Overview
The Mangnuo Stone Inscriptions (忙糯石刻群, Mángnuò Shíkè Qún) are a significant historical site located near the ancient post road at Xiaobidi (小必地, Xiǎobìdì) in Mangnuo Township (忙糯乡, Mángnuò Xiāng), Shuangjiang County (双江县, Shuāngjiāng Xiàn), Lincang (临沧, Líncāng) in Yunnan Province, China. These inscriptions were first discovered in the early 1960s, with the notable inscription “天下人多” (“There are many people in the world”) being identified.
Historical Background
In February to June 1998, the Cultural Bureau of Shuangjiang County conducted an extensive investigation that revealed numerous stone carvings in the area. Experts noted that the Mangnuo stone inscriptions are distributed in a relatively organized manner, making them a rare find within the province. They are regarded as having significant historical, cultural, and academic value and are classified as part of the cultural heritage within Shuangjiang County.
Distribution of Inscriptions
The primary sites of the Mangnuo Stone Inscriptions are located in the following areas:
- Xiaobidi (小必地, Xiǎobìdì): The initial discovery site.
- Laolinzhai (老林寨, Lǎolínzhài): An ancient village known for its historical significance.
- Shangbidi (上必地, Shàngbìdì): Another natural village rich in cultural heritage.
- Chitang Village (池塘村, Chítáng Cūn): Located in Mangnuo Administrative Village (忙糯行政村, Mángnuò Xíngzhèng Cūn).
Many of the intricate patterns on the stones remain clearly discernible to this day, emphasizing their importance as a county-level cultural heritage site.
Cultural Significance
The Mangnuo Stone Inscriptions are not only a testament to the historical communication routes of ancient civilizations but also provide insight into the socio-cultural dynamics of the region. They reflect the interactions and migrations of different ethnic groups throughout history. The site is recognized as a valuable resource for researchers and historians studying the cultural evolution of Yunnan Province.
How to Get There
To reach the Mangnuo Stone Inscriptions:
- By Air: Fly into Lincang Airport (临沧机场, Líncāng Jīchǎng) and then take a taxi or bus to Shuangjiang County.
- By Bus: Long-distance buses are available from major cities like Kunming (昆明, Kūnmíng) to Shuangjiang County.
- By Car: Driving from Kunming takes approximately 5-6 hours via the G213 national road.
Travel Tips
- Best Time to Visit: The ideal time to explore the inscriptions is during the dry season from October to April when the weather is more favorable.
- Respect Local Customs: When visiting the site, be mindful of the local customs and traditions, especially when interacting with the ethnic communities.
- Photography: Capture the intricate details of the inscriptions but be cautious about climbing or damaging the stones.
- Guided Tours: Consider joining a guided tour for deeper insights into the history and significance of the site.
- Local Cuisine: Don’t miss the chance to try local dishes in nearby villages, as the area is known for its unique culinary offerings.
Introduction
The Shifodong Cave Site (耿马石佛洞遗址) is a significant Neolithic cultural site located 25 kilometers south of Gengma County (耿马县) on the banks of the Xiaohei River (小黑江). This large natural limestone cave exhibits rare evidence of habitation, with structures built inside, making it a unique find both domestically and globally. The artifacts unearthed here, such as the polygonal six-pointed star tools (多棱六星形器), six-pointed disks (六星璧), and double-winged spears (双翼矛), showcase exceptional craftsmanship that is rare in the world.
Archaeological Significance
The Shifodong Cave Site (耿马石佛洞遗址) has yielded a diverse array of artifacts, totaling over 2,000 items, including stone tools, pottery, bone implements, animal remains, charred rice, fruit pits, seeds, and human remains. The stone tools are characterized by their symmetry, regularity, smoothness, and sharpness. In addition to the polygonal six-pointed star tools, the six-pointed disks and double-winged spears reflect a high level of skill in stone tool production, indicating advanced techniques capable of creating complex, symmetrical items.
Pottery and Bone Artifacts
The pottery discovered at the site is varied and uniquely shaped, adorned with intricate decorative patterns. The polished shoulder pots (磨光折肩釜) are particularly notable, with the continuous spiral patterns being a high-value artistic creation. High-quality bone artifacts, such as bone daggers (骨匕) and fishing hooks (鱼钩), also display meticulous craftsmanship.
Site Formation
The Shifodong Cave Site (耿马石佛洞遗址) is the largest cave archaeological site in Yunnan Province (云南省) and is designated as a national cultural heritage site. The cave is expansive, with an entrance that reaches over 20 meters high and more than 50 meters wide. The cultural accumulation layer at the entrance is 3 meters thick and contains early human habitation structures. Archaeological findings suggest that the inhabitants were skilled in ox plowing, rice cultivation, and pottery firing as early as 3,000 years ago, creating one of the most advanced Neolithic cultures in Southwest China.
