterfall Group (九龙瀑布, Jiǔlóng Pùbù)

Located 22 kilometers northeast of Luoping County, the Jiulong Waterfall is a majestic sight with ten waterfalls of varying sizes and shapes. The sound of water crashing down creates a thunderous symphony that enhances the area’s natural beauty.

Duoyi River (多依河, Duōyī Hé)

Although only 12 kilometers long, the Duoyi River showcases stunning landscapes. Its winding path flows gently through the mountains, creating picturesque views. Visitors can enjoy bamboo rafting on the river while surrounded by vibrant flowers and lush greenery.

Unique Cultural Aspects

Luoping is home to several ethnic groups, including the Bouyei and Yi. The Yi people are particularly known for their hospitality and rich traditions. They have many festivals throughout the year, such as the Torch Festival (火把节, Huǒbǎ Jié), celebrated with traditional music, dance, and sports events.

Bouyei women are renowned for their embroidery skills, a tradition that dates back to the Ming Dynasty. Their colorful patterns often feature natural themes and are an integral part of their cultural heritage.

Shopping and Culinary Delights

Local Products

When visiting Luoping, consider bringing back jars of locally produced honey as souvenirs.

Traditional Dishes

• Tender rapeseed sprouts (嫩油菜芽)
• Fresh rapeseed flowers (鲜油菜花)
• Bamboo rice cakes (布依族竹裹粑粑)
• Smoked meat (烟熏肉)
• Pig’s feet stew with sweet potatoes (猪脚炖白薯)

Specialties

Luoping’s famous “Three Yellows” refer to its traditional products: small yellow ginger (小黄姜), vegetable oil (菜油), and honey (蜂蜜).

Travel Tips

Getting There

Fenglin Mountain Peaks is accessible by car, with two main routes available from Guizhou and Kunming. A scenic loop of 125 kilometers connects attractions like the Oilseed Rape Flower Sea, Jiulong Waterfall Group, and other key sites. Visitors can join local travel agencies for organized tours or opt for self-guided adventures.

Accommodation

Luoping offers a range of accommodations, from budget hostels to more upscale hotels.

Nightlife

The local bars in Luoping City provide a relaxed atmosphere for evening leisure.

Travel Etiquette

As Luoping is home to various ethnic minorities, it’s essential to respect local customs and traditions while visiting.

Essentials to Pack

Given Luoping’s strong sunlight, especially in areas like Duoyi River, visitors should bring sun protection, such as umbrellas and sunscreen.

Fenglin Mountain Peaks in Luoping County is a unique destination that combines breathtaking natural beauty with rich cultural experiences. From vibrant flower fields to impressive waterfalls, it offers something for every traveler.

Huize Park会泽公园, located in Huize County (会泽县), Qujing (曲靖), is a captivating blend of leisure and cultural experiences. The park features a picturesque landscape of mountains, clear waters, towering trees, and lush green lawns. It is designed to accommodate various recreational activities, with several distinct areas, including the entrance scenic area, central square, cultural and sports area, children’s play area, and water features. The entrance is characterized by eight elegantly carved stone columns, arranged in a dragon motif, which are inscribed with the phrase “会集百家、泽润千代” (“Gathering Hundreds of Families, Nourishing Generations”). In the center, a colorful stone plaque boldly displays “Huize Park” (会泽公园).

Scenic Features

Central Square and Column Arrangement

Situated in the heart of Huize County, the park’s expansive square, after a fresh rain, gleams with purity, reflecting the undulating clouds and the lively crowds. The eight pristine white stone columns are symmetrically arranged on either side of the square, adorned with intricate dragon carvings that give them a majestic appearance. The dragons seem to come alive, their scales shimmering as they ascend, their heads held high as if ready to leap into the sky.

Ancient Coin Monument

In the center of the square stands an enormous ancient coin, engraved with the words “嘉靖通宝” (“Jiajing Tongbao”). This large coin, tarnished by time, symbolizes Huize’s rich cultural heritage and history as a center for copper production. A grand iron bridge spans the coin, where locals often squeeze through, affectionately known as “钻钱眼” (“drilling through the coin hole”), symbolizing good fortune and prosperity. From the bridge, visitors are treated to panoramic views of the park, where modern elegance and classical beauty coexist in perfect harmony.

Majestic Views

As visitors descend the bridge and stand behind the colossal ancient coin, the impressive structure leaves a profound impact. Sitting on a rustic wooden bench, guests can admire the striking statue of Tang Jiyao (唐继尧), a prominent historical figure. He is depicted wearing a sword, mounted on a spirited horse, gazing towards the distant mountains, representing bravery and vision.

Natural Surroundings

Behind the park rises a lush hill, blanketed with dense foliage that creates a thick canopy, blocking out sunlight and creating a cool retreat. This area is perfect for those seeking tranquility away from the bustling park.

Historical Significance

Entering the national-level historical and cultural city of Huize, visitors can hike up Jinzhong Mountain (金钟山) for a panoramic view of the county. From this vantage point, the gigantic ancient coin in Huize Park is easily visible. Modeled after the world’s largest ancient coin, “Jiajing Tongbao,” crafted in Huize, it stands at an impressive height of 22.62 meters and weighs 7777 kilograms, magnified 39 times its original size.

“Jiajing Tongbao” was created during the Ming Dynasty (明代), specifically in the Jiajing period. It was minted in the 34th year of Jiajing (1555) and is recognized as the largest, heaviest, and thickest ancient metal coin in existence, classified as a first-class national cultural relic. This remarkable coin serves as a testament to Huize’s historical significance in copper mining, smelting, and coin minting, reinforcing the city’s title as the “Hometown of Money Kings” and an “Ancient City of Ming and Qing Dynasties.”

Huize Park beautifully encapsulates the historical and natural landscapes of Huize, creating a bridge between the past and the future.

Entrance Features

The entrance area is adorned with the eight dragon columns, inscribed with “会集百家、泽润千代,” which resonates with the motto of Yunnan University, founded by Tang Jiyao. Beyond the massive ancient coin, visitors can cross the rainbow bridge, where the statue of General Tang Jiyao stands proudly, adding to the park’s rich historical ambiance.

Night View

As night descends and the park illuminates with vibrant lights, the ancient coin appears even more enchanting. The park transforms into a dazzling display reminiscent of “the street market in the sky” as described by poet Guo Moruo (郭沫若). Visitors can enjoy the view of the illuminated coin while crossing the rainbow bridge, symbolizing prosperity and connecting the ancient with the modern.

Visitor Information

• Duration: 1-3 hours, depending on your interests.
• Location: 399 Tongbao Road, Huize County, Qujing, Yunnan Province (云南省曲靖市会泽县通宝路399号)

Nearby Attractions

1. Dahai Caoshan (大海草山): A scenic area offering expansive meadows and stunning natural beauty, ideal for a day’s excursion.

One-Day Tour Itinerary

1. Dahai Caoshan:
   • Description: Part of the Wumeng Mountain range, this area features gentle slopes with vast meadows that bloom in spring and remain lush in summer.
   • Duration: Approximately 6 hours.
2. Huize Park:
   • Entrance Fee: Free.
   • Highlights: Home to the world’s largest ancient coin and rich historical significance.
   • Duration: Approximately 3 hours.

Local Cuisine

• Halal Fuyuan Copper Pot Beef (清真·富源铜锅牛肉): This dish features tender beef served with a spicy dipping sauce, combining elements of hot pot and barbecue, and is known for its generous portions and delightful flavors.

Accommodation Recommendation

• Huize Peninsula Hotel (会泽半岛酒店): Conveniently located near the ancient city of Huize, this hotel offers clean, comfortable rooms with friendly service, making it a great place to rest and relax.

