Overview of Shangguan Town

Shangguan Town (上关镇) is a town under the jurisdiction of Dali City (大理市), located in the Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture (大理白族自治州), Yunnan Province (云南省). It lies on the northern shore of Erhai Lake (洱海), at the eastern foothills of Cangshan Mountain (苍山云弄峰). The town borders Shuanglang Town (双廊镇) and Huangping Town (黄坪镇) in Heqing County (鹤庆县) to the east, Erhai Lake to the south, and Dengchuan (邓川) and Yousuo (右所) towns in Eryuan County (洱源县) to the north. Covering an area of 129 square kilometers, Shangguan Town has a total population of 36,565, according to the seventh national census conducted on November 1, 2020.

Historically, Shangguan Town was part of the Deng Tan Zhao (邓赕诏) territory and was governed by Dengchuan Prefecture during the Yuan (元), Ming (明), and Qing (清) dynasties. The town was established in 2000 and was incorporated into Dali City on January 1, 2004. As of June 2020, Shangguan Town has 13 administrative villages, with the town government located at No. 1 Jiangwei Street, New District.

Geographic Location and Environment

Geographic Area

Shangguan Town is strategically located on the northern shore of Erhai Lake and at the eastern foothills of Cangshan Mountain. The town’s total administrative area is 129 square kilometers.

Topography

The terrain of Shangguan Town slopes from north to south, characterized by plateau plains. The highest point is located in Louyi Village (漏邑村) at an elevation of 3,560 meters, while the lowest point can be found in Dabaguan Village (大把关村) at an elevation of 1,680 meters.

Climate

Shangguan Town has a subtropical highland monsoon climate. The weather characteristics include:

• Average Annual Temperature: 18°C
• January Average Temperature: 8.9°C (record low of -1.4°C on January 23, 1997)
• July Average Temperature: 20.5°C (record high of 28.5°C on July 21, 1952)

The annual average temperature range is about 12.4°C, with approximately 2,300 hours of sunshine per year. Rainfall predominantly occurs from June to October, peaking in July.

Hydrology

The rivers in Shangguan Town are part of the Lancang River (澜沧江) basin. Key rivers include:

• Mijia River (弥苴河): 23 kilometers long, with a watershed area of 998 square kilometers.
• Luoshi River (罗时江): 56 kilometers long, with a watershed area of 112.3 square kilometers.
• Yong’an River (永安江): 6.5 kilometers long, with a watershed area of 110.3 square kilometers.

These rivers contribute to over 70% of the water supply for Erhai Lake.

Administrative Divisions

As of the end of 2011, Shangguan Town administratively governs 13 village committees, including:

• Majia Village (马甲邑)
• Qingsuo Village (青索)
• Zhaoyi Village (兆邑)
• Louyi Village (漏邑)
• Shaping Village (沙坪)
• Dongshaping Village (东沙坪)
• Dapai Village (大排)
• Hewai Village (河尾)
• Jiangwei Village (江尾)
• Daying Village (大营)
• Machang Village (马厂)
• Haichaohe Village (海潮河)
• Dabaguan Village (大把关)

The town consists of 142 village groups and has a total of 56 natural villages.

Cultural Heritage

Local Customs and Festivals

Shangguan Town boasts a rich tapestry of folk arts, including:

• Dragon Dance (龙灯): A traditional dance often performed during festivals.
• Horse Racing (赛马): An exciting local tradition.
• Lion Dance (狮灯): A lively performance believed to bring prosperity.
• Torch Festival (火把节): A celebration featuring bonfires, songs, and dances.
• Temple Fairs (庙会): Community gatherings celebrating local deities.

Local Products

The town is known for its agricultural specialties, including:

• Walnuts (核桃)
• Chestnuts (板栗)
• Pine Nuts (松子)
• Rice Noodles (粉丝)
• Milk Fan (乳扇)
• Rice Cake (饵丝)
• Mei Guo (梅果)

Additionally, eco-friendly agricultural products such as rice noodles, milk fan, and mei guo are produced in the region.

How to Get There

To reach Shangguan Town, you can travel from Dali City, which is well-connected by various transportation modes. The town is approximately a 30-minute drive from Dali’s city center. Public buses are available, providing a convenient and economical option for travelers.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: The ideal time to visit Shangguan Town is during spring (March to May) and autumn (September to November) when the weather is pleasant.
• Local Cuisine: Don’t miss trying local dishes that feature fresh produce from the area.
• Cultural Etiquette: Respect local customs and traditions, especially during festivals and community gatherings.
• Accommodation: Look for guesthouses or homestays for an authentic experience.

Introduction

Wenxian Gate Tower (文献楼) is situated one kilometer outside the south gate of Dali Old Town (大理古城) in Dali City (大理市), Yunnan Province (云南省). This tower is not only an architectural highlight but also serves as the first significant scenic spot for visitors entering Dali Old Town, symbolizing the rich cultural heritage of the region.

Reconstruction

The current structure of Wenxian Tower was reconstructed in 1999, enhancing its historical and architectural significance while maintaining traditional Bai style elements.

Historical Background

Why Dali is the “Land of Literature”

The title “Land of Literature” (文献之邦) associated with Dali has deep historical roots. Several ancient tales are intertwined with Dali’s legacy, including Han Xi Lou Chuan (汉习楼船), Tang Biao Tie Zhu (唐标铁柱), Song Hui Yu Fu (宋挥玉斧), and Yuan Kua Ge Nang (元跨革囊). Archaeological evidence shows that Dali was the center of ancient civilization in Yunnan, with human activities dating back to the Neolithic period.

Cultural Significance

Dali was a crucial hub along the Ancient Tea Horse Road (茶马古道) and was one of the earliest established regions in Yunnan. The establishment of Ye Yu (叶榆), now Dali, dates back to the second year of the Yuanfeng period of the Western Han Dynasty (公元前109年). The region’s fertile lands facilitated agriculture and sericulture.

During the Nanzhao Kingdom (南诏国) era, Dali became a political, economic, and cultural center. The kingdom, supported by the Tang Dynasty, developed strong ties with the Central Plains, embracing Han culture. This cultural amalgamation led to significant achievements in architecture, sculpture, and painting. The renowned Three Pagodas of Chongsheng Temple (崇圣寺三塔) and the Shibao Mountain Grottoes (石宝山石窟) are notable examples.