Recent Research
Since 2020, a multidisciplinary team from various institutions, including the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (古脊椎所), Yunnan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology (云南省文物考古研究所), and Griffith University (格里菲斯大学) in Australia, has conducted extensive studies at the site. These studies have not only restored the technological diversity of the stone products but have also reconstructed the behavioral adaptation patterns of the people in relation to their climatic and environmental backgrounds. Relevant findings were published online in January 2024 in the journal “Archaeology and Anthropology Sciences” (《考古学与人类学科学》).
How to Get There
To reach the Shifodong Cave Site (耿马石佛洞遗址), visitors can take public transportation or drive from Lincang City (临沧市) to Gengma County (耿马县). The site is accessible via local roads, and signage is available to guide visitors to the cave.
Travel Tips
- Best Time to Visit: Plan your visit during the dry season (October to April) for more comfortable weather.
- Local Guides: Consider hiring a local guide to enhance your understanding of the site’s significance and history.
- Respect the Environment: Be mindful of the ecological surroundings, as the site is home to unique flora and fauna.
- Safety Precautions: Wear appropriate footwear for cave exploration, and be cautious near the cave entrances due to uneven terrain.
The Shifodong Cave Site (耿马石佛洞遗址) is an extraordinary glimpse into the Neolithic era, showcasing the advanced skills and cultural practices of early human societies in Yunnan (云南).
Overview
The Anti-earthquake Monument耿马抗震纪念碑, located in Gengma County (耿马傣族佤族自治县), Lincang (临沧市), Yunnan Province (云南省), stands 22 meters tall. The upper section features a square white stupa, rising 13 meters high. The front of the monument is inscribed with “Anti-earthquake and Disaster Relief Monument in Gengma” (耿马抗震救灾纪念碑), a phrase personally written by then-Premier Li Peng (李鹏). The entire monument is designed to resemble a traditional Dai (傣族) bamboo house, showcasing both the rustic elegance of Dai culture and the modern artistic style of Gengma County, symbolizing the vibrant rebirth of Gengma after the earthquake.
Architectural Features
The monument’s design incorporates elements of traditional Dai architecture, characterized by its dignified and elegant appearance. It blends ancient styles with modern artistry, reflecting the spirit of resilience and recovery in Gengma following the devastating earthquake.
Historical Context
On November 6, 1988, at 21:03:14, a 7.6 magnitude earthquake struck the Lancang-Gengma region. Just 12 minutes later, a second quake of 7.2 magnitude occurred. Gengma County and neighboring areas suffered the most significant damage. The earthquakes resulted in the loss of 748 lives, 3,759 serious injuries, and 3,992 minor injuries. Approximately 412,000 homes were destroyed, with 704,000 damaged and 742,800 affected. The total economic loss was estimated at 2.75 billion yuan.
Former Gengma Local Government Office
The original Gengma Local Government Office, modeled after imperial palace architecture, covers over 20 acres. The layout features symmetrical arrangements of a screen wall, gate pavilion, and courtyard buildings, stretching from east to west. The main street, Ying Gengma Avenue (迎耿马大街), is adorned with a prominent flying-eave wall. Visitors enter through gates that lead to beautifully tiled steps, designed for equestrian convenience.
Upon passing through the main entrance, visitors encounter the Governor’s courtyard, with stone walls, red bricks, and green tiles. The main hall features intricate dragon carvings and colorful decorations, serving as the meeting place for the local chieftains. On the walls, couplets celebrate Gengma’s historical wealth and grandeur, highlighting its significance in the region.
Travel Information
How to Get There
By Car
From Lincang, take the G320 highway to Gengma County. The journey takes approximately 1.5 hours.
By Public Transportation
Buses from Lincang to Gengma operate regularly, with a travel time of about 2 hours. Tickets typically cost around ¥20.
Travel Tips
- Best Time to Visit: The ideal visiting season is from October to April, when the weather is mild and pleasant.
- Respect Local Customs: Be mindful of local traditions and dress appropriately when visiting cultural sites.
- Photography: Ensure to ask for permission before taking photos, especially in sensitive areas.
- Guided Tours: Consider joining a guided tour for a deeper understanding of the region’s history and culture.
- Local Cuisine: Try local Dai dishes at nearby restaurants to enhance your cultural experience.
- Emergency Services: Familiarize yourself with local emergency contacts and services for a safe trip.