Local Specialties

1. Qujing Bamboo Fungus (曲靖竹荪): A valuable natural edible fungus, often featured in imperial cuisine.
2. Qujing Fu Family Condiments (曲靖傅家调料): Unique flavors combining sweet and salty with a hint of spice, ideal for enhancing various dishes.
3. Huize Maca Dried Root (会泽玛咖干): Known for its high nutritional value, this product is celebrated as a gift from the Andes.

How to Get There

• By Car: Take the G85 highway towards Huize County and follow local signage to reach Huize Park.
• By Public Transport: Regular bus services operate from Qujing city center to Huize County.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Early mornings offer a serene atmosphere before the crowds arrive, making for a peaceful experience.
• Footwear: Wear comfortable shoes for walking, as the park is quite expansive with numerous pathways.
• Photography: Bring a camera to capture the stunning landscapes and historical monuments throughout the park.
• Weather Considerations: Check the local weather forecast before your visit to ensure a pleasant day outdoors.

Overview

Xianrendong (仙人洞), or the Fairy Cave, is located about 10 kilometers east of Luoxiong Town (罗雄镇) in Luoping County (罗平县), Qujing City (曲靖市), Yunnan Province (云南省). The cave is estimated to have four layers. Initially, the entrance appeared as a narrow crack, making it difficult for most people to enter. However, after some excavation, it has become accessible. The first layer covers an area of approximately 120 square meters and is brightly illuminated, thanks to a “Sky Hole” (通天洞) with a diameter of about 30 centimeters in its dome.

Main Attractions

Upon entering the cave, visitors are greeted by a stunning display known as the “Pumpkin Necklace” (南瓜项链), which elegantly hangs from the ceiling, creating a majestic atmosphere. To the left of the entrance, strange rock formations add to the cave’s mystical charm, and there is an additional passageway about the width of a person.

Continuing deeper into the cave, you will encounter a winding path that leads to the second layer. Descending further brings you to the third layer, where you must cross the entrance to the fourth layer and ascend again. Just a short distance away, you will discover a natural stalactite Buddha mural, vividly colored and lifelike, believed to signify the arrival of celestial beings, hence the name “Fairy Cave.”

The entrance to the fourth layer descends vertically, measuring approximately 2 meters by 2 meters. You may hear the gentle sound of flowing water; tossing a stone into the darkness reveals a profound silence. Some have attempted to explore this depth using ropes but were unable to reach the bottom.

Geographic Environment

Luoxiong Town (罗雄镇) is located at the intersection of Yunnan (云南), Guizhou (贵州), and Guangxi (广西) provinces, often referred to as the “Eastern Yunnan Heavy Town” (滇东重镇), the “Key to Yunnan and Guizhou” (滇黔锁钥), and “Three Provinces Crowing at Dawn” (鸡鸣三省). It serves as a central town that integrates urban, plain, mountainous, semi-mountainous, and high-altitude areas, acting as a significant distribution center for goods among the three provinces.

The town governs 23 village committees, 120 natural villages, and 239 village resident groups. It hosts over 160 governmental units from central, provincial, municipal, and county levels, making it the political, economic, and cultural center of Luoping County. The total household count is 31,836, with a population of 113,128, including 79,223 agricultural residents. The cultivated land spans 68,313.59 acres, with 15,148.5 acres of paddy fields and 53,165.09 acres of dry land. The total land area is 379.9 square kilometers.

Luoxiong Town leverages its abundant resources and strategic location, actively implementing four major strategies: promoting education and technology for town development, tourism-driven growth, urbanization, and comprehensive openness. The town is accelerating urbanization and agricultural industrialization processes while seizing opportunities for development. Key focuses include:

• Urban construction centered on the county seat.
• Agricultural infrastructure development emphasizing high-yield farming.
• Establishing livestock bases focusing on pigs, cattle, and sheep.
• Developing vegetable bases emphasizing plastic film and greenhouse vegetables.
• Supporting individual and private economic growth in construction materials, transportation, food processing, and commercial services.
• Cultivating six major industries: grain, tobacco, oilseed rape, livestock, vegetables, and individual private economy.

The goal is to transform Luoxiong Town into a center of economic development, public safety, social harmony, and environmental beauty.

How to Get There

To reach Xianrendong Fairy Cave, you can fly into Qujing City and then take a taxi or a local bus to Luoping County. Once in Luoping, local transport options, such as taxis or tour buses, can be arranged to take you to the cave.

Travel Tips

• Dress Appropriately: Wear comfortable clothing and sturdy shoes suitable for cave exploration and uneven terrain.
• Stay Hydrated: Carry enough water and snacks, especially if you plan on spending an extended time exploring.
• Respect Nature: Follow local guidelines to preserve the cave’s natural environment and geological formations.
• Plan for Weather: Check the local weather forecast before your trip, as conditions can change quickly in cave environments.
• Safety Precautions: Be cautious while navigating the cave and avoid straying too far from marked paths.

Overview

The Tiankeng Sinkhole (天坑) is an extraordinary natural feature located in Shiren Village (石仁村) within the Hai Feng Wetland (海峰湿地) of Zhanyi District (沾益县), Qujing City (曲靖市), Yunnan Province (云南省). This site boasts a remarkable cluster of large vertical and funnel-shaped sinkholes, which are considered rare both in Yunnan and across China. Among the numerous sinkholes in the area, the three most prominent ones have a maximum diameter of about 200 meters and reach depths of up to 184 meters. Inside the sinkholes, you can find ancient ferns dating back to the dinosaur era, alongside unique cave formations at the bottom.

Natural and Cultural Landscape

Zhanyi County (沾益县) is situated in eastern Yunnan Province and serves as the origin of the Pearl River (珠江), the third largest river in China. The area is renowned for its diverse natural and cultural attractions, highlighted by the Pearl River Source Scenic Area (珠江源风景区). This region features a stunning array of natural landscapes, including Taoyuan Cave (桃源洞), Huashan Lake (花山湖), Tiansheng Cave (天生洞), the Colorful Canyon (七彩峡谷), and the Niulan River Canyon (牛栏江小峡谷). The sinkholes are complemented by a unique Karst wetland ecosystem, showcasing a harmonious blend of geological and biological diversity.

Geological Features

The Tiankeng Sinkholes are predominantly located near Dazhuqing (大竹箐), presenting a variety of shapes and sizes. The unique formation of these underground landforms, particularly within the Hai Feng Provincial Nature Reserve (海峰省级自然保护区), creates vertical or funnel-like walls, offering an intriguing sight for visitors and researchers alike.

Sinkhole Measurements

According to the report “Comprehensive Investigation of Hai Feng Nature Reserve” in Yunnan Province, the following measurements were documented for the most significant sinkholes:

• Sinkhole I (大毛寺): Area of 0.85 hectares, elevation of 2120 meters, maximum depth of 184 meters, average depth of 152 meters.
• Sinkhole II (中毛寺): Area of 0.54 hectares, elevation of 2100 meters, maximum depth of 133 meters, average depth of 108 meters.
• Sinkhole III (小毛寺): Area of 0.51 hectares, elevation of 2080 meters, maximum depth of 78 meters, average depth of 54 meters.

The remarkable concentration and depth of these sinkholes are unparalleled within the province, featuring unique forest ecosystems at the bottom that are rare across the nation.

Unique Ecosystem

The deep sinkholes create a closed environment that exhibits higher humidity, reduced winds, limited sunlight, lower summer temperatures, and higher winter temperatures compared to the surface. This unique habitat results in a plant coverage of nearly 100%, showcasing a complex structure of the food chain and nutrient cycles. Preliminary studies have identified 48 families, 70 genera, and 79 species of vascular plants in the sinkholes. Dominant tree species belong to the Lauraceae and Magnoliaceae families, with heights ranging from 15 to 20 meters and diameters between 20 to 30 centimeters.