Contributions of Notable Figures

In 1680, during the 19th year of the Kangxi Emperor’s reign (清康熙), Pantu (偏图), a leader from the Han army’s White Banner, played a pivotal role in suppressing Wu Sangui (吴三桂). His repeated military successes earned him a promotion to Governor of Yunnan. Pantu spent 15 years in Dali, deeply appreciating its cultural richness. He petitioned the Qing Dynasty for a plaque inscribed with “Wenxian Mingbang” (文献名邦), which is prominently displayed at Wenxian Tower today.

Architectural Features

Wenxian Tower is a two-story building designed in the traditional Bai architectural style. Its wooden structure is characterized by:

• Stately Appearance: The tower features a magnificent brick and stone archway that adds grandeur to its presence.
• Couplets: It has two pairs of couplets. One notable couplet, penned by the modern scholar Zhou Ren (周仁), highlights the cultural essence of Dali:

溯汉唐以还，张叔传经，杜公讲学，硕彦通儒代有人，
莫让文献遗风暗消在新潮流外；
登楼台而望，鹫岭夕阳，鹤桥小路，熙来攮往咸安业。
但愿妙香古国常住于大世界中。

• Surrounding Scenery: The tower overlooks a picturesque landscape, with willows lining the pathway to the south entrance of Dali Old Town, creating a serene atmosphere.

How to Get There

Wenxian Tower is easily accessible from the center of Dali Old Town. Visitors can walk to the south gate, following the signs for approximately one kilometer to reach the tower. Additionally, local buses and taxis operate along this route, providing convenient transportation options.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Spring (March to May) and autumn (September to November) are ideal for pleasant weather and beautiful scenery.
• Local Cuisine: Be sure to try local specialties, such as “Dali cheese” (大理乳酪) and “grilled fish” (烤鱼), which are popular among visitors.
• Cultural Etiquette: Respect local customs, especially when engaging with Bai cultural practices. It’s common to greet locals with a smile.
• Photography: The best lighting for photography occurs in the early morning and late afternoon. Capture the scenic views from the tower and the charming streets of Dali Old Town.
• Nearby Attractions: Consider visiting other attractions in Dali, such as Erhai Lake (洱海), Cangshan Mountain (苍山), and the ancient town’s local markets.

Introduction

Haixin Pavilion (海心亭) is located at 1102 Binhai Avenue (滨海大道), Dali City (大理市), Yunnan Province (云南省), and is part of the AAAA-level Erhai Park (洱海公园). This scenic spot, known for its swimming area and popular photo opportunities, is situated near the city center and is recognized as a landmark of the area. It offers an ideal location for photographers and visitors alike, being built atop “Tuan Mountain” (团山).

Historical Background

Erhai Park features a small oval hill resembling “Tuan Mountain,” which is why it is also referred to as Tuan Mountain Park (团山公园). In the 8th century, this area served as a deer breeding ground for the Nanzhao Kingdom (南诏国) and was known as Xilong Mountain (息龙山). Among the four famous pavilions by Erhai Lake, Zhu Hai Pavilion (珠海阁) stands out, and Haixin Pavilion is well-known among locals. For the residents of Dali, the pavilion is filled with nostalgic memories, while for seagulls and tourists, it represents endless expectations.

In the early 1970s, the Dali municipal government allocated special funds to expand Tuan Mountain Park, constructing various facilities including the Haixin Pavilion, a geological pavilion, cherry blossom pavilion, and others. This expansion improved the infrastructure of the park, enhancing the recreational experience for visitors.

Architectural Features

Haixin Pavilion offers stunning views of the mountains and the lake, serving as an ideal location for sightseeing, bird-watching, and romantic getaways. The pavilion’s design resembles a hand reaching out toward Erhai Lake (洱海), connected by a long reddish walkway that forms a heart shape. The vibrant colors of the pavilion stand out against the blue sky and lake, making it a striking feature of the landscape.

Local residents often visit Haixin Pavilion, especially on sunny days, enjoying the warm lake breeze and beautiful surroundings. The pavilion is adorned with red railings and pillars, inviting visitors to linger and appreciate the tranquil atmosphere.

Seasonal Highlights

During winter, the water temperature of Erhai Lake remains around 7°C, making it popular for winter swimming. The area attracts many visitors, particularly at Lover’s Lake (情人湖), a bustling location near Haixin Pavilion where people gather to swim and enjoy the scenic views. The winter months also see the arrival of Siberian red-billed gulls (西伯利亚红嘴鸥), transforming Haixin Pavilion into a prime spot for birdwatching from November to March.

How to Get There

Haixin Pavilion is conveniently located along Binhai Avenue in Dali City. Visitors can easily access it by taking Bus No. 6 and disembarking at the Ming Shi Jie stop. It is a short walk from there to the pavilion.

Travel Tips

1. Prepare for Wind: The sea breeze can be strong, so be mindful of personal items like hats that may be blown away.
2. Sun Protection: Dali has high UV levels; apply sunscreen and wear protective clothing before heading out.
3. Photography: The best times for photography are during sunrise and sunset when the lighting is optimal.
4. Local Cuisine: Try local dishes available at nearby restaurants along Binhai Avenue, especially fresh fish from the lake.
5. Respect Wildlife: While enjoying the seagulls and other wildlife, maintain a respectful distance to avoid disturbing them.

Overview of Changle Village

Changle Village (长乐村) is located in Shaxi Town (沙溪镇), Jianchuan County (剑川县), Dali Prefecture (大理州), Yunnan Province (云南省). This village has 271 households and a population of 1,178, predominantly consisting of the Bai (白族), Han (汉族), and Yi (彝族) ethnic groups, who have coexisted harmoniously for generations, creating a traditional agricultural community.

Nestled amidst the mountains, Changle Village is steadily progressing towards a moderately prosperous society under the leadership of the village party committee. In 2003, the village initiated the slogan “One Branch, One Flag; One Party Member, One Path to Wealth” and established the “186” project development strategy. The clear objective aims to cultivate 100 specialized households in dairy cattle, black goats, and beef cattle farming, forming pillar industries. Additionally, the plan includes developing 80 specialized households for economic fruit and rice cultivation, along with 60 individual businesses and labor export households to strengthen the private economy.