Overview
Dongjing Temple耿马县孟定洞景佛寺, located in Dongjing Village (洞景寨), Gengma County (耿马傣族佤族自治县), Lincang (临沧), Yunnan Province (云南省), was established in the 874th year of the Dai calendar (1512 AD). This temple, covering an area of 106 acres, is recognized as a city-level cultural heritage site.
The architectural structure and decor of Dongjing Temple reflect the Southern Theravada Buddhist forest school. Inside the Main Hall, there is a large golden statue of Shakyamuni Buddha (释迦牟尼) and 22 statues of Maitreya Buddha (弥勒) in a reclining position, each with distinct expressions. The temple is renowned in Southeast Asia for housing the sacred relic of Shakyamuni Buddha, known as “Shari” (舍利子).
Temple Features
Dongjing Temple is situated in a mountainous forest area next to Dongjing Village, approximately 9 kilometers from Mengding Town (孟定镇). It belongs to the forest-style temples of the Southern Theravada Buddhist school, specifically the Payun sect (摆润教派). The term “Dongjing” in the Dai language refers to the sacred relic of the Buddha’s collarbone.
According to Buddhist scriptures such as the “Da Ta” (赕大塔) and “Buna Wa” (布纳洼), the origins of Dongjing Temple are summarized by the lay practitioner Ying Dajia (英达嘎居士). This location was where the Buddha, in one of his 550 reincarnations as a monkey, got lost while foraging with his mother, leading to his eventual demise. This place became known as the “Forgotten Mother” site.
In the year 248 of the Buddhist calendar (398 BC), during the time of Tanma Xini Suoga (坦麻细尼索嘎), monks from Lanka (the Indian name for Sri Lanka) brought the relic of Shakyamuni’s collarbone and buried it here in a copper box, constructing a stupa above it. Thus, this site is known as Dongjing, meaning the location of the Buddha’s collarbone relic.
In the mid-Qing Dynasty, the local chieftain of Gengma (耿马土司) restored the temple and stupa. However, it was damaged during the Cultural Revolution. After the policy of religious freedom was reinstated, restoration efforts began in 1989. During the reconstruction of the stupa on April 20, 1994, many treasures, including 69 bronze statues and inscriptions, were unearthed, along with a 3-centimeter-long dark red crystal, believed to be part of the Buddha’s collarbone relic.
Currently, the Dongjing Stupa (洞景佛塔) stands 35.27 meters tall and has a diameter of 40.5 meters, covering an area of 907 square meters. It consists of a main stupa, eight smaller stupas, and eight Buddha pavilions. Each of the smaller stupas houses a Buddha statue, surrounding the main Buddha like stars around the moon. The architectural style and decor of the temple also belong to the Southern Theravada Buddhist forest school, with no resident monks. The Main Hall contains a large golden statue of Shakyamuni Buddha and 22 statues of reclining Maitreya Buddha, making it a sacred site for Buddhist pilgrims from within and outside the region.
Cultural Significance of the Relic
According to the temple’s history, after Shakyamuni’s passing, his body was cremated, resulting in the “Shari” crystal bones, which were divided into eight parts and spread across different regions to benefit all sentient beings. One part of Shakyamuni’s relic found its way to Mengding and was buried within Dongjing Temple. In 1994, during the stupa’s restoration, 69 statues, jewelry, and other artifacts were discovered, including two copper inscriptions confirming the temple’s possession of the sacred relic. The discovery of a 3-centimeter-long oval crystal bone, believed to be the collarbone relic of Shakyamuni, added to the temple’s mystique, making it a significant Buddhist pilgrimage site throughout Southeast Asia.
Travel Information
How to Get There
By Car
From Mengding Town, drive approximately 9 kilometers to Dongjing Village. The journey takes about 20 minutes by car.
By Public Transportation
Buses from Mengding Town to Dongjing Village operate regularly. The journey takes around 30 minutes, with tickets priced at approximately ¥10 per person. After arriving, follow the signs to reach Dongjing Temple.
Travel Tips
- Best Time to Visit: Early morning or late afternoon for cooler weather and fewer crowds.
- Respect Local Customs: Follow the temple’s etiquette and dress modestly.
- Photography: Always ask for permission before taking photos, especially of rituals or ceremonies.
- Local Cuisine: Explore local Dai cuisine at nearby eateries to enrich your travel experience.
- Guided Tours: Consider hiring a local guide for deeper insights into the temple’s history and cultural significance.
- Stay Hydrated: Bring water, especially during warmer months, as the temple grounds can be expansive.