The vegetation in these sinkhole forests forms distinctive communities due to the specific habitat conditions, differing significantly from the region’s typical semi-humid evergreen broadleaf forests. Consequently, the sinkhole clusters and their forested bottoms are considered invaluable natural heritage, holding significant ecological, genetic, biological, geological, meteorological, and hydrological research value.

Reputation

The Hai Feng Wetland Nature Reserve, located in Dapo Township (大坡乡) of Zhanyi County, spans an area of 27,846 hectares, with a designated scenic area of 6.67 square kilometers. This typical Karst wetland landscape combines mountains, water, forests, rocks, caves, ponds, and grasslands, featuring towering cliffs interspersed with various migratory birds. This unique combination has earned it the nickname “Little Guilin of Yunnan.”

Travel Recommendations

Day Trip Itineraries:

1. Itinerary One: Zhanyi → Caiyun Cave Scenic Area (彩云洞风景区) → Bole 95 Uprising Memorial Hall (播乐九五起义纪念馆) → Pearl River Source Scenic Area (珠江源风景区)
2. Itinerary Two: Zhanyi → Hongzhai Primitive Forest (红寨原始森林) → Hai Feng Wetland → Colorful Canyon → Tiankeng
3. Itinerary Three: Zhanyi → Yulin Mountain Park (玉林山公园) → Tiansheng Cave Park (天生洞公园) → Jiulong Impression (九龙印象) → Hunsuiping Tourist Town (浑水塘旅游小镇) → Station Memory (车站记忆) → Xihe Park (西河公园) → Red Tile House (红瓦房)
4. Itinerary Four: Zhanyi → Baishui Small Stone Forest (白水小石林) → Dezhuang Manor (德庄庄园)

Two-Day Trip Itinerary:

Day 1: Zhanyi → Caiyun Cave Scenic Area → Bole 95 Uprising Memorial Hall → Pearl River Source Scenic Area
Day 2: Pearl River Source Scenic Area → Dezhuang Manor → Hunsuiping Tourist Town → Jiulong Impression → Station Memory → Xihe Park → Red Tile House

Three-Day Trip Itinerary:

Day 1: Zhanyi → Caiyun Cave Scenic Area → Xixia Primitive Forest → Bole 95 Uprising Memorial Hall → Pearl River Source Scenic Area
Day 2: Pearl River Source Scenic Area → Baishui Small Stone Forest → Dezhuang Manor
Day 3: Dezhuang Manor → Hongzhai Primitive Forest → Hai Feng Wetland → Hunsuiping Tourist Town → Jiulong Impression → Tiansheng Cave Park → Station Memory → Yulin Mountain Park → Xihe Park → Red Tile House

How to Get There

To reach the Tiankeng Sinkhole, you can fly into Qujing City and take a taxi or local transport to Zhanyi District. Long-distance buses from major cities in Yunnan to Zhanyi County are also available. Once in Zhanyi, local transport options, such as taxis or tour buses, can be arranged to visit specific attractions.

Travel Tips

• Dress Appropriately: Wear comfortable clothing and sturdy shoes suitable for hiking and exploring uneven terrain.
• Stay Hydrated: Carry enough water and snacks, especially if you plan on hiking or spending extended time outdoors.
• Respect Nature: Follow local guidelines and regulations to preserve the natural environment and wildlife.
• Plan for Weather: Check the local weather forecast before your trip, as conditions can change quickly in the region.
• Cultural Sensitivity: Be respectful of local customs and traditions, particularly when visiting cultural sites.

Taiyehu Lake Park (太液湖公园) is located in the center of Luoping County (罗平县), Qujing (曲靖市). It is the site of one of Luoping’s famous historical sights, “Taiye Chengbo” (太液澄波). The park is divided into four main sections: the main entrance square, Lushan Fairy Square (腊山仙子广场), the island in the lake, and a children’s playground.

Park Design and Features

The entire park is designed according to landscape aesthetics, incorporating modern architectural styles, creating a strong contemporary ambiance. The unique shapes within the park, combined with distinct landscaping art, make it an ideal place for leisure and entertainment.

One of Luoping’s Ten Ancient Sights

“Taiye Chengbo” is considered a cherished location in Luoping, often described as a “white moonlight” in the hearts of its people. After exploring the scenic spots and enjoying the diverse ethnic customs, visiting Taiyehu Lake Park allows you to experience a different charm of Luoping.

Historical Significance

Taiyehu Lake Park occupies about 120 acres, located next to the main thoroughfare, Jiulong Avenue (九龙大道), in Luoping County. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, locals planted willows and pines along the lake’s shores, raised fish and shrimp in the waters, and cultivated lotus flowers, creating a picturesque scene that attracted many poets and scholars. They expressed their feelings through poetry, enriching the cultural heritage of this ancient landscape.

For example, Qing Dynasty scholar Yang Chunlin wrote: “The lake water is clear, reflecting the blue sky,
Lashan’s (腊山) shadow mirrored in the serene waves.”

The park houses eighteen stone tablets that record significant events and the brief history of Luoping, preserving the stories that have unfolded in this area and conveying a sense of historical weight.

Park Attractions

The park consists of ten main sections:

• Main Entrance Square
• Lake Heart Pavilion (湖心阁)
• Lotus Garden Corridor (荷苑走廊)
• Health Trail (健康步道)
• Scenic Walkways (景观栈桥)
• Nine-Hole Bridge (九孔桥)
• Lushan Fairy (腊山仙子)
• Green Spaces (绿化)
• Musical Fountain (音乐喷泉)
• Night Lighting (夜景灯光)

In the early morning, Taiyehu Lake is a great place for exercise, with groups practicing Tai Chi and aerobics. By noon, the lake offers a tranquil scene with clear waters reflecting the sky, making it a pleasure to stroll along the shore. On weekend evenings, the park attracts crowds who gather to watch the fountains dance to the rhythm of music.

In the northwest corner, Lushan Academy (腊山书院) serves as a stage where traditional music performances are held weekly, drawing audiences to enjoy the shows. The western area has been expanded to feature an outdoor stage, while the southwestern corner retains the Lushan Fairy Square, complete with small sculptures of young monks practicing martial arts, which children love to interact with.

Although Taiyehu Lake Park is not very large, it encompasses the elements of traditional Chinese garden architecture, including pavilions, bridges, flowing water, and flower gardens, making it a compact yet exquisite site.

Travel Tips

When visiting, please remember to wear masks and take personal protective measures to avoid crowding.

Historical Background

Taiyehu Lake was initiated in the 15th year of the Wanli Era (1587) by Huang Yu (黄宇), the governor of Luoping. Originally, it was built to prevent fires and improve irrigation. Over the centuries, the lake has undergone several reconstructions. Today, the park features a diverse range of trees, flowers, and recreational facilities, providing a harmonious natural setting that emphasizes green, ecological, and livable urban culture—making it a perfect spot for leisure and free to the public.

Getting There

The park is located at 373 Longmen Street (龙门街), Luoxiong Street (罗雄街道), Luoping County, Qujing City, Yunnan Province (云南省曲靖市罗平县罗雄街道龙门街373号), directly opposite the Luoping People’s Hospital (罗平县人民医院).

Time Required for Visit

Plan to spend about 1-3 hours exploring the park.

Overview

The Shicheng Association Tablet (石城会盟碑, Shíchéng Huìméngbēi), also known as the Duan Clan and Thirty-Seven Tribes Alliance Tablet (段氏与三十七部会盟碑, Duànshì yǔ Sānshíqī Bù Huìméngbēi), is located in the Cuan Bei Pavilion (爨碑亭, Cuàn Bēitíng) within the Qujing No. 1 Middle School (曲靖市第一中学, Qǔjìng Shì Dì Yī Zhōngxué) in Qujing City (曲靖市, Qǔjìng Shì), Yunnan Province (云南省, Yúnnán Shěng). It was erected in the third year of the Mingzheng reign (明政, Míngzhèng) of the Dali Kingdom (大理国, Dàlǐ Guó) by Duan Su Shun (段素顺) in 971 AD.