Key Statistics

• Total Arable Land: 1,273 acres (with 1,197 acres of paddy fields and 76 acres of dry land)
• Average Arable Land per Person: 0.00 acres
• Forest Land: 32,003 acres (including 389 acres of economic fruit trees)
• Economic Crops: Mainly includes rice, plum, apple, chestnut, and walnut.

Infrastructure Development

Life in Changle Village has improved day by day, reflecting a harmonious development of the “Four Civilizations.” A total of 176 farming households have been recognized as “Ten-Star Civilized Households.” The village party committee has been honored as an advanced party branch by the prefectural committee. Changle Village has received numerous accolades, including advanced party branch, advanced technology working group, and safe village honors from the county committee and government. It has also been designated as a civilized village by the provincial committee and government.

Homestay Experience in Changle Village

? In Changle Village, there is a unique standalone homestay with only four rooms, each offering a distinct charm. The second-floor rooms provide breathtaking views of the surrounding wheat fields, creating an enchanting scenery. ?️

?️ The interiors of the homestay are clean and tidy, primarily featuring wooden construction that exudes a natural and rustic charm. Although the owner has limited time to spend at the homestay, his warm hospitality makes guests feel at home. ?

?️ Additionally, in Shaxi, there is a delightful restaurant nestled under a persimmon tree, renowned for its delicious home-cooked dishes. The owner is warm and welcoming, and in winter, the persimmon cakes made from the tree’s fruit are a must-try delicacy. ?

? In Changle Village, you can experience the cozy ambiance of the homestay while indulging in authentic rural cuisine. Come and enjoy a unique rural lifestyle here! ?

How to Get There

To reach Changle Village, you can travel from Jianchuan County, which is well-connected by local roads. Public transport options, including buses and taxis, are available for convenience. The village is approximately a 30-minute drive from Jianchuan’s main area.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: The ideal visiting periods are during spring (March to May) and autumn (September to November) when the weather is pleasant.
• Local Cuisine: Don’t miss out on trying local dishes that highlight fresh ingredients from the area.
• Cultural Etiquette: Respect local customs, especially when visiting homes and participating in village events.
• Accommodation: Consider staying at the local homestay for an immersive experience in rural life.

Introduction

Hutoushan Mountain (虎头山) is located in the southeastern corner of Yunlong County (云龙县), Dali (大理), Yunnan Province (云南省). Its name derives from its distinctive shape resembling a tiger’s head. The mountain is conveniently close to the county town, making it easily accessible by foot.

Major Attractions

Banshan Pavilion (半山亭)

This pavilion offers breathtaking views of Yunlong County, showcasing the winding Bi River (沘江) as it flows gracefully around the town. From here, visitors can enjoy the harmonious blend of mountains and water, elevating the overall experience.

Xianren Fan (仙人扇)

Ascending to Huatai, the path divides into two directions. The left path leads to the legendary “Xianren Fan,” believed to be a resting place for immortals. Visitors can find stone artifacts such as the Stone Fan, Stone Bed, and Stone Staff, alongside the captivating stone sculpture of a tiger that enhances the site’s mythos.

Longquan and Huch池 (龙泉、虎池)

These two clear reservoirs, located in a mountain gorge, are known for their pristine waters. Surrounded by lush Yunnan pines (云南松), the serene atmosphere is accentuated by the gentle breeze, creating a peaceful retreat.

Historical Background

In the early Ming Dynasty (明朝), a mountain god temple was established at the summit of Hutoushan. During the Honghua period, Zhenwu Pavilion (真武阁) was built, followed by several Taoist temples from the Qianlong era to the Republic of China. The area has seen extensive renovations, including the construction of Longquan and Huch池, enhancing its status as a scenic leisure destination where nature and culture intertwine.

Cultural Significance

According to the inscription on the “Tiger Mountain Stele” (虎山碑记): “Layers of peaks rise high, overlooking the azure expanse; flying pavilions and flowing colors stand out against the sky.” Recent restorations have seamlessly integrated new structures with ancient architecture, particularly evident in the couplets adorning stone arches and pavilions, which resonate with the county’s poetic heritage.

Hutou Temple (虎头寺)

Hutou Temple is a renowned ancient temple in the Dali region, located on the cliffs of Hutoushan. The front hall, known as Guixiang Tower (桂香楼), offers a panoramic view of Yunlong County. The rear hall, or Mahavira Hall (大雄宝殿), features the Three Body Buddha statues, including Shakyamuni (释迦牟尼佛), alongside various protective deities.

Ancient Trees and Surroundings

Behind Hutou Temple stand two ancient banyan trees, each several hundred years old, providing shade and tranquility. Nearby, Wangmu Temple (王母寺) is nestled among towering trees, creating a serene environment characterized by gnarled pines and cool mountain breezes.

Hutou Mountain Ancient Architecture Group

The ancient architecture group on Hutoushan is situated to the south of Shimen Town (石门镇) in Yunlong County. It is defined by a prominent peak resembling a tiger’s head and is primarily composed of Taoist buildings. Historical records indicate that Hutou Temple originally housed a mountain god temple, with subsequent constructions like the Laojun Hall and Caishen Hall (财神殿) built during the Daoguang era.

How to Get There

Hutoushan Mountain is easily accessible:

• By Car: From Dali Passenger Transport Station, take the Hanguang Expressway (杭瑞高速) to S236, following the signs to Hutoushan.
• Public Transport: Local buses frequently travel to Yunlong County.

Travel Tips

1. Comfortable Footwear: The terrain can be rugged, so sturdy shoes are recommended for hiking.
2. Weather Preparedness: Dress in layers as mountain weather can change rapidly; bringing a raincoat is advisable.
3. Hydration: Carry sufficient water, especially during warmer months, to stay refreshed.
4. Respect for Nature: Adhere to local guidelines to preserve the natural beauty of the area.
5. Cultural Awareness: Be respectful when visiting temples; observe local customs and maintain a quiet demeanor.

Overview of Hutousi Temple

Hutousi Temple (虎头禅寺) is a historical Buddhist temple located in Yunlong County (云龙县) within Dali Prefecture (大理州), Yunnan Province (云南省). Established in the third year of the Da De era of the Yuan Dynasty (元大德三年), the temple is perched on a cliff, showcasing stunning views of the surrounding landscape.

