Overview of Yumeng Temple

Yumeng Temple (禹门寺) is located about 1 kilometer north of Shiyan Jiao Village in Midong Township, Mile County (弥勒县), Honghe Prefecture (红河州), Yunnan Province (云南省), approximately 5 kilometers from the city center. The temple was first built in the 36th year of the Wanli reign of the Ming Dynasty (明万历三十六年, 1608) and was reconstructed during the Kangxi reign of the Qing Dynasty (清康熙年间). Yumeng Temple is situated to the south of Xiaozhai Village (小寨子村) at the northern entrance of Yumeng Waterfall (禹门瀑布).

The temple houses remnants of ancient steles, including inscriptions related to Yang Shengwu (杨绳武) and his father Yang Zhen (杨祯). These inscriptions capture the essence of their time, preserving warmth amid the desolation of history. One weathered inscription known as the “Stele of Permanent Residence at Yumeng Temple” records that the temple was founded by a monk named Zhenkong (真空) in 1608. During the Kangxi era, a monk named Jiezhong (解中) traveled to Yunnan, captivated by Yumeng and chose to settle here, spreading teachings that gained widespread fame. In 1714, local citizens enthusiastically donated funds to rebuild Yumeng Temple, which features a main hall with three bays, a front hall with three bays, and side rooms, all arranged impressively.

Historical Significance of Yang Shengwu

My visit to Yumeng Temple stemmed from its simplicity, leading me to discover the remarkable figure of Yang Shengwu, a renowned military commander of the Ming Dynasty. Yang Shengwu was born with a deep love for literature and poetry, yet his father, Yang Sanyang (杨三阳), hoped he would pursue martial arts and military strategy. To facilitate his focus, Yang Sanyang carved a cave into a cliff by the Yumeng River (禹门河) for his son to study undisturbed.

In this tranquil setting, young Yang Shengwu immersed himself in literature, realizing the urgency of defending his homeland against floods and enemies. He pledged to become a righteous figure, dedicated to both loyalty and filial piety.

At the foot of the western cliff, ancient people excavated three interconnected caves, now adorned with three stone tablets (partially destroyed) that read “Famous Mountain Stone Chamber,” “Solitary Cloud on a Fragmented Rock,” and “Yang Zhuang’s Reading Place.” The latter reflects Yang Shengwu’s aspirations to govern his family and country, a place where he diligently studied.

One day, inspired, he wrote a poem titled “Thoughts at Yumeng” (《禹门漫兴》) stating:

“In the Zen forest, we remain unchanging; Let not the wise scoff at the passionate fools. If only the mountains and waters can be taken away, This is when the wayward youth emerges from the valley.”

Years later, he confidently entered the imperial examination, achieving various honors and culminating as a literary official in the Hanlin Academy (翰林院). Throughout his ten most brilliant years, he held numerous prestigious positions, earning a reputation for his contributions to governance and military prowess. Sadly, he passed away during a campaign against the invading Qing army, posthumously honored with titles and a commendatory name reflecting his legacy.

Yumeng’s Cultural Landscape

Mile County (弥勒县) is a place of tranquility and beauty, enriched by its association with figures like Yang Shengwu, who is celebrated for his efforts in flood control and military strategy, as well as for his literary achievements. He remains one of the ten great figures influencing Mile.

Yumeng Temple, Yumeng Waterfall, Yang Shengwu’s Reading Cave (杨绳武读书洞), and Yang’s ancestral hall collectively embody the area’s cultural significance. The waterfall’s majesty continues to resonate with the legacy of Yang Shengwu, offering a tranquil escape that echoes the past.

Visiting Yumeng Waterfall

Nestled just about 5 kilometers from Mile City, in Xiaozhai Village along the Yumeng River, Yumeng Waterfall is a breathtaking sight, particularly during the rainy season when it roars with impressive force. A trail leads directly from the waterfall to the historic Yumeng Temple, a place where visitors come to pay homage, especially during Buddhist festivals.

This largely undeveloped site remains unspoiled, retaining its natural beauty and echoing the inscription: “The scenery is completely tranquil here, enchanting countless lovers.” The local ecosystem, while beautiful, suffers from litter due to lack of management. Nonetheless, this picturesque area has the potential to attract tourism similar to that of the Stone Forest (石林).

Travel Tips and How to Get There

How to Get There:

1. From Mile City, take Mishi Road (弥师路) towards Luxi (泸西).
2. After crossing the old National Highway 326, continue toward Luxi until you reach a gas station.
3. Proceed over a bridge for about 500 meters and turn right into Yapun Long Village (丫普龙村).
4. Follow the signs towards Yumeng Temple.

Travel Tips:

• Visit during the rainy season for the best waterfall experience.
• Prepare for some hiking, as the trails may be rugged.
• Bring water and snacks, as facilities may be limited.
• Respect local customs when visiting the temple and surrounding areas.
• Consider visiting during Buddhist festivals for a lively atmosphere.

Yumeng Temple and Yumeng Waterfall offer a unique blend of history, culture, and natural beauty, making it a must-visit destination in Yunnan Province.

The Luxi Confucius Temple (泸西文庙) is located in Luxi County (泸西县), within the Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture (红河哈尼族彝族自治州) of Yunnan Province (云南省). The temple was originally built in the 17th year of the Ming Chenghua era (1481) and was reconstructed in the 13th year of the Qing Guangxu era (1887).

Architectural Overview

The Luxi Confucius Temple (泸西文庙) features a four-courtyard layout:

• First Courtyard: Contains a screen wall (照壁), pond (泮池), Phoenix Gate (腾蛟凤起门坊), and huabiao (华表).
• Second Courtyard: Includes the Lingxing Gate (棂星坊), Kong Gate (孔门), and Yilu (义路), leading to the Dacheng Gate (大成门).
• Third Courtyard: Houses the Hall of the First Teacher (先师殿), with side halls and ear rooms.
• Fourth Courtyard: Contains the Chongsheng Hall (崇圣殿) and additional ear rooms.

