Overview

Wanshou Temple (万寿寺, Wànshòu Sì) is situated on Wanshou Mountain (万寿山, Wànshòu Shān) in the northwestern part of Xiaoni Fang Village (小泥房村, Xiǎo Nífáng Cūn), Hedian Town (禾甸镇, Hédiān Zhèn), Xiangyun County (祥云县, Xiángyún Xiàn). The temple was originally built during the Kangxi period (康熙年间, Kāngxī Niánjiān) of the Qing Dynasty (清朝, Qīng Cháo).

Historical Background

Founded in the third year of the Hongwu era (洪武, Hóngwǔ) of the Ming Dynasty (明朝, Míng Cháo) by Yang Hui (杨惠, Yáng Huì), a descendant of the Nanzhao chieftain Yang Shilong (杨实隆, Yáng Shílóng), Wanshou Temple has undergone several renovations throughout its history. The temple is divided into three courtyards, with each courtyard serving different religious purposes.

Architectural Features

• Main Hall: Features the Maitreya Buddha (弥勒佛, Mílè Fó) and is dedicated to Guanyin (观音, Guānyīn) and various bodhisattvas.
• Second Courtyard: Contains the Buddha Hall (佛殿, Fó Diàn), which enshrines various Buddhist saints.
• Third Courtyard: Hosts the Jade Emperor Hall (玉皇殿, Yùhuáng Diàn), dedicated to the Jade Emperor (玉皇大帝, Yùhuáng Dàdì).

The temple is known as a religious and tourism site, attracting visitors who come to burn incense and pray, especially during the Lunar New Year (大年初一, Dà Nián Chūyī). The local Bai ethnic group (白族, Bái Zú) also gathers here to meet and celebrate.

Cultural Significance

Wanshou Temple, located 23 kilometers from Xiangyun County (祥云县, Xiángyún Xiàn) city center, serves as a cultural landmark. The temple’s entrance features a grand gate inscribed with “Wanshou Mountain,” standing tall amidst ancient trees that add to its mystique and solemnity.

Notable Events

Every Lunar New Year, the temple hosts a large incense offering event, drawing numerous pilgrims and tourists. It was classified as a cultural heritage site in Xiangyun County in 1983.

How to Get There

Wanshou Temple is accessible by road, located approximately 23 kilometers from the center of Xiangyun County. Local buses and taxis frequently operate routes to Hedian Town, where the temple can be reached by a short walk.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Visit during the Lunar New Year for the vibrant celebrations.
• Dress Code: Modest clothing is recommended to respect the sacred environment.
• Photography: Be mindful of photography restrictions within the temple grounds.
• Local Cuisine: Explore nearby villages for traditional Bai cuisine and snacks.
• Guided Tours: Consider hiring a local guide to gain deeper insights into the temple’s history and significance.

Contact Information

For further details about visiting Wanshou Temple, check local tourism websites or contact the Xiangyun County cultural heritage office.

Overview

The Hall of the Medicine Buddha (药师殿, Yàoshī Diàn) is a significant site within the Chongsheng Monastery (崇圣寺, Chóngshèng Sì) in Dali (大理, Dàlǐ). This hall features a 1.6-meter tall seated statue of the Medicine Buddha (药师佛, Yàoshī Fó), whose full Sanskrit name is “Yaoshi Liuli Guang Rulai” (药师琉璃光如来). Known also as “Medical King Shanshi” (医王善逝) or “Great Medical King Buddha” (大医王佛), he is the leader of the Eastern Pure Glass World, revered alongside Shakyamuni Buddha (释迦牟尼佛, Shìjiā Móunì Fó) and Amitabha Buddha (阿弥陀佛, Ēmíntuó Fó) as part of the “Three Buddhas of the Past” (横三世佛, Héng Sān Shì Fó). The Medicine Buddha is often depicted with the sun (日光菩萨, Rìguāng Púsà) and moon (月光菩萨, Yuèguāng Púsà) bodhisattvas, forming the “Three Saints of the East” (东方三圣, Dōngfāng Sānshèng). His vows to alleviate suffering are detailed in the “Medicine Buddha Sutra” (药师经, Yàoshī Jīng).