Architectural Features

The temple consists of several notable structures:

• Gui Xiang Lou (桂香楼): This is the front hall built on a cliff. The top is adorned with a plaque inscribed with “Tong Tian Gao Lang” (通天高朗), meaning “High and Clear to the Sky.”
• Great Hero Hall (大雄宝殿): This is the main hall housing the “Three Bodies of Buddha” (三身佛), representing Shakyamuni Buddha, Vairocana Buddha, and Lushena Buddha. The hall is a focal point for worship and meditation.
• Ancient Trees: Behind the temple stand two ancient qing trees (青树), approximately 300 years old, which provide shade and enhance the temple’s serene atmosphere.

Historical Significance

Hutousi Temple has deep historical roots tied to the local culture and Buddhist practices. During its peak, it served as a significant religious site due to the salt mining industry in the area. Wealthy salt merchants contributed to the construction of temples, statues, and religious activities.

However, much of the temple complex suffered damage during the Cultural Revolution (文革), leading to a decline in its physical condition. Today, efforts are underway to restore its former glory. Since 2000, under the leadership of Abbot Jiaoming (教明法师), significant reconstruction has occurred, including:

• The Great Hero Hall
• Mountain Gate (山门)
• Ksitigarbha Hall (地藏殿)
• Arhat Hall (罗汉堂)

Geological Features

Hutousi Temple is situated on Tiger Head Mountain (虎头山), known for its dramatic cliffs and rugged terrain. The geological makeup of the mountain dates back over 100 million years to the Cretaceous period, consisting of sandstone that has weathered over centuries.

Unique natural formations can be seen on the mountain, including:

• Fairy Fan (仙人扇): A rock formation resembling a fan.
• Fairy Bed (仙人床): A flat rock area where one could meditate.
• Stone Footprints: Natural imprints that look like footprints of mythical beings, often referred to as “stone traces of immortals” (石上仙踪).

Scenic Views

Climbing to the Gui Xiang Lou offers breathtaking views of the entire Yunlong County and surrounding landscapes. The area is rich in flora and fauna, making it a perfect spot for nature enthusiasts.

Visitor Information

Time Required

Visitors typically spend 1-3 hours exploring the temple and its surroundings.

Transportation

• Self-Driving Directions:
  • Start from Dali Bus Station (大理客运站).
  • Take the Hanguang Expressway (杭瑞高速).
  • Follow S236 until you reach Hutousi Temple.

Admission Fees

For specific details about admission fees, it is recommended to consult the local tourism authority or the temple’s management.

Opening Hours

• Hours: 08:00 – 18:00 (January 1 – December 31, Monday – Sunday)

Location

Hutousi Temple is located in Yunlong County, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province (云南省大理白族自治州云龙县).

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Spring (March to May) and autumn (September to November) offer pleasant weather and vibrant scenery.
• Clothing Recommendations: Wear comfortable, sturdy shoes suitable for climbing, and bring layers as temperatures can vary, especially in the mountains.
• Respect Local Customs: Maintain a quiet demeanor in the temple area, and follow any guidelines provided by the temple staff.
• Explore Nearby Attractions: Consider visiting nearby scenic spots and cultural sites, such as Wangmu Temple (王母庙) and the natural landscapes surrounding the temple.
• Photography: Capture the beauty of the temple and surrounding landscapes, but be mindful of restrictions on photographing religious ceremonies or practices.
• Local Cuisine: Sample local Bai (白族) cuisine at nearby eateries, where you can enjoy authentic flavors and dishes made from locally sourced ingredients.

By visiting Hutousi Temple, you will experience a unique blend of cultural heritage, spiritual tranquility, and stunning natural beauty, making it a must-see destination in Yunnan Province.

Overview of Nanzhao Palace

Nanzhao Palace (南诏行宫) is the main building on Nanzhao Romantic Island (南诏风情岛), serving as a summer retreat for the Nanzhao King (南诏王). The Nanzhao Kingdom (南诏) existed from 653 to 902 AD and had three capital cities, one of which was Taihe City (太和城) in Dali.

Scale

Nanzhao Palace is a remarkable architectural feat, reflecting the grandeur of ancient royal residences. The Nanzhao kings constructed a series of royal facilities around Erhai Lake (洱海), including summer palaces, imperial gardens, and hunting grounds. Historical records indicate that the southern and northern city walls of the Nanzhao capital measured 3,350 meters and 3,275 meters respectively, with a distance of 500 meters between them. This scale rivals that of the Forbidden City (故宫) in Beijing, although today, only remnants of the original structures remain.

Characteristics

The Nanzhao Palace is designed to resemble an ancient imperial palace. Influenced by Tibetan (吐蕃) and Tang (唐) cultures, its architecture features:

• Tang-style Roofs: Elegant and distinctively shaped.
• Tibetan Walls and Windows: Incorporating cultural elements from the Tibetan region.
• Dali Architectural Elements: Utilizing local construction styles and colors.

Covering over 8,000 square meters, the palace’s grandeur reflects the artistic achievements of the Nanzhao era. The local Bai (白族) culture also plays a significant role, particularly the worship of “Ben Zhu” (本主), a local deity revered as the protector of the community.

Cultural Significance

Historically, Nanzhao was a formidable military kingdom that began as a small tribe. With its military strength, it absorbed neighboring tribes (known as “Zhao”) around Erhai Lake, expanding its territory to areas now known as Sichuan, Guizhou, Guangxi, and even reaching Vietnam. At its height, Nanzhao encompassed 1.0736 million square kilometers—27 times the size of modern Yunnan Province (云南省). Nanzhao existed alongside the Tang Dynasty and Tibetan Empire for nearly two centuries.

The Nanzhao Palace showcases a blend of architectural styles influenced by Tang, Tibetan, and Dali cultures, featuring:

• Tang Roofs: Elegant and stylized.
• Tibetan Walls: Reflecting the influence of Tibetan design.
• Local Dali Features: Incorporating the distinctive elements of Dali’s architecture.

The Bai culture is prominent here, with the worship of “Ben Zhu” as a central belief. Each Bai community has its own shrine to the Ben Zhu, and festivals are held to celebrate this deity, enriching the cultural landscape of the area.

Visitor Information

Time Required

Visitors typically spend 1-3 hours exploring the palace and its surroundings.

Transportation

• Self-Driving Directions:
  • Start from Dali Railway Station (大理市火车站).
  • Take the Xijing Line (西景线) to Huanhai East Road (环海东路) until you reach the destination.