The tablet is rectangular, measuring 1.25 meters in height, 0.58 meters in width, and 0.16 meters in thickness, and it has no pedestal. The inscription consists of 212 characters, divided into two parts: the upper section contains the main text, while the lower section lists official titles. This tablet is not only an important artifact in Dali’s history but also a valuable resource for the study of ethnic relations.

On March 4, 1961, the Shicheng Association Tablet was announced by the State Council of the People’s Republic of China (中华人民共和国国务院, Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó Guówùyuàn) as one of the first batch of national key cultural relics protected units.

Key Details

• Chinese Name: 段氏与三十七部会盟碑
• Geographical Location: 云南省曲靖市曲靖市第一中学爨碑亭内
• Historical Period: 大理 (937-1094年)
• Protection Level: 第一批全国重点文物保护单位
• Also Known As: 石城会盟碑, 盟誓碑
• Approval Authority: 中华人民共和国国务院
• Catalog Number: 1-0129-4-005

Historical Background

The Shicheng Association Tablet was established during the third year of the Mingzheng reign (明政, Míngzhèng) of the Dali Kingdom (大理国, Dàlǐ Guó) in 971 AD. In the 18th year of the Kangxi era (康熙, Kāngxī) (1679), the tablet was unearthed and initially placed in the Wuhou Temple (武侯祠, Wǔhóu Cí) outside the north gate of Qujing. In the 29th year of the Daoguang era (道光, Dàoguāng) (1849), Yu Huaixin (喻怀信) and others moved the tablet inside the city to the Kui Pavilion (奎阁, Kuí Gé) (now part of the affiliated No. 1 Primary School, as the Kui Pavilion has been demolished), embedding it in the wall of the main hall and inscribing a record of its discovery and relocation.

During the warlord conflicts in Yunnan in 1927, the tablet nearly faced destruction. In January 1937, to welcome a visiting delegation from the Nanjing government via the Jing-Dian highway, the Yunnan Provincial Department of Education allocated funds to construct a pavilion at Qujing Middle School (now Qujing No. 1 Middle School), where the surviving “Shicheng Association Tablet” and the Cuan Baozi Tablet (爨宝子碑, Cuàn Bǎozǐ Bēi) were relocated for preservation.

Artifact Features

The Shicheng Association Tablet is rectangular, measuring 1.25 meters high, 0.58 meters wide, and 0.16 meters thick, with no pedestal. The inscription is divided into two sections: the upper section has 11 lines written in regular script, while the lower section has 8 lines in semi-cursive script. This unusual writing format is rare in ancient inscriptions.

Inscription Text

The full text of the inscription is as follows:

明政三年，岁次辛未，宣谕足屈奉承统率戎行，委服恩，抚安边塞。是以剪除辶众镇长奇宗、求州首领代连弄、兔覆磨乃等三邑，统置辶众镇。以二月八日回军，至三月七日到石城，更讨打贼郎羽兮、阿房田洞，合集卅七部女考伽诺、十二将弄略等，于四月九日斫罗沙一遍，兼颁赐职赏。故迺共约盟誓，务存久长，上对众圣之鉴知，下揆一德而血占血。

Three armies’ chief commander, Prince Bu Xie Duan Zi Wang (长皇叔布燮段子王示), and others such as Duan Yan Zhen (段彦贞), and various officials, are listed in the inscription.

Importance of the Tablet

The tablet documents the alliance and oath taken by the Duan clan with 37 tribal leaders to suppress rebellion in places like Apang and Dongtian after receiving the imperial edict from the Song Dynasty. This significant historical event is critical for understanding Dali’s military and political history. The writing style of the inscription is also renowned for its strength and elegance.

Preservation Measures

On March 4, 1961, the Shicheng Association Tablet was designated by the State Council of the People’s Republic of China as one of the first batch of national key cultural relics protected units.

Travel Information

Location

The Shicheng Association Tablet is located within the Cuan Bei Pavilion in Qujing No. 1 Middle School, Qujing City, Yunnan Province.

How to Get There

• By Car: Depart from the Qujing City People’s Government, passing through Wenchang Street (文昌街, Wénchāng Jiē) and Jianshe Road (建设路, Jiànshè Lù). It is approximately 1.1 kilometers and will take about 5 minutes by car.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Aim to visit during weekdays for a quieter experience.
• Duration: Allow at least 1-2 hours for your visit to fully explore the pavilion and the artifacts.
• Respect the Site: Be mindful of the cultural significance of the tablet and its surroundings.
• Photography: Check for any restrictions on photography inside the pavilion.
• Pre-Visit Research: Familiarizing yourself with the history of the Dali Kingdom and the significance of the tablet will enhance your visit.

Overview

The Huize Hongse Culture Exhibition Hall (会泽红色文化展览馆) was established in October 2005 by Zhang Shouzhen (张守政), a military veteran who served in the Sino-Vietnamese War, and Li Xingrong (李兴荣), a retired soldier. It holds the distinction of being Yunnan Province’s first privately founded, non-profit red culture exhibition hall. The hall is themed “Iron Flow Surging” and comprises four main sections:

1. Red Army Long March Historical Sites (红军长征史迹)
2. National Defense and Military Construction (国防和军队建设)
3. Party Style and Clean Governance (党风廉政建设)
4. Education in Ideology and Morality (思想道德教育)

With a solemn atmosphere, rich content, detailed historical documentation, and profound significance, the exhibition hall is the most extensive individual red culture exhibition in Yunnan to date.

Exhibition Hall Features

Size and Layout

The Huize Hongse Culture Exhibition Hall spans an impressive 1,200 square meters and is composed of three major exhibition zones and twelve exhibition rooms. It houses over 100,000 exhibits that provide a comprehensive look at party history, military history, integrity culture, and ideological education.

Architectural Style

The architectural design is a unique blend of Chinese and Western influences, featuring a two-courtyard layout that includes:

• Entrance Gate (品级门)
• Front Garden (前花园)
• Main Hall (中堂)
• Back Hall (后堂)
• Rear Garden (后花园)

The building was originally owned by Zhang Zijia (张子佳), a prominent figure during the Republic of China era. Visitors are invited to journey through a “tunnel of time,” exploring revolutionary history and experiencing the patriotism and heroism of previous generations.

Guided Tour

We were honored to have Mr. Li Xingrong lead the tour of the thematic exhibition. The hall showcases numerous red cultural artifacts from both the Red Army’s Long March and the 1980s. Mr. Li painstakingly collected these items through various means, including purchases, exchanges, and international sourcing.

After the tour, Mr. Li passionately recounted the story of the Red Ninth Army Corps’ expansion in Huize during the Long March and shared the motivations behind establishing the exhibition hall. He remarked, “The day I put on the military uniform, I felt an immense honor. Although I am retired and have faced many challenges, those days are the most precious memories of my life. Establishing this exhibition hall is my way of ensuring that our ideals and beliefs endure.”

Mr. Li’s selfless dedication has greatly enhanced the exhibition hall’s value to society, allowing younger generations to immerse themselves in the past. He has been recognized as a “National Advanced Individual in Red Culture Tourism.” Members of our group were deeply moved by the inspiring stories of the Long March and motivated by Mr. Li’s narrative, expressing their resolve to strengthen their ideals and respond to contemporary calls for action while striving for modernization in China.