Overview
Mengding Basin (孟定坝) is an alluvial wide valley basin formed by the erosion and deposition of the Nanti River (南汀河) since the 4th century. Surrounded by hills, the Nanti River flows from the northeast to the southwest, traversing the entire basin. Situated near the Tropic of Cancer, it has a typical subtropical monsoon climate characterized by long sunshine hours and frost-free years. Due to extreme heat, there is a local saying that translates to “If you think of Mengding Basin, first marry off your wife,” reflecting the area’s challenging living conditions. “Mengding” in Dai (傣语) means “a basin where one can play the zither.”
To the west of Mengding Town (孟定镇) is the Kokang Autonomous Region (果敢自治区) in Myanmar. The town is notably accessible through the Qingshui River Port (清水河口岸), known as the “Golden Port,” leading to the sensitive northern regions of Myanmar. As a result, various anti-fraud slogans are visible throughout the town, creating a unique landscape.
Travel Information
Starting from Lincang City (临沧市), the journey to Mengding Basin is about 170 kilometers and takes approximately 3.5 hours. The route is predominantly a two-lane mountain road with heavy trucks, so drivers should exercise caution.
As you approach Mengding, you will encounter several checkpoints where you need to lower your windows to scan your ID card. It’s essential to ensure that all passengers are wearing seat belts, especially in the back seat.
Historical Background
Historically, the area suffered from tropical epidemics such as malaria due to a lack of medical resources. Many long-term residents were unable to escape these conditions, leading to a notorious reputation for old Mengding Basin.
After the founding of New China, significant improvements were made over decades with strong government support, leading to advancements in transportation, communication, and healthcare. The previously uninhabitable conditions have drastically changed, and Mengding Basin has developed into a national-level port, earning its title as the “Golden Port.” The once barren land is now filled with fragrant fruits and abundant crops, transforming it into a granary. The local population is gradually moving towards prosperity under favorable circumstances.
Scenic Features
The journey to Mengding Basin is marked by lush green peaks and dense forests, with tropical vines flourishing along the roadside. The mountains echo with the sounds of birds and the occasional calls of wild animals. Following the disarmament, wildlife has become more accustomed to human presence, creating a harmonious coexistence. Occasionally, you might spot a wandering leopard cat.
At the foot of the mountains lies a modern commercial development area, with well-paved streets and the sounds of nature creating a picturesque scene reminiscent of a paradise.
Mengding Basin is renowned for its excellent water and soil conditions, nurturing tiered rice paddies that thrive in a peaceful agricultural atmosphere. In the early 1950s, the Lincang area established a rubber demonstration garden in Mengding Town. A commemorative plaque marked the initiation of the “Mengding Basin 10,000-acre Rubber Demonstration Garden” project, attracting soldiers and pioneers from across the country to cultivate this fertile land.
Investments have been made in the Nanti River region along the Myanmar border to plant rubber, macadamia nuts, watermelons, and grapefruit. Currently, these economic fruit-bearing plants have matured and are being harvested, enriching Mengding Basin with valuable produce.
Economic Development
Today, the total area for private rubber cultivation in the basin is 72,000 acres, with 51,000 acres currently tapped, yielding 3,094 tons of dry rubber annually, worth over 30 million yuan. This industry involves 10 village committees, 118 villagers’ groups, and over 34,000 residents, with an average income exceeding 900 yuan, accounting for 60% of the farmers’ total income. Rubber has become one of the pillar industries in the area.
Under the national strategy of developing the western region, Mengding Basin has initiated new projects with investments totaling 200 million yuan to address issues related to the old farmers’ market. This includes investments of 2.5 million yuan to build a fish farming facility spanning 68.83 acres, 45 million yuan for the construction of a China Border Trade City, and 12 million yuan to expand the Mengzhou Wang Winery. As a result, Mengding Basin is experiencing a booming development landscape characterized by active trade and community prosperity.
In 2005, approximately 170,000 people exited the border, and nearly 30,000 vehicles crossed, with total imports reaching 75.8 million yuan. The trade volume has surpassed that of Mangka (芒卡) and Nansan (南伞), making it the most prosperous commercial port in Lincang.
The Dai (傣族) people have embraced the information and economic era, and under the guidance of the government’s policies to enrich the populace, Mengding Basin has transformed dramatically, exhibiting vibrant growth and vitality.
How to Get There
By Car: Drive from Lincang City to Mengding Basin, following local signage along the mountain roads.
By Bus: Buses run regularly from Lincang City to Mengding Basin. Upon arrival, you can explore the local area on foot.
Travel Tips
- Best Time to Visit: The ideal time to visit is during the dry season, typically from October to April, when the weather is pleasant and suitable for exploration.