Opening Hours

• Hours: 08:30 – 17:00 (January 1 – December 31, Monday – Sunday)

Location

Nanzhao Palace is situated on Nanzhao Romantic Island (南诏风情岛), in Shuanglang Town (双廊镇), Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province (云南省大理白族自治州大理市双廊镇南诏风情岛内).

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Spring (March to May) and autumn (September to November) are ideal for pleasant weather and beautiful scenery.
• Clothing Recommendations: Wear comfortable footwear for walking and climbing, as well as layers for changing temperatures near the lake.
• Respect Local Customs: Be respectful in religious areas and participate in local customs if invited, particularly during festivals.
• Explore Nearby Attractions: Consider visiting other sites in the area, such as Erhai Lake and local Bai villages, to enhance your cultural experience.
• Photography: Capture the beauty of the palace and the surrounding landscapes, while being mindful of the privacy of local communities and religious practices.
• Local Cuisine: Don’t miss trying local Bai dishes at nearby eateries, which showcase the rich culinary traditions of the region.

Visiting Nanzhao Palace offers a glimpse into the rich historical and cultural tapestry of the Nanzhao Kingdom, as well as the stunning natural beauty of Erhai Lake.

Renliyi Village, located in Xizhou Town, Dali City, is a picturesque village nestled in the Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture of Yunnan Province. It lies approximately 5 kilometers north of the Xizhou Town government, accessible via an asphalt road, and is about 37 kilometers from the city center, making it a convenient destination for visitors.

Cultural Geography

Renliyi Village is bordered to the east by Erhai Lake (洱海) and to the west by Cangshan Mountain (苍山). It is 4 kilometers south of the Xizhou Town government and connects to the Butterfly Spring Scenic Area (蝴蝶泉景区) to the north. National Highway 214 (214国道) and the Dali-Lijiang Highway (大丽公路) run through the village, providing convenient transportation. The village is a Bai ethnic community characterized by a high population density relative to its land area.

Historical Significance

The village has a rich history, with architectural resources that reflect its cultural heritage. The traditional Bai-style houses, featuring intricate wooden carvings and unique roof designs, are a testament to the local craftsmanship. Renliyi also embodies the Bai people’s customs, festivals, and lifestyles, making it a significant site for cultural tourism.

Economic Development

Renliyi Village has evolved economically, with resources for traditional agriculture, livestock, fishing, and emerging commercial sectors such as tourism and service industries. The introduction of ecological tourism and cooperation with enterprises has revitalized the local economy, enabling villagers to enhance their livelihoods.

Flower Sea Economic Belt Boosts Rural Tourism

A New Landmark in Xizhou

In Dali’s Xizhou Town, Renliyi Village is home to the Flower Language Ranch (花语牧场), covering an area of 358 acres. This scenic site, characterized by its pastoral landscape and harmonious ecological environment, has become a key driver for local rural tourism. It showcases the principles of leisure agriculture and ecological conservation, effectively increasing villagers’ income through agritourism, leisure vacations, and sales of local specialty products.

Li Birong (李必荣), the Party Secretary of Renliyi Village, recalls that traditional agriculture could no longer meet the villagers’ income expectations several years ago. In 2015, the village partnered with Dali Haoshanshui Agricultural Planting Co., Ltd., adopting a “village-enterprise cooperation” model to jointly develop the Flower Language Ranch, injecting new economic vitality into the village.

Features of the Flower Language Ranch

The ranch includes various functional areas, such as:

• Central Garden: A beautiful area filled with diverse flowers.
• Lawn Area for Horses: Space for horse riding and relaxation.
• Velvety Crape Myrtle Area: Featuring stunning crape myrtle flowers.
• Children’s Playground: A fun area for kids with various attractions.
• Fruit-Picking Area: Visitors can pick fresh fruits directly from the trees.

Additionally, the ranch offers afternoon tea, flower cake-making workshops, and pottery experiences. These initiatives enrich visitors’ experiences while providing employment opportunities for locals. Villagers actively participate in the ranch’s operations and maintenance, effectively promoting local economic development and enhancing living standards.

Li emphasized that the introduction of enterprises has provided a platform for the village, crucial for attracting more tourists. Since 2016, the Flower Language Ranch has welcomed approximately 300,000 visitors and achieved sales revenue exceeding 7 million yuan. With the ranch’s full completion, annual visitor numbers are expected to surpass 500,000, with projected sales revenue exceeding 10 million yuan. This further validates the significant potential of the flower economy in promoting rural tourism and increasing villagers’ income.

Scenic Beauty of Nature

A Blooming Attraction

Whether you live in Dali or are visiting, how can you resist admiring the vast flower sea under the blue sky and white clouds, next to Cangshan and Erhai? Every photo taken here feels like a cinematic masterpiece.

In Renliyi Village, the Flower Language Ranch spans over 300 acres and features more than 60 varieties of flowers, attracting numerous visitors. Various flowers bloom vibrantly; upon entering the ranch, you’ll first see beautiful Dahlias (大丽花), followed by Zinnias (百日草), Sage (鼠尾草), and Verbena (柳叶马鞭草). These flowers are in full bloom, adding to the visual splendor.

Flower Varieties

The ranch cultivates a diverse range of flowers, including:

• Fragrant Lilies (香水百合)
• Giant Onions (大花葱)
• Hyacinths (风信子)
• Tulips (郁金香)
• Dahlias (大丽花)
• Violets (紫罗兰)
• Lavender (薰衣草)
• Colorful Calla Lilies (彩色马蹄莲)
• Icelandic Poppies (冰岛虞美人)
• Snapdragons (金鱼草)
• Willow Herbs (柳叶马鞭草)
• Sage (鼠尾草)
• Foxgloves (毛地黄)
• Ornamental Roses (观赏玫瑰)
• Morning Glories (牵牛花)
• Pansies (三色堇)
• Wildflower Combinations (野花组合)

These flowers bloom in different seasons, ensuring that the ranch is always vibrant and colorful.

Facilities and Activities

In addition to the flowers, the ranch features numerous facilities for photo opportunities, including popular characters like Minions (小黄人), Doreamon (叮当猫), Snow White (白雪公主), and the Seven Dwarfs (七个小矮人), which are particularly loved by children. There is even a large yellow duck and playground equipment, with sunshades set up on the expansive grass for visitors to relax.