Historical Background

The Chongsheng Monastery was established during the Nanzhao Kingdom (南诏, Nánzhào) and is noted for its grandeur. Historical accounts vary, but it is said to have been built as a center for alliances between the Nanzhao king and Tibetan masters.

Architectural Layout

The Hall features two Medicine Buddha statues with blue crowns, long ears, and ornate robes, seated on lotus thrones. One hand displays the Dharmachakra Mudra (法界定印, Fǎjiè Dìng Yìn), while the other performs the Abhaya Mudra (施无畏手印, Shī Wúwèi Shǒuyìn), symbolizing fearlessness. The statue is surrounded by a vibrant red palette, flowers, and clouds, creating a majestic atmosphere. The hall includes a quadrilateral courtyard with three front rooms, three rear rooms, and six ear chambers, home to two ancient Yunnan camellia trees said to be planted by Yuan dynasty monk Lianfeng.

Cultural Significance

The Chongsheng Monastery has played a crucial role in the development of Buddhism in Dali, serving as a spiritual hub during the Nanzhao and Dali Kingdoms. Many emperors chose to become monks here, and significant historical events, such as the reception of sacred Buddhist relics, took place within its walls.

Preservation Efforts

In October 1994, the Chongsheng Monastery’s Three Pagodas (三塔, Sān Tǎ) were designated as a protected cultural site, leading to significant restoration projects. This included the establishment of museums, lighting enhancements, and landscaping to showcase the pagodas’ historical beauty.

How to Get There

The Chongsheng Monastery and Hall of the Medicine Buddha are located approximately 2 kilometers northwest of Dali Ancient City (大理古城, Dàlǐ Gǔchéng). Local buses and taxis provide convenient access to the site.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Spring and autumn for pleasant weather.
• Dress Code: Dress modestly to show respect for the sacred space.
• Photography: Be aware of photography restrictions inside the temple.
• Local Cuisine: Explore nearby food stalls to sample Dali’s local snacks.
• Guided Tours: Consider hiring a local guide for a richer understanding of the temple’s history and significance.

Contact Information

• Phone: +86 872-2666346
• Location: Chongsheng Monastery, Cangshan Yingyue Peak, 2 km northwest of Dali Ancient City, Yunnan Province, China.

Introduction

The Wenwu Temple (文庙和武庙) is located in the southern part of Zhoucheng Town (州城镇), about 12 kilometers from Binchuan County (宾川县) in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture (大理白族自治州), Yunnan Province (云南省). The Wenwu Temple consists of two parts: the Confucian Temple (文庙), built in the seventh year of the Ming Hongzhi era (弘治七年, 1494), and the Martial Temple (武庙), established during the early years of the Qing Kangxi era (康熙初年, 1662-1670). This site has been recognized as a key national cultural relic protection unit since May 25, 2006.

A Wen Wu temple or Wenwu temple (Chinese: 文武廟) is a temple in China venerating both the patron gods of civil and martialaffairs in the same temple complex. In southern China the civil god or Wéndì (Chinese: 文帝), is Wenchang (Chinese: 文昌) and in the north it is Confucius, in both the north and the south the martial god or Wǔdì (Chinese: 武帝) is Guan Yu (Chinese: 關帝). Although temples to either the civil or martial deities alone are widespread, it is comparatively rare to have temples venerating both. Wen Wu temples were patronised by those in the Ming and Qing dynasties seeking success in the Imperial examinations, which were divided into civil and military examinations, and by those seeking advancement in those professions which can be interpreted as falling under the aegis of either god; so for example to the present day civil servants will make offerings to the civil god and policemen to the martial god.