The Hall of the First Teacher (先师殿) is architecturally rigorous, featuring a hip roof with a width of 25 meters and a depth of 16.5 meters, sitting on a platform that is 1.45 meters high. The Chongsheng Hall (崇圣祠) has a single eave and also employs bracket supports. In 1983, the temple was designated as a cultural heritage site in Luxi County (泸西县). The temple now includes an exhibition room for cultural relics.

Regional Geography

The Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture (红河哈尼族彝族自治州) is situated in the southern Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, characterized by diverse landforms such as limestone mountains, plateaus, valleys, basins, and hills. The region experiences significant elevation changes and has a complex terrain with abundant rainfall, ample sunlight, and a mild temperature variation throughout the year, primarily featuring a subtropical plateau monsoon climate.

Due to the Tropic of Cancer traversing the region, temperatures and humidity increase from north to south, resulting in a humid and hot climate. The rainy season typically spans from May to October, while frost occurs from late November to February of the following year. Therefore, the best times to visit the Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture (红河哈尼族彝族自治州) are in March-April and September-November, avoiding the hot and rainy summer and autumn months.

Exploring Luxi Confucius Temple: A Cultural Treasure of Yunnan!

? The Luxi Confucius Temple (泸西文庙), an ancient building established in the 17th year of the Ming Chenghua era, embodies a profound historical and cultural heritage. Entering the temple feels like stepping back in time to an era that revered literature and education.

? The four courtyards of the temple are meticulously designed, with each section showcasing unique architectural styles and symbolic meanings. From the screen wall (照壁) and pond (泮池) to the Phoenix Gate (腾蛟凤起门坊) and huabiao (华表), every detail radiates an aura of ancient elegance.

? Particularly noteworthy is the Lingxing Gate (棂星门), the first gate of the temple. Its name derives from the “Lingxing” in ancient astronomy, symbolizing respect for Confucius as if worshipping the heavens, reflecting the significance of Confucianism in feudal society. The calligraphy on the gate—棂星门—displays a robust and majestic style that is truly awe-inspiring.

? Walking through the temple, the red walls and green tiles, along with the lush cypress trees, exude the beauty of time-worn elegance. Notably, the inscription on either side of the Lingxing Gate (棂星门)—“鸢飞鱼跃”—is closely related to Confucian educational ideals, allowing visitors to appreciate not only the calligraphy but also the profound impact of Confucian thought.

? The Luxi Confucius Temple (泸西文庙) is not only the second-largest Confucius temple in Yunnan Province but also a treasure of Chinese culture. Whether you are a calligraphy enthusiast or a history buff, this ancient structure rich in cultural heritage is a must-visit. Come to the Luxi Confucius Temple (泸西文庙) to experience the weight of history and the charm of culture!

How to Get There

• By Air: Fly into Kunming Changshui International Airport (昆明长水国际机场) and take a bus or train to Luxi County (泸西县).
• By Train: Regular train services connect Kunming (昆明) with Luxi County (泸西县).
• By Bus: Long-distance buses from major cities to Luxi County (泸西县) are available, with local transport options to the temple.

Travel Tips

• Respectful Visit: Show reverence at the temple, as it holds cultural and historical significance.
• Best Time to Visit: Plan your visit during the milder months of spring or autumn for the best experience.
• Local Cuisine: Explore local food options in Luxi County (泸西县).
• Cultural Awareness: Be mindful of local customs and etiquette while visiting historical sites.
• Weather Preparedness: Check the weather forecast to dress appropriately for your visit.

The Tomb of Yang Zhiting (杨治庭烈士墓) is located 0.1 km east of Aji Village Committee (阿基村委会) in Aji Town (阿基乡), Mile City (弥勒市), within the Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture (红河哈尼族彝族自治州) of Yunnan Province (云南省). It serves as a county-level martyr memorial facility.

Overview of the Tomb

• Chinese Name: 杨治庭烈士墓
• Established: 1948
• Location: 200 meters south of Aji Village (阿基邑村)
• Shape: Rectangular
• Dimensions: Length 3 meters, Width 2 meters, Height 1.5 meters
• Stele Height: 1.2 meters
• Protection Level: County-level martyr memorial facility

Protection Measures

The Tomb of Yang Zhiting (杨治庭烈士墓) has been designated as a county-level martyr memorial facility, ensuring its preservation and recognition.

Martyr Introduction

Yang Zhiting (杨治廷), a male member of the Yi ethnic group (彝族), was born in 1914. He was a member of the Communist Party of China (中共) and hailed from Aji Village (阿基邑村) in Aji Town (阿基乡). Yang joined the revolution in October 1947 and became the leader of the Mile West Mountain Guerrilla Team (弥勒西山游击队). He sacrificed his life on January 25, 1948, in Mile City (弥勒市).

Yang Zhiting (1914–1948) led the Mile West Mountain Guerrilla Team (弥勒西山游击队) in battles against the Kuomintang (国民党) forces. He was seriously injured and captured during combat. Despite enduring severe torture in prison, he remained unyielding and was executed in May 1948 at the eastern gate of the county town. Yang’s heroism and integrity showcased the spirit of a Communist Party member.

Geographic Location

The Tomb of Yang Zhiting (杨治庭烈士墓) is situated 0.1 km east of Aji Village Committee (阿基村委会) in Aji Town (阿基乡), Mile City (弥勒市), within the Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture (红河哈尼族彝族自治州).