The Flower Language Ranch also includes areas for visitors to interact with animals, fruit-picking zones, a poppy garden (虞美人花园), a lily garden (百合花园), a tulip garden (郁金香花园), a lavender garden (薰衣草花园), a fishing pond, and a sandy beach at Moon Lake (月亮湖). The ranch boasts blooming flowers year-round, with different species blossoming in various seasons.

Aerial Views

The ranch offers stunning aerial views, showcasing the colorful flower fields against the backdrop of the blue sky, creating picturesque scenes perfect for photography.

Cultural Significance

The Flower Language Ranch is not just a floral paradise; it also serves as a filming location for the television drama “National Action” (国家行动), attracting fans and tourists alike. It provides a unique blend of nature, culture, and entertainment, making it a popular destination.

Visiting and Getting There

Address

Renliyi Village (仁里邑村), Xizhou Town (喜洲镇), Dali City (大理市), Yunnan Province (云南省), is located opposite the Renliyi Primary School (仁里邑完小) along Provincial Road 221 (221省道).

Tips: For self-driving visitors, you can reach the Flower Language Ranch by inputting its name into navigation apps.

Entrance Fee and Hours

• Entrance Fee: 30 yuan per person (children under 1.2 meters free).
• Opening Hours: 8:30 AM to 7:30 PM (open on holidays).

Travel Tips

• The flower sea is prominently situated along the Dali-Lijiang highway, marked by a large sign, making it easy to find.
• There is a designated parking area nearby, ensuring convenient parking for visitors.
• Best visiting time is during spring and early summer when most flowers are in bloom.
• Bring a camera for stunning photo opportunities and consider visiting during weekdays to avoid crowds.

Renliyi Village and the Flower Language Ranch represent the beauty of Yunnan’s natural landscape while showcasing the cultural richness of the Bai ethnic group. It is a perfect destination for those seeking a blend of scenic beauty, cultural experiences, and recreational activities.

Xier River, originally known as “Xierhe” (嶲洱河), was named after the ancient Xier people who lived along its banks. It serves as the waterway that connects Erhai Lake (洱海) to the Lancang River (澜沧江).

Overview

• Chinese Name: 西洱河
• Total Length: 23 km
• Natural Drop: Approximately 610 m
• Mouth Flow Rate: 30 cubic meters/second
• Also Known As: 嶲河 (Xier River), 洱河 (Er River), 嶲洱河 (Xierhe)

Beautification and Lighting

As night falls, the banks of Xier River shimmer with colorful landscape lighting, illuminating iconic structures like Meideng Bridge (美登大桥), the Xier River Control Gate (西洱河节制闸), and Taian Bridge (泰安桥). This beautification project aims to enhance the aesthetics of the riverbanks, highlighting architectural outlines and elevating the urban ambiance.

The beautification project has a total investment of over 4.8 million yuan and will enhance the green spaces along the banks of Xier River from Meideng Bridge to Taian Bridge, as well as improve lighting on the riverbanks and structures. Various unique lighting options, including floodlights, water lights, ground lights, solar lights, and LED lights, will create a peaceful yet vibrant nighttime atmosphere. The project is currently in the final stages and is expected to be completed by the end of October.

Additional Features

• Eco-friendly Design: The project focuses on sustainable materials and designs to enhance both beauty and ecological health.
• Community Engagement: Local artists and communities are involved in the project, contributing to the aesthetic aspects and cultural representation along the riverbanks.

Tourism Planning

Scope of Planning

The planning scope extends approximately 4 kilometers from Erhai Park (洱海公园) to the Tian Sheng Bridge (天生桥) along the riverbanks and related areas.

Market Positioning

The project aims to analyze and segment the tourism market in Dali (大理) and develop a strategy that includes:

• Target Markets: Identifying key tourist demographics, including eco-tourists, cultural enthusiasts, and adventure seekers.
• Partnerships: Collaborating with local businesses, hotels, and tour operators to create comprehensive tourist packages.

Development Strategies

1. Product-driven and Market-driven Design Choices: Tailoring offerings based on tourist feedback and market trends.
2. Lifecycle Strategies: Implementing plans to manage the product lifecycle, adapting to changes in tourist preferences.
3. Market Strategies for Different Phases:
   • Introduction Phase: Focus on raising awareness and promoting the area.
   • Growth Phase: Enhancing services and expanding attractions based on initial feedback.
   • Maturity Phase: Diversifying offerings to sustain interest.
   • Decline Phase: Innovating to revitalize the area’s appeal.

Hydroelectric Power Stations

Characteristics of Xier River

Xier River is the discharge channel for Erhai Lake, one of Yunnan’s three major plateau lakes, with a constant water level of 1973 m, covering an area of 250 km² and a total volume of 3.16 billion cubic meters. The river flows through regions such as Xiaguan (下关) and Yangbi (漾濞), eventually merging into the Yangbi River (漾濞江), a tributary of the Lancang River. The river traverses steep mountainous valleys, providing excellent conditions for the construction of hydroelectric power stations.

Cascade Hydroelectric System

The cascade hydroelectric system comprises four stations, utilizing a total drop of 605 m with an overall installed capacity of 255 MW and an average annual power generation of 903 million kWh. The first station began construction in October 1958, while the last was completed in December 1980.

First Station

• Location: About 10 km downstream from Xiaguan
• Structure: Perforated dam, with a design head of 220 m and a maximum head of 245 m.
• Capacity: Three units, each with a capacity of 35 MW.
• Operational Start: January 1979
• Details: The facility has a mixed underground design, optimizing space and efficiency.

Second Station

• Location: Downstream from the first station
• Structure: Concrete gravity dam, designed head of 109 m.
• Capacity: Four units, each with a capacity of 12.5 MW.
• Operational Start: July 1978
• Details: This station’s infrastructure supports significant energy production with minimal environmental impact.

Third Station

• Location: Downstream from the second station
• Structure: Reinforced concrete dam.
• Capacity: Four units, each with a capacity of 12.5 MW.
• Operational Start: January 1987
• Details: Equipped with advanced technology to enhance power output and stability.

Fourth Station

• Location: Near Dahe River Village (大合江村)
• Structure: Concrete gravity dam, designed head of 100 m.
• Capacity: Four units, each with a capacity of 12.5 MW.
• Operational Start: December 1972
• Details: The station features modern facilities designed to withstand regional climatic challenges.