- Safety: Be cautious when traveling on mountain roads, especially around heavy vehicles and checkpoints.
- Local Culture: Familiarize yourself with the local customs of the Dai people and engage respectfully with the community.
- Health Precautions: Due to the area’s history with tropical diseases, consider taking preventive measures, such as vaccinations and anti-malarial medications, before your visit.
Overview
Gandong Park (甘东公园) is located in Zhenxin Road (震新路) at the Tuanjie Square (团结广场) in Gengma County (耿马傣族佤族自治县), Lincang City (临沧市), Yunnan Province (云南省). This area was originally a Dai (傣族) village. Following the devastating Gengma earthquake on November 6, 1988, the residents relocated, and the local government transformed the site into a public park. The park covers an area of 106 acres and features a gently sloping terrain that rises from the south to the north.
Main Attractions
The park’s entrance is adorned with intricate dragon and phoenix carvings, featuring a sign that reads “Gandong Park” (甘东公园), inscribed by Zhao Tingguang (赵廷光), who was the Vice Governor of Yunnan Province at the time. The park is divided into five distinct areas:
- Leisure and Scenic Area (休闲游赏区)
- Cultural and Entertainment Area (文化娱乐区)
- Children’s Play Area (儿童游乐区)
- Animal Observation Area (动物观赏区)
- Water Sports Area (水上游戏区)
Within the park, you will find over 20 attractions, including a zoo, a botanical garden, pavilions, and a lotus pond. Visitors can enjoy the blooming flowers in the botanical garden, engage in board games or tea tasting in the entertainment area, and unwind under the lush trees by the shimmering water.
How to Get There
By Car: From Lincang City, drive towards Gengma County. Follow local signs to Zhenxin Road and Tuanjie Square.
By Bus: Buses from Lincang City to Gengma County regularly run. Upon arrival, you can walk to Gandong Park, which is centrally located in the county.
Travel Tips
- Best Time to Visit: Spring and early summer are ideal for viewing blooming flowers and enjoying pleasant weather.
- Facilities: Bring your own snacks and drinks if you plan to spend the day, as there may be limited food options inside the park.
- Local Culture: Respect local customs, especially in areas that reflect Dai culture. Engaging with local residents can enrich your experience.
- Photography: Capture the beauty of the park, but be mindful of any restrictions in certain areas.
Overview
Yunjue Temple, originally known as Wumiao (武庙), is located at No. 8, Yunjue Alley, Aihua Community, Aihua Town, Yunxian County (云县), Lincang (临沧), Yunnan Province (云南省). The temple faces east and occupies an area of 1,588 square meters, with a building area of 779 square meters. It consists of several key structures: the Main Hall (大雄宝殿), the North and South Wing Rooms (南北两厢房), the Hall of Heavenly Kings (天王殿), the Hall of Weituo (韦陀殿), and the Guanyin Hall (观音殿).
The Main Hall is five bays wide, measuring 18.5 meters in width and 13 meters in depth, featuring a single eave hipped roof supported by a truss structure. The doors, windows, eaves, and column capitals are intricately carved with floral and dragon motifs, showcasing exquisite craftsmanship.
Introduction
Yunjue Temple, colloquially known as Dawu Miao (大武庙), is situated at the foot of Xiangshan Mountain (象山) in Yun County. The environment is serene and peaceful, with a historic ancient mosque to the south and Xiugan Temple (岫庵) to the north. The original structure was a Confucian temple built between the eighth year of the Guangxu Era (光绪八年, 1882) and the twenty-eighth year (光绪二十八年, 1902). It was later converted into a military temple by Governor Lei Yuanshu (雷元澍), who also relocated the Confucian temple back to its original site.
Temple Features
The temple’s architectural layout includes the Main Hall, two side wings, and a mountain gate. The Main Hall features three large bays, with a width of 18.5 meters and a depth of 13 meters. The single eave hipped roof has a rafter system adorned with elegant brackets, standing at a height of 10 meters, with a terrace elevated at 4 meters. The entire structure resembles a palace, decorated with intricate carvings and ornate decorations, creating a spacious and majestic atmosphere.
Flanking the entrance to the temple are sculptures of the Four Heavenly Kings (四大金刚), while the interior houses statues of various Buddhist figures, including the Tathāgata (如来), the Three Buddha (三世佛), Kṣitigarbha (伽蓝), Bodhidharma (达摩), Guanyin (观世音), Maitreya (弥勒佛), and the Eighteen Arhats (十八罗汉), all crafted to evoke a sense of solemnity and grandeur. Today, Yunjue Temple serves as the headquarters for the Yunxian Buddhist Association and is recognized as a county-level protected site.