How to Get There

• By Air: Fly into Kunming Changshui International Airport (昆明长水国际机场). From there, take a bus or train to Mile City (弥勒市).
• By Train: Trains run frequently from Kunming (昆明) to Mile City (弥勒市). Local transportation options can take you to Aji Village (阿基村).
• By Bus: Long-distance buses from major cities to Mile City (弥勒市) are available, with connections to Aji Town (阿基乡).

Travel Tips

• Respectful Visit: When visiting the tomb, show respect for the site as it commemorates a martyr’s sacrifice.
• Best Time to Visit: Spring and autumn are ideal times due to mild weather.
• Local Cuisine: Take the opportunity to explore local delicacies in Mile City (弥勒市).
• Cultural Awareness: Be mindful of local customs and practices, especially in historical and memorial contexts.
• Weather Preparedness: Check the weather forecast and dress accordingly, especially if you plan to walk or travel in the area.

The Pengjin Wenchang Palace (朋晋文昌宫) is located in Dongyu (东隅), Pengjin Town (朋晋镇), Mile County (弥勒县), in the Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture (红河哈尼族彝族自治州) of Yunnan Province (云南省). It was originally built during the Ming Dynasty (明朝) and was rebuilt in the early Qing Dynasty (清朝).

Historical Overview

The construction of the Pengjin Wenchang Palace (朋晋文昌宫) dates back to the Ming Dynasty (明朝), with significant renovations occurring during the early Qing Dynasty (清朝). The Guixiang Pavilion (桂香阁) within the palace was established in the 9th year of the Qianlong Era (乾隆九年), which corresponds to 1744. The architectural complex includes the main gate, front hall, two wings, and the main hall.

The main hall features a double-eave hip roof and measures 23 meters wide and 14 meters deep, with a platform height of 1.45 meters. The front hall has a single-eave hip roof and a bracketed beam structure, measuring 17 meters in width and 13 meters in depth. The entire Wenchang Palace complex covers an area of 2,500 square meters. In 1981, it was designated as a cultural heritage site by Mile County (弥勒县).

Geographic and Climatic Features

Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture (红河哈尼族彝族自治州) is situated in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau (云贵高原), characterized by diverse geological formations, including limestone mountains, plateaus, valleys, dam areas, and hills. The elevation varies significantly, resulting in a complex topography. The region receives ample precipitation, enjoys abundant sunlight, has a small annual temperature variation, and features a humid climate influenced by the monsoon, primarily classified as a subtropical plateau monsoon climate.

Due to the Tropic of Cancer passing through the prefecture, temperatures and humidity generally increase from north to south, resulting in a hot and humid climate. The rainy season in Honghe typically occurs from May to October, while frost periods are observed from late November to the following January and February. Therefore, the best times to visit Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture (红河哈尼族彝族自治州) are in March to April and September to November, avoiding the hot and rainy summer and autumn months.

How to Get There

• By Air: Fly into Kunming Changshui International Airport (昆明长水国际机场) and take a bus or train to Mile City (弥勒市).
• By Train: Trains run regularly from Kunming (昆明) to Mile City (弥勒市), from where local transport can take you to Pengjin Town (朋晋镇).
• By Bus: Long-distance buses are available from major cities to Mile City (弥勒市), with services connecting to Pengjin Town (朋晋镇).

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Plan your visit during March to April or September to November for mild weather and less rainfall.
• Local Cuisine: Don’t miss the opportunity to try local delicacies in Mile City (弥勒市).
• Cultural Respect: Be respectful of local customs and practices, especially in religious and historical sites.
• Weather Preparation: Bring appropriate clothing for variable weather conditions, especially if visiting during the transitional seasons.
• Photography: Capture the beauty of the palace and its surroundings, but ensure you follow any restrictions on photography within the site.

The Tomb of Cao Gui (曹士桂墓) is located in Mingjiu Village (鸣鹫村), Mingjiu Township (鸣鹫乡), Mengzi City (蒙自市). This tomb is constructed from bluestone and is a burial mound measuring 3 meters in diameter and 1.8 meters in height. The tombstone stands at 1.38 meters and was established in the 21st year of the Guangxu Era (光绪二十一年), which corresponds to 1895.

Overview of Cao Gui (曹士桂)

Cao Gui (曹士桂), who lived from 1800 to 1848, was known by his courtesy name Dan Nian (丹年) and his literary name Fu Tang (馥堂). He was recognized as a juren (举人) in the second year of the Daoguang Era (道光二年) and served as the county magistrate in places such as Guangchang (广昌) in Jiangxi Province (江西). In the 27th year of the Daoguang Era (道光二十七年), he was appointed to the position of Tongzhi (同知) in Lugang (鹿港) and Tamsui (淡水), Taiwan. He conducted extensive investigations into Taiwan’s mountainous areas, and his work titled “Diaries from the Bureaucratic Sea (宦海日记)” serves as an important resource for studying Taiwan’s historical geography and local customs. The tomb was designated as a cultural heritage site by the Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture (红河哈尼族彝族自治州) in 1983.

Cao Gui’s Bronze Statue (曹士桂铜像)

A bronze statue honoring Cao Gui (曹士桂), a notable figure from Mengzi City (蒙自市), was unveiled at the National Unity Square (民族团结广场) in Mingjiu Town (鸣鹫镇). The ceremony was attended by over 40 people, including local government officials and village representatives.

Cao Gui (曹士桂) was a native of Mingjiu Village (鸣鹫村), Mengzi City (蒙自市). He excelled academically, passing the xiucai (秀才) examination at the age of 18 and achieving the juren (举人) degree at 22, which marked the beginning of his bureaucratic career. In 1845, he was appointed as Tongzhi (理番同知) in Northern Taiwan (北路) (Lugang), and later became the principal of the Xuehai Academy (学海书院). He passed away in 1848 while in office at the age of 47. The local residents of Tamsui (淡水) honored him posthumously with the plaque titled “Tamsui’s Pure Breeze (淡水清风)”.