Area and Structure

The total area of the Wenwu Temple complex is 14,908 square meters. The Confucian Temple faces west and covers over 8,000 square meters, featuring a traditional axial layout with four courtyards. Key buildings include the wall of honor (照壁), Lingxing Gate (棂星门), Shrine of Renowned Scholars (名宦乡贤祠), Great Achievement Gate (大成门), two wings (两庑), Great Achievement Hall (大成殿), and the Chongsheng Shrine (崇圣祠), primarily constructed in the late Qing Dynasty (清朝中后期). The Martial Temple faces south and spans over 6,000 square meters, with architectural styles similar to the Confucian Temple. Its notable structures include the wall of honor, main gate, two wings, central hall, and the Wucheng Hall (武成殿), mainly dating back to the ninth year of the Qing Guangxu era (光绪九年, 1883).

Historical Background

The construction of the Great Achievement Hall (大成殿) began in 1494, with significant renovations occurring in 1541. The Martial Temple’s construction started in the early years of the Kangxi era, with multiple restorations and expansions over the years, including the addition of shrines and significant structural repairs in the 20th century.

Architectural Features

Confucian Temple

The Confucian Temple is arranged in a four-courtyard layout, with the Great Achievement Hall as the main structure along the central axis. Key buildings include:

• Lingxing Gate (棂星门): The entrance to the complex.
• Great Achievement Gate (大成门): A ceremonial gate.
• Great Achievement Hall (大成殿): A single-eaved hip-roof structure measuring 18.5 meters wide and 15 meters deep, housing tablets for Confucius and other scholars.
• Chongsheng Shrine (崇圣祠): A two-eaved pavilion behind the Great Achievement Hall.

Martial Temple

The Martial Temple, located 50 meters south of the Confucian Temple, covers over 3,000 square meters and features similar architectural styles, including:

• Wucheng Hall (武成殿): A single-eaved structure measuring 13.5 meters wide and 5.6 meters deep.
• Main Hall (中堂): A single-eaved structure 12 meters wide and 7.5 meters deep.

Cultural and Historical Value

The Wenwu Temple is one of the largest and most well-preserved ancient architectural complexes in Yunnan. It reflects the local cultural values of reverence for education and martial prowess, serving as an essential site for understanding the architectural developments and social history of Yunnan during the Ming (明) and Qing (清) dynasties.

Protection Measures

The site was designated a provincial-level key cultural relic protection unit by the Yunnan Provincial People’s Government in November 1998 and was recognized as a national key cultural relic protection unit in 2006.

How to Get There

• Public Transport: Take bus route 4 to Renmin Road Crossing Station (人民路口站) in Dali. From there, it is a short walk of about 410 meters to the temple.

Travel Tips

• Visit during weekdays to avoid crowds.
• Engage with local guides for in-depth historical insights.
• Sample local cuisine at nearby eateries.
• Bring a camera to capture the intricate architecture and serene surroundings.

Introduction

The Sichuan Temple (四川会馆), also known as the Sichuan Guild Hall (川庙), is located at the southeastern corner of the ancient Zhoucheng Old Town (州城镇), about 11 kilometers from Binchuan County (宾川县) in Dali Prefecture (大理州). Established in the second year of the Qing Xuantong era (宣统二年, 1910), the temple occupies an area of 1,666 square meters and features several well-preserved buildings, including the main hall (大殿), north and south wings (南北厢房), and the gatehouse (门楼).

Architectural Features

The main hall is a single-eaved hip-roof structure facing west, composed of three bays. The north and south wings are also single-eaved hip-roof designs located on either side of the main hall. The gatehouse mirrors the main hall’s architecture, featuring a central entrance flanked by a small stage (小型戏台) at the rear. The entire complex is well-preserved and showcases traditional architectural styles.

Historical Significance

The Sichuan Temple served as a key gathering place for Sichuan (四川) merchants during the late Qing Dynasty (清朝) and the Republic of China (民国) period. Its historical value lies in its contribution to the study of economic and commercial activities in Binchuan during that time.