Since its designation as a place for Buddhist activities, the temple has been adorned with plaques and couplets, and the grounds have been landscaped with flowers and trees, creating a tranquil atmosphere filled with the sounds of morning bells and evening drums. It has become a center for Buddhist activities and a popular destination for tourists in Yun County.
How to Get There
By Car
From Yun County (云县) city center, drive along Xianglin Highway (祥临公路) for approximately 20 minutes. Turn right near the Yun County Passenger Station (云县客运站) to enter the Yunjue Temple Scenic Area (云觉寺景区). The total distance is about 8 kilometers, taking around 30 minutes by car.
By Public Transportation
Take a bus from Yun County city center to Yunjue Temple. The journey takes about 20 minutes, with a ticket price of approximately ¥5 per person. After disembarking, follow the signs to walk to the temple.
Travel Tips
- Best Time to Visit: Plan your visit during the early morning or late afternoon for a quieter experience and to enjoy the peaceful atmosphere.
- Respect Local Customs: Be mindful of Buddhist practices and decorum while inside the temple.
- Photography: Ensure you check for any restrictions on photography in sacred areas to preserve the sanctity of the space.
- Local Cuisine: Consider trying local dishes at nearby restaurants to enhance your travel experience in Yun County.
- Guided Tours: Hiring a local guide can provide deeper insights into the temple’s history and cultural significance.
Overview
The Manghuai Site (忙怀新石器遗址) is a significant Neolithic archaeological site located approximately 40 kilometers east of Yunxian County (云县) in Lincang City (临沧市), Yunnan Province (云南省), specifically within Manghuai Township (忙怀乡). This site is situated in the mid-stream area of the Lancang River (澜沧江) and is distributed along the hillside where the Shundian River (顺甸河) intersects with the Lancang River. Not far from the site is the well-known Manwan Hydropower Station (曼湾电站).
Historical Significance
The Manghuai Neolithic cultural site primarily consists of two areas: the Old Foundation Site (旧地基遗址) and the Manggan Site (曼干遗址). These sites were named after their discovery in Manghuai, Yunxian. The Old Foundation Site is located about two kilometers from Manghuai Town (忙怀镇) in Yunxian.
In 1974, the Yunnan Provincial Museum (云南省博物馆) conducted excavations that revealed the presence of Neolithic cultural remains in the mid-stream region of the Lancang River, represented by Manghuai. This cultural type is newly identified in Yunnan Province and is characterized by shoulder stone axes (有肩石斧), also known as double-shoulder stone axes, stone shovels, and stone adzes.
The Old Foundation Site measures 130 meters in length and 120 meters in width, covering an area of approximately 15,600 square meters. Excavations revealed artifacts such as stone axes, stone net weights, molds, pottery shards, and stone anvils, with the stone tools predominantly made from pebbles. The pottery found at the site includes various jars, primarily made of gray and red clay, featuring decorations like plain surfaces, cord patterns, and nipple patterns.
Cultural Heritage
Located two kilometers from the Manghuai Township government, on the west bank of the Lancang River near the Luozha River (罗扎河), the site at Banpo (半坡) in Bangliu Village (邦六村) has also been identified as a Neolithic cultural site. This area, centered around Manghuai, is a typical representative of the Neolithic culture in the Lancang River basin. The “Manghuai Culture” is considered a cradle of human civilization, alongside the Yellow River (黄河) and Yangtze River (长江) basins in China.
In June 1974, excavations indicated that this area was home to human activity during the Neolithic period, approximately 4,000 years ago. Numerous double-shoulder stone axes, stone weights, and pottery shards were unearthed, showcasing the region’s rich cultural history.
Notable Discoveries
The Manghuai culture encompasses the Neolithic culture found in the Lancang River basin. Similar sites have been identified in other regions, such as the Mulu River (马鹿塘) between Dazhaoshan (大朝山) and the Lancang River, as well as the Baihu Village (百户寨) Neolithic site in Manwan Town (曼湾镇). In 1984, the Archaeological Institute discovered additional sites in the Manwan Hydropower Station’s submerged area, indicating the extensive reach of Neolithic settlements.
Moreover, in August 1998, archaeologists discovered another Neolithic site in Manggan Village (曼干村) along the Lancang River, further solidifying the region’s archaeological significance. Findings from various sites, including artifacts such as double-shoulder stone axes and net weights, have been confirmed as part of the “Manghuai Neolithic Culture,” establishing a new cultural type recognized by archaeologists.
How to Get There
By Car: From Lincang City, drive east toward Yunxian County, following signs to Manghuai Township. The site is approximately 40 kilometers from the county seat.