How to Get There

By Car:

From Dali Railway Station (大理市火车站):

• Take the West Scenic Line (西景线) to the East Ring Road (环海东路) to reach the Xier River.

Public Transport:

• Local buses frequently run from Dali City to various points along the river, making stops at popular attractions.

Nearby Attractions

• Erhai Lake (洱海): Known for its stunning views and recreational activities such as boating and fishing.
• Dali Ancient Town (大理古城): A historical area rich in culture and vibrant local markets.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: The scenic beauty of Xier River can be enjoyed year-round, but visiting during spring (March to May) and autumn (September to November) provides pleasant weather.
• Local Cuisine: Don’t miss trying local delicacies like Dali grilled fish and Yunnan cheese in nearby eateries.
• Safety: Be cautious near the water and follow local regulations regarding swimming and other water activities. It’s advisable to stay on designated paths and avoid swimming in unmonitored areas.
• Photography: The river and its surroundings provide excellent photo opportunities, especially at sunset and nighttime when the lights are on. Consider bringing a tripod for better night photography.
• Cultural Etiquette: Be respectful of local customs and practices, especially when interacting with residents and visiting cultural sites.

The Four Japanese Buddhist Pagodas, also known as Sisengta (四僧塔), Shisengta (诗僧塔), or Japanese Four Monks Pagoda, are located within the Tianlong Babu Film City (天龙八部影视城) in the southwest of Dali Ancient City (大理古城). This pagoda features a unique hammer-shaped design typical of Lama-style stone structures. The exterior is weathered and covered with patches of lime, showcasing its ancient heritage.

Historical Background

According to the records of Li Yuanyang (李元阳) in the Jiajing Era, the pagodas are situated above the Beijian (北涧) at Longquan Peak (龙泉峰). Two monks named Lu Guanggu (逯光古) and Dou Nan (斗南), both originally from Japan, were exiled to Dali during the late Yuan Dynasty and were known for their poetic and calligraphic talents. After their passing, the locals respected them and buried them at this site. The nearby Lüyuxi (绿玉溪), located between Yujufeng (玉局峰) and Longquan Peak, feeds into the stream known as Beijian.

The Four Japanese Pagodas were officially recognized as a provincial cultural heritage site by the Yunnan Provincial Government on January 7, 2012. Built during the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty (公元1368-1398年), the pagodas date back over 700 years and serve as the joint burial site for four Japanese monks who achieved enlightenment in Dali.

Architectural Features

The pagodas are characterized by their unique spindle shape and are quite rare in the Dali region. Standing at a total height of 6 meters, the structure is constructed from natural stones. It consists of three main parts: the base (塔基), the body (塔身), and the top (塔刹). The body stands 2.9 meters tall, while the base is 2.4 meters high and has a diameter of 4 meters. An oval-shaped entrance is located on the west side, with a niche on the northern side housing a damaged inscription in Sanskrit.

The pagodas exhibit a weathered beauty, with their deep stone colors and lime layers giving them a timeworn appearance, making them a significant historical site.

Cultural Significance

In early 2005, Japanese actor Takakura Ken (高仓健) contributed funds for the restoration of the Four Japanese Pagodas during the filming of “Riding Alone for Thousands of Miles” (千里走单骑). This site symbolizes the integration of minority cultures and foreign influences in the border regions, serving as a historical witness to exchanges between China and the West.

Protection and Management

The preservation zone is defined as follows:

• East: 7 meters from the tomb
• South: 14 meters from the tomb
• West: 11 meters from the tomb
• North: 10 meters from the tomb

The construction control area adheres to the ancient city preservation plan.

Development History

During the late Yuan and early Ming dynasties, several Japanese monks settled in Yunnan. Notable figures included Jianjixian (鉴机先), Tianxiang (天祥), Dou Nan (斗南), Yanci Zong (演此宗), and Jingzhong Zhao (镜中照). However, the specific identities of the four monks buried at the Four Pagodas remain uncertain due to the passage of time and limited records.

In 1999, local cultural authorities conducted repairs on the pagodas. Further restoration occurred in 2005, thanks to donations from Zhang Yimou (张艺谋) and Takakura Ken during the filming of “Riding Alone for Thousands of Miles.”

Importance in Dali’s Cultural Landscape

Dali has been a focal point of cultural exchange since the Qin and Han dynasties, serving as a key junction on trade routes such as the Southern Silk Road and the Tea Horse Road. As Buddhism flourished, Dali became a renowned center for religious and cultural interactions, earning titles like “Miaoxiang Ancient Country” and “Buddha Capital.”

The presence of Japanese monks in Dali underscores the historical ties between China and Japan, with the Four Pagodas standing as a testament to Dali’s openness to foreign influences.

Educational Exchange

Today, the Dali University (大理大学) across from the Green Stream (绿溪) has hosted thousands of international students from over 30 countries, including India, Pakistan, Nepal, Australia, South Korea, Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia, Myanmar, and Laos. In 2017, Dali University ranked among the top ten institutions nationwide for international undergraduate students, with over 1,000 currently enrolled.

Annual International Day

The university’s annual International Day attracts attention from South and Southeast Asian countries and has received recognition as an “Excellent Award for Campus Cultural Activities” by the Ministry of Education, representing a significant part of Yunnan’s efforts in implementing its strategic development initiatives.

How to Get There

To reach the Four Japanese Pagodas, you can take public transportation or drive. The pagodas are located within the Tianlong Babu Film City, about 1 kilometer north of the Hongsheng Temple Pagoda (弘圣寺塔).

Travel Tips

• Entrance Fee: Typically included in the ticket for Tianlong Babu Film City.
• Opening Hours: The site generally follows the operating hours of the film city.
• Best Time to Visit: Spring and autumn are ideal for pleasant weather.
• Photography: Bring a camera for stunning photos, especially in the surrounding gardens.
• Cultural Respect: Be mindful of the site’s historical significance and follow any posted guidelines.

The Four Japanese Buddhist Pagodas not only provide a glimpse into Dali’s rich history but also serve as a poignant reminder of cultural exchanges that have shaped the region over centuries.

Overview

The Weishan Folk Custom Museum (巍山民俗博物馆) is located in Renwen Lane on South Street in Weishan Ancient Town, Dali Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China. This private museum was originally the residence of Liang Meisheng, the eldest daughter of one of the four prominent families during the Weishan Chieftain era, and is now known as Liang’s Residence (梁大小姐宅). The museum is the culmination of the hard work of Zou Jingqian and his father, housing over 20,000 antique artifacts from various dynasties.