Cultural Insights

The temple stands as a testament to the vibrant economic exchanges that took place in Binchuan, reflecting the influence of Sichuanese culture in the region. It provides valuable insights into the social and commercial dynamics of the time.

Opening Hours

• Open year-round.

Location

The Sichuan Temple is situated in the southeastern corner of the ancient Zhoucheng Old Town, approximately 11 kilometers from Binchuan County, Dali Prefecture, Yunnan Province.

Transportation

Taxi

The starting fare for taxis in Dali is 8 yuan.

Road

Traveling to Dali by bus is convenient, with frequent services connecting Kunming (昆明) to Dali. The highway is well-maintained, allowing for easy access to the town.

Travel Tips

• Explore the temple during off-peak hours for a quieter experience.
• Engage with local guides to learn more about the temple’s history and cultural significance.
• Don’t miss the opportunity to sample local cuisine available nearby.
• Bring a camera to capture the beautiful architecture and surrounding scenery.

Introduction

Zhoucheng Old Town (州城古镇) is nestled at the foot of Zhongying Mountain (钟英山) in Binchuan County (宾川县), Dali Prefecture (大理州), Yunnan Province (云南省). With a history exceeding 2,000 years, it originated during the Warring States period (战国时代). This town has played a pivotal role in the spread of Central Plains culture during the Qin (秦) and Han (汉) dynasties and served as a crucial stop on the Ancient Tea Horse Road (茶马古道) from the Ming (明) to the Republic of China (民国) eras.

Historical Significance

Zhoucheng Old Town is a site of great historical importance, particularly as the location where the Chinese Workers’ and Peasants’ Red Army (中国工农红军) passed through during the Long March (长征) in April 1936. The town is home to various relics, revolutionary stories, and significant educational sites for patriotism in Dali Prefecture.

Notable historical sites include:

• Nationally Protected Cultural Heritage:
  • Confucian Temple (文庙)
  • Martial Temple (武庙)
• Provincial Level Sites:
  • Nanxun Bridge (南薰桥)
  • Zhonggu Tower (钟鼓楼)
  • Jichuan Bridge (济川桥)
  • Zhizheng Bridge (知政桥)
  • Bishan Academy (笔山书院)
  • Sichuan Guild Hall (四川会馆)
  • Ancient City Wall Ruins

The well-preserved ancient city wall, built in 1494 (the seventh year of the Hongzhi reign), is a rare find among provincial towns. The architectural features reflect rich local ethnic characteristics, earning the town provincial and national recognition as a historical and cultural site.

Cultural Insights

The wall bricks, inscribed with ancient texts, have sparked public interest. Following the Ming Hongwu period (洪武十五年, 1382 AD), strategies were enacted to manage the region’s complexities, leading to significant military and civilian migrations.

The inscriptions on these bricks vary in content and style, primarily in Kai (楷体) and highlight the craftsmanship of local artisans. They offer valuable insights into the historical context and artistic expressions of the era.

Opening Hours

• Open year-round.

Location

Zhoucheng Old Town is situated in the central region of Binchuan County, Dali Prefecture, Yunnan Province.

Transportation

Taxi

The starting fare for taxis in Dali is 8 yuan.

Road

Traveling to Dali by bus is convenient, with a well-maintained highway connecting Kunming (昆明) to Dali. Various bus services run frequently throughout the day and night.

Travel Tips

• Visit historical sites early in the morning to avoid crowds.
• Sample local Bai cuisine to immerse yourself in the regional culture.
• Respect local customs, especially in religious sites.
• Carry cash, as some small vendors may not accept credit cards.