Cao Gui (曹士桂) was known for his diligence in governance and his love for poetry and literature, producing a significant body of written work during his tenure. One of his poems vividly describes the local conditions in Taiwan: “竹篱茅舍结村居，半饱薯芋半饱鱼，漫向台阳夸富庶，萧条满眼欲嘘欷！”
(“Bamboo fences and thatched cottages form the village dwellings, half-fed on taro and fish; casually boasting prosperity under the sun, yet desolation fills the eyes with sighs!”)

His work, “Diaries from the Bureaucratic Sea (宦海日记)”, chronicles his experiences and observations during his tenure in Taiwan from 1846 to 1847, reflecting the social conditions, natural scenery, and local customs of the time. It is infused with sentiments of patriotism and aspirations for the development of the island.

Today, the “Diaries from the Bureaucratic Sea (宦海日记)” is preserved at the Yunnan Provincial Museum (云南省博物馆) and stands as a primary source documenting the political, economic, and cultural landscape of late Qing Dynasty Taiwan, holding significant historical and literary value. It has become a testament to the historical connections between Yunnan and Taiwan.

How to Get There

• By Air: Fly into Kunming Changshui International Airport (昆明长水国际机场), then take a connecting flight to Honghe (红河) or travel by road.
• By Train: Take a train from Kunming (昆明) to Mengzi (蒙自), followed by a local taxi to Mingjiu Village (鸣鹫村).
• By Bus: Regular bus services operate between major cities and Mengzi City (蒙自市), providing convenient access to the area.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: October to April offers the best weather for exploration.
• Respect Local Customs: Be mindful of cultural practices when visiting historical sites.
• Guided Tours: Consider taking guided tours for deeper insights into Cao Gui’s life and contributions.
• Photography: Capture the beauty of the surroundings and the tomb, but follow any rules regarding photography.
• Local Cuisine: Don’t miss trying local dishes in Mengzi to enhance your travel experience.

Overview

Gehao Summer Resort (戈浩避暑山庄) is located 3 kilometers northeast of Nanxi Town (南溪镇), Hekou Yao Autonomous County (河口瑶族自治县), in Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture (红河哈尼族彝族自治州), Yunnan Province (云南省). This resort combines folk culture, dense forests, and stunning underground caverns, creating a unique travel destination.

Name

• Chinese Name: 戈浩避暑山庄
• Location: 3 kilometers northeast of Nanxi Town, Hekou County, Honghe Prefecture

Features

Gehao Summer Resort is composed of three main parts:

1. Folk Customs Village

This area showcases traditional Yao (瑶族) housing and cultural practices, allowing visitors to immerse themselves in the local customs and lifestyle of the Yao people.

2. Longge Forest Park

This forest park features lush greenery and a diverse range of exotic flowers and plants. Visitors can stroll through the scenic trails, enjoying the beauty and tranquility of nature.

3. Underground Cavern Scenic Area

Located at the foot of Longge Mountain (龙戈山), this underground cavern stretches 1,000 meters and boasts breathtaking views. The spectacular rock formations and unique landscapes make it a must-see for adventurers and nature lovers alike.

Climate and Environment

The resort offers a refreshing retreat from the summer heat, allowing visitors to experience the coolness and mystery of nature. It is an ideal location for those looking to escape the hustle and bustle of urban life and enjoy a serene environment.

Opening Hours

• Daily: 8:00 AM – 6:00 PM

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: The resort is especially popular during the summer months, but visiting during the shoulder seasons (spring and autumn) can also provide a pleasant experience.
• What to Bring: Comfortable walking shoes, a camera for capturing the beautiful scenery, and water for hydration.
• Cultural Respect: Be mindful of local customs and traditions, particularly when visiting the Folk Customs Village.

How to Get There

To reach Gehao Summer Resort, visitors can drive or take public transportation to Hekou County. From the county center, head northeast towards Nanxi Town. Local taxis and buses are available for convenience.

Nearby Attractions

• Hekou County (河口县): Explore the rich cultural heritage and natural beauty of this autonomous county.
• Longge Mountain (龙戈山): A nearby mountain offering hiking opportunities and stunning vistas.

Gehao Summer Resort is a perfect getaway for anyone looking to connect with nature and learn about the rich cultural heritage of the Yao people while enjoying the unique beauty of Yunnan.

Overview

The Xizai Filial Piety Archway (息宰节孝坊) is located 500 meters northeast of Xizai Village (息宰村), Xizai Township (息宰乡), Mile City (弥勒市), Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture (红河哈尼族彝族自治州), Yunnan Province (云南省). It is a memorial archway dedicated to the virtuous character of Yan’s wife, the wife of the Qing dynasty scholar Zhang Erhe (张尔翮).

Name

• Chinese Name: 息宰节孝坊
• Type: Filial Piety Archway
• Protection Level: Cultural Heritage Unit of Mile County

Geographic Location

• Coordinates: 500 meters northeast of Xizai Village, Mile City, Honghe Prefecture, Yunnan Province

Structure

The archway is made of blue stone, measuring 6.3 meters wide, 6 meters high, and 1.5 meters deep. It features a heavy eave, four columns, and three openings, with crouching lions on either side. The central plaque bears the inscription “圣旨旌表” (Imperial Edict Honor). The intricate carvings of the archway were designated a cultural heritage unit in 1983.