Importance of Red Culture

Red culture forms an essential part of China’s revolutionary history, serving as both a valuable heritage of the nation’s history and an inspiring force for youth development. Learning and inheriting red culture can empower young people to better understand history, solidify their ideals and beliefs, and improve their moral and cultural qualities, thereby contributing to the realization of the Chinese Dream of national rejuvenation.

Exhibition Sections

The exhibition hall comprises four primary parts:

1. Qingyuan Liuchang (清源流长)

This section highlights the remarkable journey of the Chinese Workers’ and Peasants’ Red Army from October 1934 to October 1936. Over two years, the army traversed eleven provinces, marking a significant strategic shift in China’s revolutionary history. The Long March symbolizes a “Red Ribbon” representing the spirit and faith of the Communist Party, which continues to inspire today.

Exhibits: Artifacts and photographs from the revolutionary leaders during the Long March period.

2. Qingxin Xiangyang (清心向阳)

This part focuses on the Red Army’s Ninth Corps, which, in May 1935, advanced through Huize, capturing the county seat, publicly trying criminals, opening granaries, and expanding the Red Army. This event is a significant highlight in Huize’s history.

Exhibits: Historical documents, photographs, and artifacts related to the events in Huize.

3. Qingde Zhao Zhao (清德昭昭)

This section reflects on the enduring legacy of the Red Army, emphasizing the values of serving the people, integrity, and dedication to frugality, which continue to influence modern society.

Exhibits: Artifacts and writings that illustrate the spirit of service and sacrifice.

4. Qingfeng Zhengjing (清风正劲)

The history of the Communist Party of China is depicted here, highlighting its struggles for national independence and the importance of anti-corruption. This section includes significant discourses from party leaders that have guided anti-corruption efforts throughout history.

Exhibits: Documents and materials that showcase the Party’s dedication to integrity and reform.

Special Exhibition

Mao Zedong Statue and Medal Exhibition Hall

Located on the second floor of the main hall, this section is dedicated to Mao Zedong (毛泽东), a pivotal figure in 20th-century China whose influence shaped the nation’s history. The Mao Zedong medals represent a unique culture of insignia, embodying the essence of world badge art.

Exhibits: A variety of Mao Zedong medals and related artifacts, each symbolizing aspects of revolutionary history and Mao’s legacy.

Exhibits on the Vietnam War

The back hall focuses on exhibitions related to the Sino-Vietnamese conflict, featuring artifacts, military honors, uniforms, and detailed accounts of battles fought during this period.

Battle Overview

• Old Mountain Battle (老山战斗): Initiated on April 28, 1984, resulting in over 900 enemy casualties.
• Zhe Yin Mountain Battle (者阴山战斗): From April 30 to May 1, 1984, marked by a successful recovery of territory with 98 Chinese casualties.

Visitor Information

Ticket Price

The entrance fee is 10 yuan (free for children under 1.2 meters tall and seniors over 70).

Location

The Huize Hongse Culture Exhibition Hall is situated in Erdao Lane (二道巷), Huize County, Qujing City, Yunnan Province.

How to Get There

To reach the Huize Hongse Culture Exhibition Hall:

• By Bus: Take a bus from Qujing City to Huize County and walk to Erdao Lane.
• By Taxi: Use a taxi or ride-sharing service directly from Qujing City to the exhibition hall.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Plan your visit during weekdays to avoid crowds and ensure a more personalized experience.
• Duration: Allocate at least 2-3 hours for a thorough exploration of the exhibition and to fully appreciate the historical context.
• Respect the Space: Be mindful and respectful while viewing exhibits and participating in guided tours, as many artifacts are of significant cultural and historical importance.
• Pre-Visit Research: Consider reading about the Long March and Mao Zedong’s contributions to better appreciate the exhibits and their significance.
• Photography: Check the rules regarding photography in the exhibition hall to ensure compliance with any restrictions.

Overview

Stony Village (石头寨村) is a unique scenic spot located in the natural village of Lunanqing (鲁纳箐) within Dahai Town (大海乡), approximately 10 kilometers southwest of Huize County (会泽县), Qujing (曲靖). The village is built against the mountains, characterized by stone walls, slate roofs, and stone-paved alleys, representing a traditional cultural village that remains deeply connected to nature.

Walking through the narrow, winding alleys and lingering by the stone walls at the village entrance provides a sense of returning to simplicity. For those accustomed to urban life, this village evokes strong feelings of nostalgia and rural warmth, resembling a cherished hometown.

Geographical Context

Dahai Town (大海乡) is situated in the main peak area of the Wumeng Mountains (乌蒙山), with an elevation of 4,017 meters, classified as a high-altitude region known for its harsh climatic conditions. The area is also famous as the source of the Jiajia River (蒋家沟) debris flow. To withstand the cold winds and humid air of the mountainous region, the hardworking and wise local people used the abundant stones and slates to construct distinctive stone houses.

Architectural Features

Stone Houses

The stone houses are an ingenious architectural creation by the farmers of Dahai Town. They typically have two designs: courtyard-style and single-family units, usually one to two stories tall. The framework is primarily made of wood, while the walls are built from stones of varying sizes, arranged according to their natural texture. The roofs are made of diamond-shaped slate tiles, providing a more solid and aesthetically pleasing structure than traditional brick or wooden buildings, making them emblematic of the Wumeng mountainous region.

Construction Process

The construction of these stone houses is remarkably simple and often done informally. Once a suitable foundation is selected and leveled, construction can begin. The houses are generally uniform in size and structure, lacking windows and featuring a central courtyard as the main source of light. The interiors retain their original forms without special decoration or modifications, resulting in a robust and heavy appearance.

Stony Village is a unique type of residential architecture in Qujing, distinguishing itself even from villages like Nuohei (糯黑村) in Shilin County (石林县), which have stone walls but tile roofs. The stone walls and roofs here reflect a natural distribution, creating a distinctive cultural landscape that bears witness to the historical development of traditional farming culture.

Cultural Significance

Being in Stony Village feels like entering a utopian world. The sounds of chickens and dogs can be heard, with trees interspersed throughout the area. The younger generation often works outside the village, leaving behind the elderly who maintain a slow-paced lifestyle, waking with the sunrise and resting at sunset.

The value of traditional cultural villages lies in their ability to witness the development of human agricultural civilization. However, they also face challenges from modernity. With improved road access, villagers now desire better living conditions. Some residents have begun to replace stone houses with modern concrete structures, and the once stone-paved paths are slowly transforming into cement roads.

Natural Beauty and Atmosphere

At the crossroads of Guanyinyan Village (观音岩村) in Dahai Town, a winding mountain road leads to a “time tunnel.” Entering this tunnel feels like stepping into another era, surrounded by stone-roofed houses nestled in the mountain’s embrace. The environment is tranquil, with everything appearing clear and serene.

In early autumn, the rain has polished the slate, making it glisten. Moss and small plants shine like jewels between the stones, lending a sense of life to the ancient, solid structures. The trees and gardens are lush, and the area is remarkably quiet, perhaps with birds observing us from their branches.

Even the garden fences are made of stacked stones. As we tread lightly, we might disturb a cat lounging on the stone fence, only for it to dart away just as a companion tries to capture a photograph.

The villagers are often busy working in the fields, but the few who greet us are genuine and warm. One kind woman invites us into her home, where everything seems naturally arranged, reflecting the irregularities of the stone floors beneath our feet.

A steep, rugged mountain path leads to the heart of this simple natural village, known as the second group of Guanyinyan Village (观音岩村二组) in Dahai Town, Yunnan Province (云南省会泽县). It is a remote village located 50 kilometers from the county seat.

Upon arrival, we spot a shepherd returning home, marking our entry into a serene stone world that emanates tranquility and history.