Overview

The Guandi Temple (关帝庙, Guān Dì Miào) in Dali City (大理, Dàlǐ) was established in the 17th year of the Hongwu era during the Ming Dynasty (明朝, Míng cháo), specifically in 1384. Also known as the Wumiao (武庙), this temple symbolizes Dali’s martial culture and wealth. The temple is part of the “Hedang Ancient Road” series project initiated by Yunnan City Investment (云南城投, Yúnnán Chéngtóu) and aims to become a new historical and cultural attraction in Dali.

Historical Significance

With the development of Yunnan’s tourism industry, the Guandi Temple represents the first step in transforming Dali’s cultural tourism. This project uniquely integrates traditional Chinese culture with the millennia-old mysteries of the Bai people’s (白族, Bái zú) local culture. The temple will feature 63 of the most influential Bai ancestral statues alongside the statue of Guandi (关公, Guān Gōng) in the main hall, serving as a focal point for worshippers.

The temple’s restoration and the excavation of its historical significance ensure it goes beyond mere real estate development. As part of the celebrations for the upcoming Ethnic Festival on April 10, the first martial arts competition, an international folk music festival, and various cultural performances will be held.

Cultural Events

The Guandi Temple is expected to rival famous sites like the Confucius Temple in Nanjing (南京夫子庙, Nánjīng Fūzǐ Miào). Spanning over 20 acres, the temple complex has expansive courtyards accommodating thousands of worshippers and is vital to the cultural heritage of Dali.

Restoration and Development

The “Hedang Ancient Road” project involves protective development on the original temple site, restoring landmarks such as the ancient wall and stone fountain. The architectural style will reflect Bai traditional residences while providing a welcoming ambiance. The project includes a sunken plaza for showcasing local cultural activities and will feature dining, cultural, experiential, and antique zones.

Grand Opening Ceremony

The grand lighting ceremony of the Guandi Temple was officiated by the renowned Taoist master Liao Dehong (廖德鸿, Liào Déhóng) from Taiwan. Incense ash from three major Guandi temples—Luoyang (洛阳, Luòyáng), Jiexiu (解州, Jiězhōu), and Dangyang (当阳, Dāngyáng)—was combined and placed in the temple’s incense burner, marking a significant cultural unification.

Cultural Fusion

The Dali Guandi Temple stands as the only local temple integrating martial and Bai ancestral cultures. It aims to promote tourism, entertainment, dining, shopping, and cultural experiences while preserving traditional values. Experts highlight its potential to be a cultural tourism hub, merging ancient traditions with modern tourism.

Travel Information

How to Get There

• By Car: Start from Dali City Bus Station (大理市客运站, Dàlǐ Shì Kèyùn Zhàn) via People’s North Road (人民北路, Rénmín Běi Lù) and Xijing Road (西景线, Xī Jǐngxiàn).

Travel Tips

• Visit Duration: Expect to spend 1-3 hours exploring the site.
• Opening Hours: 08:00 AM – 05:00 PM (January 1 – December 31, daily).
• Ticket Information: Please consult the temple for specific ticket details.
• Location: 172 Huguo Road, Dali Ancient City, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province (云南省大理白族自治州大理市护国路172号大理古城).

The Dali Guandi Temple is not only a historical monument but also a unique blend of culture and tourism, ensuring a memorable visit for all.

Overview of Taihe City Ruins (太和城遗址)

The Taihe City Ruins, located in Taihe Village (太和村) of Xiguan Town (下关镇), Dali City (大理市), Yunnan Province (云南省), lie at the foot of the Buddha Peak (佛顶峰) of Cangshan (苍山) mountain range. It is situated 6 kilometers south of Xiguan and 7 kilometers north of the ancient city of Dali. This site serves as a crucial geographical point between Cangshan and Erhai Lake (洱海), acting as a vital passage from Longwei Pass (龙尾关) into Dali’s ancient city.

The name “Taihe” means “city built on the hillside” in the Yi language (夷语山坡之意).