Geography and Climate

Honghe Prefecture is situated on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, characterized by its limestone mountains, plateaus, valleys, basins, and hills. The region experiences significant altitude variations and complex terrain, with ample precipitation and sunlight. The climate is primarily subtropical highland monsoon, with humid conditions and minimal temperature variation throughout the year.

Due to its location on the Tropic of Cancer, temperatures and humidity levels increase from north to south. The rainy season occurs mainly from May to October, while the frost period lasts from late November to February. Therefore, the best times to visit Honghe Prefecture are in March-April and September-November when the weather is milder and drier.

Yan Family Filial Piety Archway

The Yan Family Filial Piety Archway (闫氏节孝坊) is also located in Xizai Village and was erected in the ninth year of the Daoguang Emperor’s reign (道光九年) by Yan, the wife of local scholar Zhang Erhe. This structure features blue stone architecture, a three-gable roof with stone brackets under the eaves.

The main hall originally displayed an imperial plaque inscribed with “圣旨旌表” (Imperial Edict Honor), which has since been stolen. The archway features a pair of stone lions and four pairs of drums at its base. The front and back of the main beam have inscriptions celebrating filial piety and virtue, with high artistic value. Aside from the stolen plaque, the rest of the stone carvings remain well-preserved.

This archway is one of only three ancient stone archways remaining in Mile City, alongside the Hongxi “Three Generations, One Product” arch and the “Benevolent and Charitable” arch in Wushan Township (五山乡).

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: March-April and September-November to avoid the rainy season.
• What to Bring: Comfortable walking shoes, a camera for photography, and water.
• Cultural Respect: As this is a historical site, maintain respect for the structure and surrounding areas.

How to Get There

To reach the Xizai Filial Piety Archway, you can drive or take public transportation to Mile City. From the city center, head northeast towards Xizai Village, which is a short drive away. Local taxis are also available for convenience.

Nearby Attractions

• Mile City (弥勒市): Known for its beautiful landscapes and cultural heritage.
• Honghe Prefecture (红河州): Explore other cultural and natural attractions within the region.

Visiting the Xizai Filial Piety Archway offers a unique glimpse into the rich history and cultural significance of filial piety in Chinese society.

Overview

Chinese Name: 归圣寺 (Guisheng Si)
Location: Xishizishan, Xiaolongtan Township, Kaiyuan City, Yunnan Province, China (云南省开远市小龙潭乡西狮子山)
Type: Temple

Guisheng Temple is an ancient Buddhist site with a rich history. While the exact date of its establishment remains unclear, it underwent significant renovations in the sixth year of the Kangxi reign (1667) and the sixteenth year of the Qianlong reign (1751). The temple complex includes several key structures: the front hall (前殿), main hall (大殿), and side halls (厢房), making it one of the principal Buddhist temples on Shishan Mountain (狮山). The temple is enveloped by towering cypress trees and flowing streams, creating a tranquil environment that attracts numerous visitors. In 1983, it was designated as a cultural relic protection unit in Kaiyuan City.

Within the temple, a notable stele inscribed with “Shishan Travel Poem” by the Qing Dynasty scholar Yin Zhuantu (尹壮图) adds to its cultural significance. The stele, carved in the second year of the Jiaqing reign (1797), measures 94 cm in length and 60 cm in width, made of blue stone. It features four seven-character poems composed by Yin Zhuantu during his visit to Shishan Mountain, beautifully describing the landscape and spiritual experiences.

Geography and Climate

The Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture (红河哈尼族彝族自治州) is located in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, characterized by limestone mountains, plateaus, valleys, plains, and hilly terrains. The region has significant altitude variations, resulting in complex topography. The area experiences abundant rainfall, ample sunlight, and a mild temperature range, primarily exhibiting a subtropical highland monsoon climate.

Due to the Tropic of Cancer crossing through the prefecture, temperatures and humidity levels increase from north to south, leading to a humid and hot climate. The rainy season predominantly occurs from May to October, while frost typically appears from late November to January or February of the following year. Therefore, it is advisable to visit the Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture during the mild months of March to April and September to November when rainfall is less frequent.

Visiting Guisheng Temple

Architectural Features

Entering Guisheng Temple, visitors are greeted by the majestic Daxiong Baodian (大雄宝殿), the temple’s main hall. This hall houses three revered golden Buddha statues:

• Shakyamuni Buddha (释迦牟尼佛): The historical Buddha, embodying wisdom and compassion.
• Yaoshi Buddha (药师佛): The Medicine Buddha, representing healing and care for all beings.
• Amitabha Buddha (阿弥陀佛): The Buddha of Infinite Light, offering salvation and refuge to those in need.

Each statue showcases distinct characteristics, inviting devotees to offer prayers and incense in hopes of attaining peace and blessings.

Cultural Experiences

As you proceed along the ancient stone path, you will encounter numerous halls and pagodas, each telling stories of the temple’s historical significance. The temple is adorned with exquisite Buddhist art, including statues, murals, and decorative motifs that reflect the spiritual heritage of the region.

In a corner of the temple complex lies a scripture hall (藏经楼), which houses a vast collection of Buddhist texts and historical documents. This library is invaluable for scholars and those interested in studying Buddhist culture and history.

Interactions with Monks and Devotees

During your visit, you may observe monks and devotees engaging in various rituals—performing prostrations, chanting scriptures, or meditating in serene areas of the temple. This environment of devotion fosters a deep sense of peace, allowing visitors to connect spiritually. Feel free to engage in conversations with the monks or local practitioners to gain insights into their beliefs and practices.

Culinary Delights

In addition to exploring the temple, you can savor vegetarian meals offered by nearby eateries. The local vegetarian cuisine emphasizes fresh, light ingredients, providing a delightful dining experience. Additionally, the surrounding area features unique snacks and handcrafted souvenirs, perfect for remembering your visit.