By Bus: Take a bus from Lincang to Yunxian County. Upon arrival, you may need to hire a taxi to reach Manghuai Township.
Travel Tips
- Best Time to Visit: Plan your visit during the dry season for easier access and better exploration conditions.
- Respect for Heritage: When visiting archaeological sites, maintain a respectful distance from excavated areas and refrain from touching artifacts.
- Local Guides: Consider hiring a local guide to enrich your understanding of the site’s history and cultural significance.
- Photography: Check for any restrictions on photography, especially in areas where cultural artifacts are present.
Overview
Shengjiao Temple (圣教寺), also known as Sanjiao Temple (三教寺), is located in Tanjia Potou (田家坡头) on Lixin Street (立新街) in Yunxian County (云县), Lincang (临沧). The temple was originally built in the first year of the Yongle Era (永乐元年) of the Ming Dynasty (明朝) in 1403, serving as a small Theravada Buddhist temple for the Dai ethnic group (傣族). In the 32nd year of the Wanli Era (万历三十二年) in 1604, the temple was incorporated into the national administrative system and came under the management of the Ministry of Rites (礼部).
Historical Significance
During its history, Shengjiao Temple underwent significant renovations, including the construction of a new Guanyin Hall (观音殿) and meditation rooms (禅房). The main hall was transformed to depict the entire landscape of Putuo Mountain (普陀全景), marking it as one of the oldest Zen Buddhist temples in Yunxian. Most of the temple’s Buddha statues were destroyed before the Cultural Revolution (文化大革命), and currently, only the main hall remains.
In 1985, with the approval of the county government, Shengjiao Temple was designated as a Taoist activity site. The Guanyin Hall was renovated, and normal religious activities were restored. The main hall now features newly sculpted deities, including Laojun (老君), along with newly added plaques and couplets. Today, it attracts numerous worshippers, making it an important cultural relic protection unit in Yunxian County.
How to Get There
By Car: From Lincang, drive to Yunxian County. Follow signs to Lixin Street and then to Tanjia Potou where Shengjiao Temple is located.
By Bus: Buses operate from Lincang to Yunxian County. After arriving, you can take a taxi or walk to the temple.
Travel Tips
- Visiting Hours: Confirm the temple’s visiting hours, especially during religious ceremonies.
- Respectful Attire: Dress modestly to show respect for the religious site.
- Photography: Always seek permission before photographing religious figures or ceremonies inside the temple.
- Local Culture: Engage with local practices and traditions to enrich your understanding of the area’s cultural heritage.
Overview
Huiying Mosque (云县漫湾镇新村回营清真寺) is located in Xincun (新村) of Manwan Town (漫湾镇), Yunxian County (云县), Lincang (临沧). The mosque was built during the late Qing Dynasty (清朝) under the Guangxu Emperor (光绪). Following the implementation of religious policies, it has undergone multiple renovations. Covering an area of 1,500 square meters, the main hall of the mosque has a construction area of 185 square meters and currently employs three staff members. In 2005, it was designated as a county-level cultural relic protection unit.
Historical Background
The origins of Huiying Mosque date back to the late Yuan Dynasty (元末) and the early Ming Dynasty (明初). It has since experienced numerous repairs and reconstructions, managed by 13 successive board members responsible for the mosque’s maintenance and the hiring of imams (阿訇). A total of 18 teachers (阿訇) have served at the mosque throughout its history.
After the establishment of the Yunxian People’s Government (云县人民政府) in 1950, the district government and farmers’ association office were located at Huiying Mosque. Under the leadership of the Communist Party, the local Hui community actively participated in various initiatives, including grain collection, utilizing their homes for storage, and engaging in movements such as the suppression of banditry, rent reduction, land reform, and support for the Korean War. Over time, the office locations changed, moving out of Huiying Mosque during the Cultural Revolution (文化大革命) to Xincun Street (新村街).
Throughout different eras, the Hui community in Xincun has coexisted harmoniously with other ethnic minorities, working together to create a better life.
How to Get There
By Car: From Lincang, drive to Yunxian County. Follow local signage to Manwan Town and then to Xincun where Huiying Mosque is located.
By Bus: Buses run regularly from Lincang to Yunxian County. Upon arriving, take a local taxi or walk to Xincun.
Travel Tips
- Visiting Hours: Check local guidelines for visiting hours, especially during prayer times.
- Cultural Respect: Dress modestly and be respectful of religious practices while visiting the mosque.
- Local Cuisine: Try local Hui dishes in nearby eateries to experience the rich culture of the Hui people.
- Photography: Always ask for permission before taking photos of people or religious activities inside the mosque.