The Taihe City Ruins is the first capital established after the founding of the Nanzhao Kingdom (南诏国), a local kingdom of ethnic minorities during the Tang Dynasty (唐朝). It is one of the best-preserved ancient city sites among the three capitals of Nanzhao. From 739 AD, when it was established as the capital, until its relocation to Yangjiumie City (羊苴咩城, the ancient city of Dali) in 779 AD, it served as the capital for 40 years. During this time, Nanzhao unified Yunnan for the first time in history, laying the geographical foundation for the Nanzhao, Dali, and later Yunnan Province during the Yuan, Ming, and Qing Dynasties.

On March 4, 1961, the Taihe City Ruins were announced as one of the first national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council of the People’s Republic of China.

• Chinese Name: 太和城遗址
• Location: 大理市下关镇太和村 (Taihe Village, Xiguan Town, Dali City, Yunnan Province)
• Ticket Price: Free
• Protection Level: First batch of national key cultural relics protection units
• Approval Authority: State Council of the People’s Republic of China
• Code: 157
• Era: Nanzhao (649 AD—902 AD)

Historical Development

During the Tang Dynasty, there were six chieftain states surrounding Erhai Lake, collectively known as the “Six Zhao” (六召). The Mengshe Zhao (蒙舍诏) state, originating from Weishan, unified the Six Zhao with the support of the Tang Dynasty and relocated its capital to Taihe City in 739 AD.

• 747 AD: Construction of Vajra City (金刚城) was added within Taihe City.
• 766 AD: The Nanzhao King Ge Luofeng established the Nanzhao Dehua Stele (南诏德化碑).
• 779 AD: The capital was moved to Yangjiumie City, ending Taihe City’s role as the capital.

Archaeological investigations were conducted in the ruins during various periods, including excavations in 1964, 1997, 2005, and 2016.

Site Characteristics

The Taihe City Ruins comprise three sections: the inner city, the imperial city, and the outer city. The inner city features a semi-circular moat city, while the imperial and outer cities are primarily constructed of stone. Vajra City is a small city located at the top of Taihe Mountain, built mainly with rammed earth. It is named after the “Diamond Sutra” (金刚经), which was granted to Nanzhao by the Tang Dynasty.

Cultural Relics

Numerous artifacts have been excavated from the Taihe City Ruins, including tiles (瓦片), glazed ceramic bricks (釉陶砖), and various other relics. Significant finds include:

• A large area of paving bricks measuring 14 meters long and 1.6 meters wide.
• Stone bases for pillars and remnants of architectural foundations.
• Artifacts from the Bronze Age, including bronze ceremonial objects.

The Nanzhao Dehua Stele, which stands at 3.02 meters tall, documents the early establishment of the Nanzhao regime and its relations with the Tang Dynasty.

Research Value

The Taihe City Ruins play a significant role in understanding the history and culture of the Nanzhao Kingdom. The site offers valuable archaeological materials for studying social systems and ethnic relations in Yunnan during the Nanzhao period.

Protection Measures

Since its designation as a key cultural relic, protection and management measures have been taken, including comprehensive archaeological plans initiated in 2014 and the establishment of a dedicated archaeological work station in 2023.

Historical Culture

The Nanzhao Kingdom was a local state in southwestern China during the Tang Dynasty. Its establishment and expansion included the spread of Buddhism, which became the dominant religion during its rule. The conflicts known as the “Tianbao Wars” (天宝战争) were significant historical events that solidified Nanzhao’s power in Yunnan.

Travel Information

Location

The Taihe City Ruins are located 7 kilometers south of Dali City in Taihe Village, at the foot of Cangshan Mountain, making it an accessible destination for visitors.

How to Get There

• From Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, take Liuhexiang, Cangshan Road, Renmin North Road, and National Road 214 to reach the Taihe City Ruins.

Travel Tips

• Visit early in the day to avoid crowds and enjoy the site at a leisurely pace.
• Bring water and snacks, as there may be limited facilities nearby.
• Consider hiring a local guide to gain deeper insights into the historical significance of the ruins.
• Wear comfortable shoes for walking and exploring the extensive site.