Conclusion

Overall, visiting Guisheng Temple is an unforgettable experience that offers profound insights into Buddhist culture and provides a space for spiritual reflection and relaxation. If you have an interest in Buddhism or cultural heritage, Guisheng Temple is undoubtedly a must-visit destination.

How to Get There

Transportation Options:

• By Bus: Regular bus services run from major cities in Yunnan, including Kunming. Look for buses heading to Kaiyuan City.
• By Car: If you prefer driving, take the G320 National Highway, which connects to Kaiyuan City. The temple is well-signposted and easily accessible by vehicle.

Local Transportation: Within Kaiyuan City, local taxis and ride-sharing services are available to reach Guisheng Temple from the city center.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Plan your visit during the mild months of March to April and September to November for pleasant weather.
• What to Bring: Wear comfortable walking shoes, carry a camera for capturing the beautiful scenery, and have cash for local snacks and souvenirs.
• Respect Local Customs: Dress modestly when visiting the temple. Maintain a quiet demeanor to respect the sacred atmosphere, and observe local customs regarding worship.
• Stay Hydrated: Bring water, especially during warmer months, as you may spend a considerable amount of time exploring the temple and surrounding areas.
• Explore the Surroundings: Consider visiting nearby attractions, such as other temples and natural landscapes, to enrich your travel experience.

Overview

Miyang Wenchang Palace (弥阳文昌宫) is a historically significant structure located in the former County Committee compound in Mile City (弥勒市), Yunnan Province, China. It faces south and originally served as an educational institution starting in the third year of the Ming Dynasty’s Tianqi era (1623). The current building was rebuilt in the fifteenth year of the Guangxu era of the Qing Dynasty (1889) and occupies an area of 214 square meters, showcasing a traditional wooden architectural style.

Miyang Wenchang Palace is located in the downtown area of Mile City, within the original premises of the former county committee. Facing south, it was first built during the Ming Dynasty in the 3rd year of the Tianqi reign (1623). Originally serving as the Mile Prefecture School, the current structure of Wenchang Palace was reconstructed in the 15th year of the Guangxu reign of the Qing Dynasty (1889). Covering an area of 214 square meters, the building is a wooden structure showcasing traditional Chinese architectural style.

Architectural Features

The architectural design of Wenchang Palace is grand, measuring 17.4 meters in width and 12.3 meters in depth. It rests on a raised platform that is 1.9 meters high, giving it a commanding presence. The central hall features a seven-tiered stairway, enhancing the building’s layered appearance. In front of the hall, there is an approximately 80-square-meter platform known as the Tianzi Tai (天子台), providing a unique viewpoint for visitors.

The details of the building’s carvings are exquisite, showcasing the craftsmanship and dedication of the artisans. Each brick and tile reflects the artisans’ skill and respect for traditional culture. Miyang Wenchang Palace stands not just as an architectural marvel but as a historical witness, showcasing the allure of ancient Chinese architecture. It attracts numerous visitors and history enthusiasts eager to experience its profound historical influence and cultural richness.

Architectural Layout

The palace is a grand three-tiered structure with hipped roofs. It spans a total width of 17.4 meters and has a depth of 12.3 meters. The building is set on a raised platform 1.9 meters high, with a seven-step central stairway leading to the hall. In front of the hall, there is an 80-square-meter Tianzi (Emperor’s) platform.

Architectural Grandeur

Wenchang Palace is remarkable for its grand scale and exquisite craftsmanship. The structure’s intricate carvings and expansive layout embody the artistic excellence of Chinese architecture. The building, with its towering presence, stands as a testimony to the skill and artistry of ancient builders.

Historical Significance

Wenchang Palace has a long history, dating back to its original construction in the Ming Dynasty. Over the years, it has undergone several renovations, with the most notable reconstruction occurring during the Guangxu reign in 1889. The palace’s current form reflects this Qing Dynasty restoration, with a triple-eaved hipped roof design. Measuring 20.1 meters in width, 11.9 meters in depth, and 24 meters in height, the building covers an area of 256 square meters. In 1998, it was designated as a provincial-level cultural heritage site.

Cultural and Educational Role

After its construction, the palace became a central location for local scholars and gentry to worship the Wenchang Emperor, the deity of culture and literature in Chinese mythology. It also served as an academic institution for generations of Mile scholars. During the mid-to-late Republic of China era, the palace was repurposed as a school. Today, it stands as a historic site for tourists, representing a key cultural landmark in Mile City.

Mile Cultural Importance

Wenchang Palace holds a prominent place in the cultural landscape of Mile City. As a symbol of the area’s rich history and cultural traditions, it offers insight into the development of the region’s educational and religious practices over the centuries. The palace is an essential venue for understanding Mile’s history, culture, and the spiritual beliefs that have shaped the local community.

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Jianguo Tower (建国楼)

Located beside Wenchang Palace, Jianguo Tower is another historic structure with profound cultural significance. The tower was originally constructed during the 22nd year of the Hongwu reign (1389) of the Ming Dynasty. The current building was reconstructed in 1947, based on the original architectural plans from the Guangxi Prefecture Records. The tower faces south and is also built in a three-tiered hipped roof style. It has a width of 21 meters, a depth of 15 meters, and a height of 21 meters, covering an area of 315 square meters. Like Wenchang Palace, Jianguo Tower was also designated a provincial-level cultural heritage site in 1998.

Architectural Mastery

Jianguo Tower is a grand structure that exemplifies the fusion of traditional Chinese craftsmanship with modern elements. Its design is a reflection of the ingenuity of Chinese artisans, with detailed decorative elements both inside and outside the building. The combination of local ethnic aesthetics with timeless architectural traditions makes the tower a distinctive symbol of Mile City.