You Might Like
- 1 Day Kunming Stone Forest Tour with Yunnan Ethnic Villages
- 10 Days Northeast and Soutwest Yunnan Winter Birding Tour to Zhaotong and XishuangBanna
- 2 Days Bamei Xanadu Village Tour from Kunming by Speed Train
- 2 Days Shangri La Balagezong Grand Canyon Tour
- 6 Days Yunnan Coffee, Tea and Minority Culture Tour to Puer and XishuangBanna
- 7 Days Yunnan Muslim Tour with Shadian Mosque and Yuanyang Rice Terraces (Kunming-Jianshui-Yuanyang-Shadian-Mile-Kunming)
- 1 Day Cangyuan Wa Ethnic Culture Tour
- 6 Days Yunnan Ancient Villages Tour with Puzhehei Scenic Area and Bamei Xanadu Village
Mangnuo Stone Inscriptions in Shuangjiang County, Lincang
Overview The Mangnuo Stone Inscriptions (忙糯石刻群, Mángnuò Shíkè Qún) are a significant historical site located near the ancient post road at Xiaobidi (小必地, Xiǎobìdì) in Mangnuo Township (忙糯乡, Mángnuò...
Shifodong Cave Site of Neolithic Period in Gengma County, Lincang
Introduction The Shifodong Cave Site (耿马石佛洞遗址) is a significant Neolithic cultural site located 25 kilometers south of Gengma County (耿马县) on the banks of the Xiaohei River (小黑江). This...
Baima Square in Gengma County, Lincang
Introduction Baima Square (白马广场), located in the center of Gengma County (耿马县), Lincang City (临沧市), Yunnan Province (云南省), is a unique fusion of ethnic culture and tropical natural beauty....
Anti-earthquake Monument in Gengma County, Lincang
Overview The Anti-earthquake Monument耿马抗震纪念碑, located in Gengma County (耿马傣族佤族自治县), Lincang (临沧市), Yunnan Province (云南省), stands 22 meters tall. The upper section features a square white stupa, rising 13 meters...
Zongfosi Temple in Gengma County, Lincang
Overview Zongfosi Temple (耿马总佛寺, Gěngmǎ Zǒngfó Sì), known in the Dai language as Wā Xìlì Zhuānmèng, is a notable Theravada Buddhist temple located in Gengma County (耿马县, Gěngmǎ Xiàn),...
Dongjing Temple in Gengma County, Lincang
Overview Dongjing Temple耿马县孟定洞景佛寺, located in Dongjing Village (洞景寨), Gengma County (耿马傣族佤族自治县), Lincang (临沧), Yunnan Province (云南省), was established in the 874th year of the Dai calendar (1512 AD). This...
Mengding Basin in Gengma County, Lincang
Overview Mengding Basin (孟定坝) is an alluvial wide valley basin formed by the erosion and deposition of the Nanti River (南汀河) since the 4th century. Surrounded by hills, the...
Gandong Park in Gengma County, Lincang
Overview Gandong Park (甘东公园) is located in Zhenxin Road (震新路) at the Tuanjie Square (团结广场) in Gengma County (耿马傣族佤族自治县), Lincang City (临沧市), Yunnan Province (云南省). This area was originally...
Yunjue Temple in Yunxian County, Lincang
Overview Yunjue Temple, originally known as Wumiao (武庙), is located at No. 8, Yunjue Alley, Aihua Community, Aihua Town, Yunxian County (云县), Lincang (临沧), Yunnan Province (云南省). The temple...
Manghuai Site of Neolithic Period in Yunxian County, Lincang
Overview The Manghuai Site (忙怀新石器遗址) is a significant Neolithic archaeological site located approximately 40 kilometers east of Yunxian County (云县) in Lincang City (临沧市), Yunnan Province (云南省), specifically within...
Shengjiao Temple in Yunxian County, Lincang
Overview Shengjiao Temple (圣教寺), also known as Sanjiao Temple (三教寺), is located in Tanjia Potou (田家坡头) on Lixin Street (立新街) in Yunxian County (云县), Lincang (临沧). The temple was...
Huiying Mosque in Yunxian County, Lincang
Overview Huiying Mosque (云县漫湾镇新村回营清真寺) is located in Xincun (新村) of Manwan Town (漫湾镇), Yunxian County (云县), Lincang (临沧). The mosque was built during the late Qing Dynasty (清朝) under...
Latest Articles
Yunnan Travel from Copenhagen of Denmark
2025-06-17Yunnan Travel from Denmark
2025-06-17Yunnan Travel from Dominican Republic
2025-06-17Contact Info