Location: 大理市下关镇太和村西的鹤顶峰麓

Overview of Shangguan Flower Park (上关花公园)

Shangguan Flower Park (上关花公园) is located to the south of Longshou Pass (龙首关) in the ancient Nanzhao Kingdom, specifically in Shangguan Village (上关村) of Xizhou Town (喜洲镇), Dali (大理市). The park lies east of Erhai Lake (洱海) and is bordered to the west by Cangshan Mountain (苍山), particularly the Yunong Peak (云弄峰). It is also approximately 1 kilometer from Butterfly Spring (蝴蝶泉). Construction began in December 1992, and the park was completed in September 1993. The scenic area features several attractions including the mountain gate, twin big green trees, gardens, a song and dance amusement park, and Tianlong Cave (天龙洞).

Key Details

• Chinese Name: 上关花公园 (Shangguan Hua Gongyuan)
• Location: Shangguan Village (上关村), Xizhou Town (喜洲镇), Dali (大理市)
• Opening Hours:
  • May 1 to September 30: Monday to Sunday 08:00-18:00
  • October 1 to April 30: Monday to Sunday 08:00-17:00
• Famous Attraction: Tianlong Babu Guan (天龙八部官)
• Construction Start: December 1992

Shangguan Flower

The park is named after the renowned Shangguan Flower (上关花), which can be found in Huashu Village (花树村) north of Longshou Pass. Known as “Shili Xiang” (十里香) or “Ten Miles of Fragrance,” this flower is the magnolia (木莲花) that typically has 12 petals in regular years and 13 petals in leap years. The flowers are yellow and white, resembling jade magnolia, and emit a strong fragrance. Historical texts from the Ming Dynasty (明代) mention it, but it was destroyed during the Qing Dynasty (清代). Xu Xiake (徐霞客), a famous traveler, recorded in his “Diary of Travels in Yunnan” (《滇游日记》) that the flowers “are yellow and white, large as lotuses, with 12 petals, increasing by one during leap years. Their fragrance is far stronger than that of those not seen in the provincial capital.”

Currently, Shangguan Flower Park cultivates this flower, which is expected to flourish again in three to five years, providing a delightful sight for visitors.

Tianlong Cave (天龙洞)

The highlight of the park is Tianlong Cave, located on the hillside of Yunong Peak. The cave stretches 507 meters in length, featuring unique and oddly shaped stalactites that create various scenic views. There are currently 28 named attractions within the cave, including:

• Tianlong Column (天龙柱)
• Goldfish Pool (金鱼池)
• Xuanfeng Cave (玄峰洞)
• Lotus Rock (莲花岩)
• Qianyan Cave (千眼洞)
• Tianwa Stone (天蛙石)
• Longzi Hall (龙子殿)
• Longnu Hall (龙女殿)
• Tianwa Cave (天蛙洞)
• Echo Cave (回音洞)
• Wanbao Hall (万宝堂)
• Divine Bamboo Garden (神竹园)
• Sleeping Lion (卧狮)
• White King Hall (白王殿)
• Immortal Field (神仙田)
• Tianlong Pool (天龙潭)
• Covering Sky Rock (盖天石)
• Twin Tortoise Cave (双龟洞)
• Amber Rock (琥珀岩)
• Fairy’s Milk (仙女乳)
• Ladder to Heaven (上天梯)
• Waterfall Cave (飞瀑洞)
• Monkey Stone (猿猴石)
• White Fairy Cave (白仙洞)
• Sky-Connecting Moon Viewing (通天望月)
• Shangguan Flower (上关花)
• Tianlong Babu Guan (天龙八部官)
• Sleeping Golden Dragon (卧金龙)

Along the path outside the cave, you can find attractions such as Taizi Pavilion (太子阁), Eight Immortals (八仙), Monk Jigong (济公和尚), and Dragon Lady (龙女).