Symbol of Mile City

Jianguo Tower represents the soul of Mile City. More than just a building, it embodies the city’s rich history and cultural evolution. The tower’s design and structure speak to the city’s growth over the centuries, with each brick and tile narrating the story of Mile’s past. Today, Jianguo Tower stands as a prominent landmark, serving as a tangible link to the city’s historical and cultural identity.

Getting There

To reach Miyang Wenchang Palace:

1. By Air: Fly into Kunming Changshui International Airport (昆明长水国际机场).
2. By Bus or Train: From the airport, take a bus or train to Mile City. There are regular connections available.
3. Local Transport: Once in Mile City, taxis or public buses can easily transport you to the palace.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Spring (March to May) and autumn (September to November) are ideal for comfortable weather and fewer crowds.
• Local Cuisine: Explore local Mile snacks and dishes, especially the famous Mile rice noodles and other traditional foods available in nearby markets and eateries.
• Respectful Behavior: Dress modestly and maintain a respectful demeanor when visiting the site, especially in areas designated for worship.
• Photography: Photography is allowed; however, be mindful of local customs and avoid taking pictures of worshippers without their permission.
• Guided Tours: Consider joining a guided tour for deeper insights into the history and cultural significance of the palace and the surrounding area.

Overview

Miyang Jianguo Tower (弥阳建国楼, Míyáng Jiàn Guó Lóu) is situated within the courtyard of the People’s Government of Mile County (弥勒县, Mílè Xiàn), located in Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture (红河哈尼族彝族自治州, Hónghé Hānízú Yízú Zìzhìzhōu), Yunnan Province (云南省, Yúnnán Shěng). Constructed in 1946 (the 35th year of the Republic of China), this tower is a significant architectural and cultural landmark.

Architectural Features

• Structure: Brick and wood construction
• Orientation: Facing south, with a total area of 315 square meters

Design Elements

The central building of Jianguo Tower features a four-tier eave, while the eastern and western sides are adorned with three-tier hip roofs. The structure utilizes a traditional penetrated beam framework (穿斗式梁架, chuān dǒu shì liáng jià), with columns around the eaves wrapped in green bricks. The eave tiles are imprinted with the words “建国” (Jiàn Guó), meaning “establishing a nation,” symbolizing the post-war victory and the construction of a new country.

Historical Significance

The tower is adjacent to Wenchang Palace (文昌宫, Wénchāng Gōng) and holds deep historical and cultural value. Originally built in the 22nd year of the Hongwu era of the Ming Dynasty (1389 AD), the existing structure was reconstructed in 1947, following the original design as documented in the Guangxi Prefectural Records (《广西府志》, Guǎngxī Fǔzhì).

Dimensions

• Width: 21 meters
• Depth: 15 meters
• Height: Approximately 21 meters
• Total Area: 315 square meters
• Configuration: Five openings and two courtyards

In 1998, Jianguo Tower was designated as a provincial-level cultural relic protection unit, further emphasizing its importance as a landmark and witness to the city’s history.

Cultural Importance

The tower stands as a testament to the evolution and development of the region. Its grand design showcases the pinnacle of traditional Chinese architectural art, reflecting the exceptional craftsmanship of Chinese artisans. Both the interior and exterior are adorned with exquisite decorations that blend ethnic charm with modern elements, making it a hallmark of Mile City (弥勒市, Mílè Shì).

Jianguo Tower is not just a building; it embodies the spirit of Mile City, quietly narrating the stories of its past. Each brick and tile seems to recount the passage of time, bearing witness to the city’s growth and transformation.

Visiting Jianguo Tower

Visitors can ascend Jianguo Tower using wooden staircases that spiral up from both the east and west sides. The building features a unique layout with corridors wrapping around, creating a distinct architectural experience. It was also recognized as a cultural heritage unit by Yunnan Province in 1998.

Geography and Climate of Honghe Prefecture

Honghe Prefecture is located in the southern Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, characterized by diverse landforms including limestone mountains, plateaus, valleys, basins, and hills. The region features a significant altitude variation, resulting in complex terrain.

Climate Characteristics

• Precipitation: Abundant rainfall, primarily concentrated from May to October
• Frost Period: Late November to February of the following year
• Climate Type: Subtropical plateau monsoon climate

Due to the Tropic of Cancer passing through the region, temperatures and humidity generally increase from north to south, creating a warm and humid environment.

Best Travel Period

For optimal travel experiences in Honghe Prefecture, it is advisable to avoid the rainy and hot summer and autumn months. The best times to visit are March to April and September to November when the weather is mild and rainfall is minimal.

How to Get There

1. By Taxi: Taxis are available throughout Mile City. Simply provide the address of the People’s Government courtyard to reach Jianguo Tower.
2. By Bus: Local buses may connect to Mile County Government; inquire about routes that stop nearby.
3. On Foot: If staying in central Mile City, you can walk to the tower as it is conveniently located.

Travel Tips

1. Visit Early or Late: To enjoy a quieter atmosphere, plan your visit for early morning or late afternoon.
2. Photography: The tower’s architectural details and surroundings provide great opportunities for photography.
3. Hire a Local Guide: For deeper insights into the tower’s history and significance, consider hiring a local guide.
4. Respect Local Customs: Be mindful of the cultural heritage and practices while visiting.
5. Explore Nearby Attractions: Take time to discover other historical sites in Mile City, enriching your understanding of the region’s culture and history.

Overview

The Jianyang Assembly Hall (建阳会馆, Jiàn Yáng Huì Guǎn) is an important historical site located on People’s West Road (人民西路, Rénmín Xī Lù) in Mengzi City (蒙自市, Méngzì Shì), which is part of the Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture (红河哈尼族彝族自治州, Hónghé Hānízú Yízú Zìzhìzhōu) in Yunnan Province (云南省, Yúnnán Shěng). Built by the prominent gentry merchants from Jianshui (建水, Jiànshuǐ), this assembly hall stands out as one of the largest and most significant gathering places in Mengzi.