How to Get There

• From Qujing (曲靖): Travel by bus or taxi to Huize County (会泽县), then take local transport to Dahai Town (大海乡) and ask for directions to Stony Village (石头寨村).
• Public Transport: Check local schedules for buses heading to Huize County, and inquire about onward transportation to Dahai Town.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Spring (March to May) and autumn (September to November) offer the best weather for outdoor exploration.
• Respect Local Customs: Dress modestly and behave respectfully, especially when interacting with villagers.
• Photography: Be mindful and ask permission before taking photographs of people or private properties.
• Explore Nearby Attractions: Consider visiting nearby cultural sites or natural attractions to enhance your experience.

Overview

Baiwu Village Catholic Church (白雾村天主教堂), also known as St. Joseph’s Church (圣若瑟堂), covers an area of 1,225 square meters and was funded and constructed by Italian missionaries. The exact date of the Western missionaries’ arrival in Naguzhen (娜姑镇) is uncertain; however, it is recorded that in the ninth year of the Guangxu reign (光绪, 1883), an Italian built a Catholic church in front of Panlong Temple (盘龙寺) in Baiwu Village (白雾村).

Architecture

The church is located on the western section of Baiwu Street (白雾街), facing south. The building consists of a gate tower, east and west wings, and the church itself. The gate tower has a width of 3.6 meters and a depth of 4.9 meters, featuring a traditional Chinese-style roof. Upon entering the gate tower and crossing the courtyard, visitors find the church with a soaring roof topped with a cross. The facade is adorned with sunflower patterns and features the words “St. Joseph’s Church” in Chinese, reflecting typical Western architectural style.

The church was built in 1883 and includes facilities for Western medicine, highlighting its role in the community beyond religious activities. The intricate design of this small church within the majestic Wumong Mountains (乌蒙山) suggests the former vibrancy and prosperity of Baiwu Village.

Architectural Features

Church Structure

The church is strategically located on the western section of Baiwu Street (白雾街), oriented southward. The overall structure comprises:

• Gate Tower (门楼):
  • Width: 3.6 meters
  • Depth: 4.9 meters
  • Eaves Height: 3.36 meters
  • Features a traditional Chinese-style roof with intricate floral designs.
• Main Church (正殿):
  • The interior features a mix of Western and Chinese architectural elements, showcasing a unique cultural fusion.
  • The roof is elevated with a cross at the peak, enhancing its visibility and prominence in the village.
  • The facade displays sunflower motifs and the inscription “圣若瑟堂,” emphasizing its Catholic identity.
• Wings (厢房):
  • Two wings flanking the church each have a width of 35 meters and a depth of 65 meters, with an eaves height of 4.6 meters.
  • The design includes wooden lattice doors, characteristic of Qing Dynasty (清朝) architecture.

Overall Dimensions

• Main Hall (礼堂):
  • Width: 13.5 meters
  • Depth: 15.8 meters
  • Features a “W”-shaped roof with a cross and decorative circular motifs above the entrance.

Surrounding Facilities

In addition to the church, there is the Yangji Institute (养济院), also known as the “Old People’s Home,” located at the northeast corner of Baiwu Street. This facility covers 410 square meters and consists of three main rooms and additional wings.

Historical Context

In 1913, an Italian priest from Zhaotong (昭通) funded the reconstruction of the Catholic Church in Baiwu Village, relocating it from its original site. This new establishment included the construction of a convent and a Western medical clinic, enhancing the community’s resources and services. Following its restoration in 2011, the church was entrusted to the Baiwu Catholic Church management group.

The church’s construction and its continuous service highlight the enduring legacy of Catholicism in this remote village, once bustling with life and cultural exchange.

Cultural Significance

St. Joseph’s Church is a symbol of the cultural interactions between Western missionaries and local traditions. The blend of architectural styles illustrates the adaptive nature of cultural practices in rural Yunnan, showcasing how local communities embraced foreign influences while retaining their unique identity.

Travel Information

How to Get There

• From Zhaotong (昭通): Baiwu Village can be reached via local buses or taxis. The journey takes approximately 1-2 hours depending on traffic conditions.
• Public Transport: Check local schedules for bus services heading towards Huize County (会泽县).

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: The ideal seasons are spring (March to May) and autumn (September to November) when the weather is mild and pleasant for outdoor activities.
• Respect Local Customs: As a religious site, visitors should dress modestly and conduct themselves respectfully, especially during services or religious events.
• Photography: Be mindful when taking photographs, especially inside the church, and seek permission if necessary.

Overview

Xianglu Mountain (香炉山), located 39 kilometers west of Malong County (马龙县) in Yunnan Province (云南省), rises steeply with a ridge resembling a nose that extends outward. The mountain’s rocky cliffs give it a distinct appearance, resembling an incense burner, which inspired its name.

• Chinese Name: 香炉山
• Geographical Location: Southern end of Bin County (宾县), Heilongjiang (黑龙江)
• Elevation: 790 meters
• Main Peaks: Six

Introduction

Historically, a temple called Yuhuang Pavilion (玉皇阁) was built on a flat ridge of the mountain, and the Ling Palace (灵宫殿) stood in the front range, once bustling with worshippers. A couplet describes its beauty: “Xianglu zhuan ceng yan, bai zhang han shan yi qiao bi; lu ju bao ding, yi tiao liu shui ying xi yang.” Though the ancient temple has fallen into disrepair, the mountain’s beauty remains intact. Centered around Xianglu Temple (香炉寺), the area spans over 6,000 acres. From a distance, the mountain resembles a Tai Chi symbol (太极), while up close it looks like an incense burner. The blue mountains and flowing waters complement each other, creating an S-shaped silhouette, resembling a harmonious Tai Chi diagram. At the center of Tai Chi, Xianglu stands tall, with steep cliffs and numerous caves, winding paths, and depths that seem endless. The terrain is magnificent, and the legends surrounding the area add to its allure, inviting contemplation.

Historical Background

Xianglu Mountain’s unique and treacherous formations have been noted in ancient texts: “Cang yan dan bi, huan lie qian ren, yi ling yi, cong zhong er xia, qie ping qie tu, qi shang hu feng pan xuan, zhou za shu wei, zhi mo xiao han, ruo xian zhang ran.” The mountain’s geological structure comprises water-eroded shale and sandstone. Its steep cliffs and exposed stone stairs create a distinctive landscape. Each side of the mountain offers a different view: the front resembles an incense burner, the north appears as a pillar reaching towards the sky, the southwest mimics a “lying tiger” looking back, and the northwest resembles a “frog” ready to leap. People often celebrate nature’s creation through poetry: “Tian nan miao jing luo yun gen, feng shi zheng rong jie tai qing; xiao han shi lu she zhu zao, yin he bao ding zi sheng cheng; de fei gui fu diao jian qiao, liao shi shen gong hua zao jing; shan yun zhong ling kai sheng ji, chang chun bu lao gu jin ming.” However, the journey to the summit is perilous, with only narrow pathways resembling those of Mount Hua (华山), requiring careful navigation.

Scenic Features

Xianglu Mountain is tranquil, far from villages. Surrounded by pine forests, steep cliffs, and a clear stream flowing from the southeast, the sounds of flowing water and birds create a natural symphony. The “Welcoming Pine” (迎客松) stands on the rock, as if bowing to visitors, while “Green Vine Curtains” (绿藤帘) sway by the creek. Various azaleas and camellias bloom, filling the air with floral fragrance, akin to a paradise, far removed from worldly troubles. After exploring, visitors can fish, relax on the stones, or dance on the grass. Ancient visitors have praised its beauty: “Qian nian jia qi man, hao jing sheng dong nan”; “Zhi dian feng hui lu zhuan chu, lin shen gu jing hua nan miao,” “You jing ke ai chang ru meng,” “Ri ge feng chen chang wu yuan.”