Rich Collections

In the Weishan Folk Custom Museum, visitors can find a diverse range of exhibits, including stone axes from the Neolithic period, ancient thangka paintings, stone inscriptions, and artifacts related to horse caravans. Additionally, the museum showcases complete furniture and tools from the Republic of China period, providing a glimpse into the historical and cultural richness of the Weishan area.

Hidden Gem

Many visitors overlook this museum, hidden in Renwen Lane of Weishan Ancient Town. It is an intimate space where the spirit of local customs and history is preserved, making it a unique stop for those interested in cultural heritage.

Exhibition Areas

The museum features nine major exhibition zones:

1. Chieftain Culture Exhibition Zone (土司文化展区)
2. Yi Ethnic Marriage Customs Exhibition Zone (彝族婚俗展区)
3. Horse Caravan Culture Exhibition Zone (马帮文化展区)
4. Horse Carving Intangible Cultural Heritage Zone (甲马非遗展区)
5. Rare Stones Exhibition Zone (奇珍异石展区)
6. Imperial Examination Hall Exhibition Zone (科技殿试展区)
7. Ancient Music Exhibition Zone (洞经古乐展区)
8. Wood Carving Craft Exhibition Zone (木雕工艺展区)
9. Buddhist Culture and Art Exhibition Zone (佛教文化艺术展区)

Visiting Information

• Admission Fee: 20 CNY (including guided tour)
• Opening Hours: 09:00 AM – 05:00 PM
• Location: No. 21, Renwen Lane, Rising Sun Street, Weishan Ancient Town, Dali Prefecture, Yunnan Province
• Nearby Attractions: Star Tower (星拱楼), Dajue Temple (等觉寺)
• Suggested Visit Duration: 1 to 2 hours

Travel Tips

• It’s recommended to call ahead to confirm opening hours as they may vary, particularly during lunch breaks.
• Guided tours by Madame Zou last approximately 30 minutes, after which visitors can explore at their leisure. Retaining your ticket allows for a free return visit.
• The museum’s rich collection is greater than that of some city or provincial museums, making it a hidden treasure for those looking to expand their understanding of cultural artifacts.

How to Get There

• By Car: Start from Dali Passenger Station, take S224, and follow the signs to Weishan Ancient Town.

Enjoy your visit to the Weishan Folk Custom Museum, where the vibrant history and culture of the region come alive!

Overview

Chiwen Islet (赤文岛), commonly known as Lue Mountain (鹿峨山), is one of the famous three islands in Erhai Lake (洱海) and is located within Wase Town (挖色镇) in Dali City (大理市). This picturesque peninsula sits between Wase Village (挖色村) and Kangle Village (康廊村). The islet is renowned for its beautiful landscapes, featuring ancient altars for sky worship at its peak, with striking views of Haoyin Xiaopu Tu (海印小普陀) across the lake. The waters here are clear and bright throughout the year, with rugged rocks, abundant flowers, and lush greenery all around.

Natural Beauty

The islet is alive with schools of fish swimming in the water and various aquatic birds nesting along the shores. The atmosphere is filled with the sounds of chirping birds and fluttering butterflies, while fishing boats glide gracefully by, making it one of the main tourist attractions along the Erhai Lake shoreline. Chiwen Islet is situated to the west of Shuanglang Ancient Town (双廊古镇) in the northeastern part of Erhai Lake, stretching approximately 1,100 meters in length and 600 meters in width.

The breathtaking scenery includes a seamless blend of sky and water, ancient banyan trees with sprawling branches, and a labyrinth of ancient caves such as “Big Fishing Cave” (大渔洞), “Sea in Sea” (海中海), “Island in Island” (岛中岛), “Conch Stone” (海螺石), “Jade Floating Rock” (玉浮岩), and “Tiger Watching the Tide” (虎观潮).

Archaeological Findings

During the development of Chiwen Islet, Neolithic relics and ancient tombs were uncovered, including stone knives, stone axes, stone chisels, fishing net weights, bronze-handled knives, boot-shaped axes, and clay molds. The islet’s surroundings boast clear beaches and white sands, epitomizing the phrase, “Mountains and people are harmonious, waters and feelings are eternal.”

Notable Features

Among the treasures of the islet is a 500-year-old banyan tree, the oldest on the island. Its unique form has a crown of leaves that covers over 600 square meters, with aerial roots that cascade down like a waterfall, hence named the “Root Waterfall” (根瀑). If the renowned scenery of Cangshan and Erhai is likened to a dazzling multi-colored crown, then Chiwen Islet is undoubtedly a jewel embedded within it.

Surrounded by water, the islet is bordered by steep cliffs, with waves crashing against the shore, creating a picturesque scene. The area is rich in both cultural and natural landscapes. To the east lies the famous Buddhist holy site, Jizu Mountain (鸡足山); to the north is the precious gem mountain, Shibao Mountain (石宝山); to the south, the historic cultural city of Dali; and to the west, the majestic Cangshan (苍山) and Erhai. The islet enjoys a unique geographical advantage, earning it the reputation of being a pearl in the crown of Dali’s scenic beauty.

Cultural Recognition

Famous writer Su Tong (苏童) composed a poem after visiting Chiwen Islet, praising:
“留下吧，留下吧，在苍山洱海怀抱里做个好梦，滞宿小岛对我们今后的回忆，将留下一个永生难忘的华彩乐章。”
(“Stay, stay, and dream sweetly in the embrace of Cangshan and Erhai; memories of our stay on this little island will leave an unforgettable masterpiece in our lives.”)

Visiting Information

• Suggested Visit Duration: 1 to 3 hours
• Location: Chiwen Islet, Dali City, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province (近大西线鹿鹅山遗址)
• Admission Fee: For specific details, please consult the scenic area.

How to Get There

• By Car: Start from Dali City Passenger Station, take Huanghai East Road (环海东路), and then Dali-Lijiang Expressway (大丽高速) to reach your destination.

Travel Tips

• It’s advisable to check the weather before your visit, as conditions can affect visibility and enjoyment.
• Bring water and snacks, as amenities may be limited on the islet.
• Consider visiting during weekdays to avoid crowds and have a more peaceful experience.