Architectural Details

• Location: People’s West Road, Mengzi City, Honghe Prefecture
• Area: 2,000 square meters
• Reconstruction Date: 1903 (the 29th year of the Guangxu era in Qing Dynasty)

Originally, the assembly hall comprised several architectural features, including:

• Mountain Gate (山门, shānmén): The entrance structure that traditionally welcomes visitors.
• Central Hall (中殿, zhōngdiàn): The main area for gatherings and ceremonies, which is currently adorned with a single-eave hip roof (单檐歇山顶, dān yán xiē shān dǐng).
• Side Halls (两厢, liǎngxiāng): These areas served as additional spaces for meetings and events, featuring single-eave gable roofs (单檐硬山顶, dān yán yìng shān dǐng).
• Rear Hall (后殿, hòudiàn): An additional space at the back of the assembly hall, often used for private discussions or smaller gatherings.

The architectural design reflects the traditional style of Qing Dynasty (清代, Qīng Dài) wooden structures, characterized by intricate woodwork and a harmonious layout.

Historical Significance

The Jianyang Assembly Hall is not only an architectural gem but also a cultural landmark that symbolizes the historical presence of the gentry class in the region. It was a venue for various social, cultural, and political activities, allowing for the exchange of ideas and fostering community bonds among merchants and residents. The hall’s preservation as a cultural relic since its designation in 1983 further emphasizes its importance in local heritage.

How to Get There

To reach Jianyang Assembly Hall:

1. By Taxi: Taxis are readily available throughout Mengzi City. Simply provide the driver with the address: People’s West Road, and they will take you directly to the assembly hall.
2. By Bus: Local public transport options may also be available, with stops nearby. It’s best to ask locals for the most convenient bus routes.
3. Walking: If you are staying in the city center, the assembly hall is within walking distance and can be reached easily on foot.

Travel Tips

1. Timing Your Visit: Early mornings or late afternoons are ideal times for visits to avoid crowds and enjoy the serene atmosphere.
2. Photography Opportunities: The hall’s unique architectural details make it a fantastic subject for photography. Bring a camera to capture its beauty.
3. Local Guides: Consider hiring a local guide to provide insights into the history and cultural significance of the assembly hall and surrounding areas.
4. Respect Local Customs: As with any cultural site, be mindful of local customs and traditions while visiting.
5. Explore Nearby Attractions: After visiting the Jianyang Assembly Hall, take the time to explore other historical sites in Mengzi, such as other assembly halls or temples that reflect the region’s rich history and culture.

The Former Residence of Yi Zhuangtu (尹壮图故居) is located at 12-15 Ge Xue Street (阁学街), Mengzi City (蒙自市), Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture (红河哈尼族彝族自治州). The residence faces east and includes over 40 buildings, including the main house and study, showcasing traditional wooden structure architecture from the Qing Dynasty (清代木结构民居建筑).

Historical Significance of Yi Zhuangtu

Yi Zhuangtu (1738-1808), styled Wánqǐ (万起), and also known as Chùzhēn (楚珍), was a prominent official in Qing Dynasty (清朝) Yunnan. He became a Jinshi (进士) in the 31st year of the Qianlong reign (乾隆三十一年, 1766) and later served in the Hanlin Academy (翰林院), eventually rising to the position of cabinet scholar and Vice Minister of Rites (礼部侍郎). Due to conflicts with court authorities, he was demoted but later returned to his hometown to focus on education, founding several schools including Kunming Wuhua Academy (昆明五华书院) and Jian Shui Chongwen Academy (建水崇文书院).

Life and Contributions

Yi Zhuangtu’s contributions to education and governance were significant. Known for his calligraphy and literary works, his writings include “Píngpī Gānglán Xìnglǐ Yǔlù Wéngǎo” (评批纲褴性理语录文稿) in four volumes and “Shīgǎo” (诗稿) in two volumes. His residence remains a testament to his legacy, with the street name Ge Xue Street continuing to honor him.

A Man of Integrity

Serving during the late Qianlong period, Yi Zhuangtu witnessed the decline of the Qing Dynasty. He criticized corrupt practices, particularly the “guilty silver” system (议罪银), where officials could pay fines for serious offenses. His outspoken nature often put him at risk, but he remained steadfast in his beliefs, ultimately resigning from his post to care for his mother.

Educational Influence

In the years that followed, Yi Zhuangtu revitalized local education, teaching at various academies and significantly impacting his students. His dedication to teaching continued even into his old age, where he encouraged diligence and integrity among his students.

Legacy

Despite not being as famous as contemporaries like Liu Yong (刘墉) or Ji Xiaolan (纪晓岚), Yi Zhuangtu is remembered for his moral integrity and willingness to confront corruption. His life serves as an example of dedication to both education and the welfare of the people.

How to Get There

To reach the Former Residence of Yi Zhuangtu:

• By Air: Fly into Mengzi Airport (蒙自机场) and take a taxi or local transport to Ge Xue Street.
• By Train: Take a train to Mengzi Railway Station (蒙自火车站) and then a taxi to the residence.
• By Bus: There are regular buses from major cities in Yunnan to Mengzi.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Spring and autumn offer pleasant weather for sightseeing.
• Local Cuisine: Don’t miss trying local Hani (哈尼族) dishes nearby.
• Respect Local Customs: Be mindful of cultural norms when visiting historical sites.
• Guided Tours: Consider hiring a local guide for a deeper understanding of Yi Zhuangtu’s life and contributions.