Unique Attractions

Xianglu Mountain is also valuable for scientists and tourists, offering a chance to study and appreciate the geological structures. It features exposed shale, sandstone, and limestone layers, alongside numerous fossils of plants and animals. A notable plant fossil, three meters long and two meters wide, can be found by the stream, indicating that the area has risen from the ocean to a plateau due to tectonic movements millions of years ago.

The beauty of Xianglu Mountain is evident in every season. In spring, the golden blooms of Forsythia and the vibrant colors of Yangmei (杨梅) entice visitors. During summer and autumn, various mushrooms flourish in the woods. The gentle sounds of spring water and birds create a symphony of nature, while fish in the stone pools bask peacefully. Xianglu Temple (香炉寺) was founded during the Shu Han period, enduring various historical changes and repairs, and today it thrives with visitors.

Films such as “The Flower Necklace Under the Mountain” (高山下的花环) and “Wild Man” (野人) have chosen this mountain as a filming location.

Accessibility

Xianglu Mountain is located in the southwestern part of Malong County, approximately 20 kilometers from the county seat, 40 kilometers from Qujing (曲靖), and 93 kilometers from the provincial capital, Kunming (昆明). The Kunming-Qujing Expressway (昆曲高速公路) and Yima Road (宜马公路) pass nearby, making it easily accessible.

Covering over 400 hectares, with an elevation of 2010 meters and a forest coverage rate of 98%, Xianglu Mountain features steep cliffs and a center resembling Tai Chi. The landscape offers a blend of mountains and waters, with the S-shaped mountains connecting harmoniously. Renowned for its breathtaking beauty, it connects to nearby attractions like Jiulong Lake (九龙湖) and the Golden Coast Development Zone (黄金海岸开发区), earning the nickname “Xianglu Li Kong Qi, Jiulong Lianyi Xiu” (香炉倚空奇，九龙涟漪秀).

Travel Information for Hiking and Camping Enthusiasts

Nestled between the mountains in the southwestern part of Malong District, Xianglu Mountain (香炉山) is an excellent hiking and camping destination. The mountain’s name comes from its incense burner-like shape, making it a favorite among outdoor enthusiasts.

Xianglu Mountain is 20 kilometers from Malong Town and 93 kilometers from Kunming City. The Kunming-Qujing Expressway (昆曲高速公路) and Yima Road (宜马公路) provide convenient access, covering an area of over 400 hectares, with an elevation of 2010 meters and a forest coverage rate of 98%, offering an ideal environment for hiking and camping.

Hikers can ascend along the stream, experiencing the mountain’s pristine nature. The steep cliffs and dense forests, coupled with fresh air, create an enjoyable exploration. Along the path, directional signs enhance the adventure, while crossing stones, small bridges, and embankments adds excitement to the journey.

For camping enthusiasts, Xianglu Mountain is a rare gem. Escape the city’s noise, and enjoy the outdoors with friends by the lakeside. With fresh air and a clear sky, you can brew tea, make coffee, or barbecue while enjoying the tranquility of nature. You can either share stories under the stars or simply relax, enjoying the soothing sounds of nature.

Due to limited access, few people visit Xianglu Mountain, ensuring a relatively quiet experience with low human impact, while the scenery rivals that of other popular attractions. However, the mountain’s steepness requires caution during climbs.

Time Required

Approximately 3-4 hours for hiking.

Transportation

• From Qujing, a bus to Malong costs around 10 yuan per person (available at Gaokai or Nanchengmen bus stations).
• Once in Malong, take a bus to Jiuxian (旧县), which costs around 13 yuan per person (via expressway).
• From Jiuxian, an electric tricycle ride into the mountain costs around 20 yuan per trip, regardless of the number of passengers.

Admission Fee

10 yuan per person.

Location of the Attraction

Xianglu Mountain is located in Jiuxian Town (旧县镇), Malong County (马龙县), Qujing City (曲靖市), Yunnan Province (云南省).

Overview

Yangmei Mountain (杨梅山) is located in Huize County (会泽县) of Qujing (曲靖), situated in the northeastern part of Yunnan Province (云南省). This birding destination lies by the Qiao Reservoir (大桥水库), which resembles a jewel embedded in the plateau, covering an area of 13.5 square kilometers at an altitude of 2,500 meters. The mountain springs and streams flow joyfully into the reservoir, creating thousands of acres of wetlands at the reservoir’s tail end. This area is known as Yangmei Mountain, where visitors can gaze at the breathtaking landscape from the “mouth of the sea,” enjoying the harmonious blend of sky and water. The stunning sight of a blood-red sun setting on the water is unforgettable.

Location

Yangmei Mountain is located in Daqiao Village (大桥村), Daqiao Township (大桥乡), Huize County (会泽县), Yunnan Province (云南省).

Recognition as a Beautiful Leisure Village

The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (农业农村部) announced the list of China’s Beautiful Leisure Villages for 2022, recognizing 256 villages nationwide, including eight from Yunnan. Yangmei Mountain Village (杨梅山村) is the only village in Qujing to receive this honor.

Situated in the core area of the national-level Black-necked Crane (黑颈鹤) Nature Reserve, Yangmei Mountain Village leverages its unique wetland ecological resources and natural scenery. Over the years, the leisure tourism industry around Nian Lake (念湖) has developed significantly, earning it the titles of “Five Wonders of Nian Lake” for its picturesque views, including “Thousand Cranes Flying Together” (千鹤齐飞), “Red Soil Cultivation” (红土耕耘), “Ten Thousand Acres of Potato Flowers” (万亩薯花), “Rolling Waves of Wheat” (麦浪滚滚), and “Dreamy Rime” (梦幻雾凇).

The village is also known for its unique folk crafts and ethnic customs, particularly the Zhao family’s traditional “felt-making technique” (擀毡工艺). Cultural activities such as folk singing gatherings (山歌会) and the Torch Festival (火把节) have gained popularity, creating a vibrant tourism experience. Yangmei Mountain has been established as an ecological leisure and photography village, promoting crane culture and highland competitive sports, receiving recognition from provincial and municipal departments.

With over 70,000 annual visitors engaging in rural sightseeing, homestay experiences, crane photography, agricultural activities, and wellness tourism, the local tourism industry generates over 8 million yuan annually.

High Standards for Selection

The criteria for being selected as a Beautiful Leisure Village in China are stringent, requiring:

• Good local customs and practices, with villagers exhibiting honesty, legal business operations, and a harmonious living environment.
• Rich cultural heritage and a clean village environment with no instances of land occupation or significant public disturbances in the last three years.
• Distinct industrial advantages, including rich natural landscapes, ecological environments, and local cultural tourism resources.
• Diverse tourism offerings such as agritourism (农家乐), rural homestays (乡村民宿), and educational experiences that effectively engage local farmers.
• Complete service facilities including dining (餐饮), accommodation (住宿), parking (停车场), and tourist service centers (游客服务中心), ensuring a full range of leisure experiences.
• Clean village aesthetics and an optimized living environment free from pollution and ecological damage.
• Regulated practices within the leisure agriculture sector, with qualified personnel and a safe operational environment.

Yangmei Mountain Village’s successful inclusion in the 2022 list of Beautiful Leisure Villages reflects the development of Huize County as a national-level tourism destination.

Scenic Highlights and Activities

Yangmei Mountain Village, located 10 kilometers from the township government and 47 kilometers from the county seat, has become a popular leisure travel destination. Visitors rave about the stunning views and unique folk crafts, which have led to the village being recognized as a creative base for photographers and cultural activities.

In early winter, the vibrant colors of Yangmei Mountain Village captivate visitors. Recent improvements to the living environment, including road upgrades, lighting, and the construction of a cultural service center, have enhanced the community’s overall happiness and satisfaction.

The village also serves as a wintering ground for migratory birds such as the Black-necked Crane (黑颈鹤) and Grey Crane (灰鹤). Birdwatchers from all over, including Wang Xuanguo (王选国) from Hangzhou (杭州), visit annually to capture the beauty of the area.

Traditional Crafts and Agriculture

The traditional felt-making craft in Daqiao Township (大桥乡) has been recognized as a representative item of Yunnan’s intangible cultural heritage. With over 200 years of history, the craft has evolved to include modern designs featuring local elements like the Black-necked Crane.

The village also cultivates oats (燕麦), promoting new high-yield varieties that significantly boost local income. The establishment of a “Technology Small Courtyard” (科技小院) supported by various government departments has laid a strong foundation for the development of the buckwheat industry.

With 56 new operating entities, including cooperatives (合作社) and family farms (家庭农场), Yangmei Mountain Village is successfully integrating leisure agriculture into its economy, increasing local farmers’ income.

Future Development

The village aims to further develop its tourism industry, establishing a brand focused on rural tourism that encompasses health, leisure, and cultural experiences. Village Party Secretary Tan Zhengwei (谭政伟) envisions transforming Yangmei Mountain into a comprehensive rural tourism destination that supports economic growth for local residents.

How to Get There

To reach Yangmei Mountain Village in Huize County (会泽县), you can take a bus or drive from the nearest major city, Qujing (曲靖). The village is about 47 kilometers from the county seat, with accessible roads and signage.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: The ideal time for birdwatching is in late autumn to early spring when migratory birds are present.
• Accommodation: Look for local homestays (乡村民宿) for an immersive experience.
• Local Cuisine: Don’t miss out on trying local dishes that feature fresh, regional ingredients.
• Respect Nature: Follow local guidelines to protect the wildlife and natural environment.
• Engage with Locals: Participate in cultural events to learn more about the local customs and crafts.

Introduction

Shuicheng Arms Expansion Site of The Red Army in Huize County (会泽水城红军扩军旧址) is a classic site for red tourism in China. Located in the outskirts of Huize County (会泽县) in Qujing City (曲靖市), this site commemorates a significant historical event that took place during the Long March (长征) in 1935, when the First Front Army of the Chinese Workers’ and Peasants’ Red Army (中国工农红军第一方面军) expanded its ranks by over 1,300 soldiers, raising funds of 100,000 silver dollars to support the Central Red Army’s successful arrival in Shaanxi (陕北).

The site is recognized as one of Yunnan’s top ten red tourism attractions and was opened to visitors in 2002. Covering an area of 300,000 square meters, the site features more than 3,500 ancient pear trees, some over a century old. The park integrates red culture, Yelang culture, and the culture of the indigenous Yi ethnic group, divided into five main areas: Red Culture Education Area, Historical Exhibit Area, Agritainment Area, Pear Orchard Area, and Ancient Tomb Archaeological Area.

Site Features

The Shuicheng Red Cultural Ecological Park (水城扩红文化生态园), located 2 kilometers northwest of Huize County, is constructed according to national 4A tourist attraction standards. It serves as a revolutionary patriotism education base and a national defense education base. It is one of seven sites in Yunnan recognized as classic red tourism sites.

The site is not only an important historical landmark but also a bearer of rich red culture and revolutionary history. In May 1935, the Ninth Corps of the Central Red Army expanded its ranks by over 1,500 soldiers here, marking the largest recruitment during their Long March. On May 4, the newly recruited soldiers were organized into a new regiment at the Shuicheng Pear Orchard, led by Liu Xiongwu (刘雄武) and mobilized by corps commander Luo Binghui (罗炳辉).

The park includes the expansion site, a large sculpture called “Wumeng Pangbo” (乌蒙磅礴), the Huize Revolutionary History Memorial Hall (会泽革命历史纪念馆), ancient tombs, and an ancient pear orchard. Climbing 188 steps from the memorial platform to the square allows visitors to view the “Wumeng Pangbo” sculpture, which depicts the touching scenes of recruitment and the deep bond between the army and the people.

Cultural Significance

The park integrates red culture, Yelang culture, and indigenous Yi (彝族) culture. It is divided into five main areas:

1. Red Culture Education Area
2. Historical Exhibit Area
3. Farm Stay Activity Area
4. Pear Orchard and Flower Area
5. Ancient Tomb Historical Research Area

Historical Context

From October 1934 to October 1935, the main force of the Central Red Army embarked on a year-long journey filled with difficulties, traversing 11 provinces and engaging in over 380 battles during the Long March (长征). This journey laid a solid foundation for the Chinese revolution.

On May 1, 1935, the Red Ninth Corps was warmly welcomed upon arriving in Huize and organized a public meeting to promote the Communist Party’s policies and the Red Army’s northward campaign against Japanese aggression.

On May 4, under the leadership of Corps Commander Luo Binghui (罗炳辉) and Political Commissioner He Changgong (何长工), the Corps formed a new battalion of soldiers from local recruits in the Shuicheng pear orchard.

Features of the Park

The Shuicheng Expansion Cultural Ecological Park consists of:

• The Red Army Expansion Memorial Platform
• The “Wumeng Pangbo” (乌蒙磅礴) Large Group Sculpture
• The Huize Revolutionary History Memorial Hall
• The Ancient Tombs of Shuicheng
• The Ancient Pear Tree Garden

Visitors can climb 188 steps from the memorial square to see the impressive “Wumeng Pangbo” sculpture, which vividly depicts scenes of the expansion and the deep bond between the military and the people.

Historical Background

During the Long March from October 1934 to October 1935, the main force of the Central Red Army traveled through 11 provinces, including Fujian (福建), Jiangxi (江西), Guangdong (广东), Hunan (湖南), Guangxi (广西), Guizhou (贵州), Sichuan (四川), Yunnan (云南), Xikang (西康), Gansu (甘肃), and Shaanxi (陕西), capturing 62 cities and engaging in over 380 battles. This journey solidified the foundation for the Chinese revolution’s future victories.

In late April 1935, the Ninth Corps, led by Luo Binghui, He Changgong (何长工), Guo Tianmin (郭天民), and Huang Huaqing (黄火青), executed strategic maneuvers in the Ujiang River area before moving toward Huize. On May 1, they were warmly welcomed by the local population and conducted a mass meeting to promote the Communist Party’s policies.

The following days saw intense military action, culminating in the successful recruitment of 1,500 local residents into the Red Army. This recruitment effort is celebrated as a significant moment in the history of the Red Army’s expansion during the Long March.

Travel Information

How to Get There

• By Car: The site is approximately 223 kilometers from Kunming (昆明). Drive from Kunming to Songming (嵩明), take the Songming-Daihu (嵩待) Expressway, and continue towards Huize on National Highway 50.
• Public Transport: Consider taking a bus from Kunming to Qujing and then another to Huize.

Travel Tips

• Operating Hours: Open daily from 9:00 AM to 9:00 PM.
• Admission: Free entry.
• Best Time to Visit: The region has a subtropical monsoon climate, making it suitable for travel year-round with mild summers and winters.
• Nearby Attractions: Explore Huize Ancient Town (会泽古城), Dahuicaoshan Scenic Area (大海草山风景区), Jinzhong Mountain (金钟山), and Wenbi Tower (文笔塔).
• Dining Options: Enjoy local delicacies like fried potatoes (炸洋芋), beef and mutton hotpot (牛汤锅羊汤锅), and rainbow trout (虹鳟鱼).
• Accommodation: Numerous hotels are available near the expressway exit.

This site not only commemorates a crucial moment in Chinese history but also serves as a vibrant cultural destination, embodying the spirit of patriotism and the legacy of the Red Army.