Contact Information

• Phone: 0872-2458661; 15911216858

Time Needed for Visit

1-3 hours

Transportation

• Self-Driving: From Dali Passenger Transport Station, take Provincial Highway 221 and National Highway 221 to reach the destination.

Opening Hours

09:00-18:00 (January 1 to December 31, Monday to Sunday)

Location

Shangguan Flower Park, Shangguan Village, Xizhou Town, Dali, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province (云南省大理白族自治州大理市喜洲镇上关村上关花·天龙洞景区)

How to Get There

• By Car: The easiest way is to drive from Dali city to the park using the mentioned highways.
• By Public Transport: Buses or local taxis can also be taken from Dali city to reach Xizhou, and from there, you can access the park.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Spring and summer are ideal for viewing the blooming flowers.
• What to Bring: Bring a camera to capture the beautiful flowers and cave formations.
• Enjoy Local Cuisine: Don’t miss trying local Bai dishes in nearby eateries.
• Cultural Respect: Be mindful of the local customs and maintain the cleanliness of the park during your visit.

Overview

Xiao Putuo Island (小普陀岛) is situated on the eastern side of Erhai Lake (洱海) in Dali (大理市), Yunnan Province (云南省). Located at coordinates 25°42′23″N 100°14′05″E, this limestone island covers an area of approximately 100 square meters and rises 12 meters above the water surface. The island is said to resemble a golden seal floating on the water, believed to be the seal used by Avalokiteshvara (观音大士) to calm the sea in ancient times. Its shape and the surrounding pavilions remind one of the legendary Putuo Mountain (普陀山) in Chinese mythology, thus earning its name.

The pavilions on the island were built during the Ming Dynasty (明朝) and consist of two stories. The first floor features a statue of the Buddha (如来), while the second floor houses a statue of Avalokiteshvara (观音). The architecture is charming and intricate, shrouded in mist and imbued with a sense of serenity. Although the island is not large, it is dotted with unique rock formations and lush trees, creating a natural bonsai landscape.

Key Details

• Chinese Name: 小普陀岛 (Xiao Putuo Dao)
• Location: Dali (大理市), Erhai Lake (洱海) eastern side
• Area: 100 m²
• Type: Limestone island

History of Xiao Putuo Island

Origin

Xiao Putuo Island is often referred to as a “miniature island.” Despite its small size, it is quite famous and frequently appears in brochures introducing Dali. The island has a circumference of only 200 meters and is entirely made of limestone. Its shape resembles a round seal, leading to another name, Haiyin (海印). According to legend, the waters of Erhai are home to many dragons that often stir up storms. The rock formation is believed to be the great seal used by Avalokiteshvara to subdue the dragons.

During the Ming Dynasty, around the time of the Chongzhen Emperor (崇祯), local fishermen funded the construction of a two-story pavilion on Xiao Putuo Island to house a statue of Avalokiteshvara, leading to its local name, Guanyin Pavilion (观音阁).

Haiyin Village (海印村)

Located to the east of Xiao Putuo Island, near the natural fishing harbor called Baishi Qu (白石曲), Haiyin Village has developed around it. The village is nestled between Qigupeng (旗鼓峰) of Yuyan Mountain (玉案山) to the east and Erhai Lake to the west. With a population of over 400 households and nearly 2,000 residents, all belonging to the Bai ethnic group (白族), the village maintains rich Bai cultural traditions.

Haiyin Village has around 60 acres of arable land, and residents primarily engage in transportation, selling building materials, and fishing, with an annual catch close to 1,000 tons. The villagers, who are skilled swimmers, can easily reach Xiao Putuo Island in a few minutes. In the past, local fishermen mostly used sailboats or “mule boats” (用浆划的骡子船) for transportation. Haiyin Village exemplifies a traditional fishing village with Bai-style houses featuring white walls and blue tiles. During festive occasions, Xiao Putuo Island becomes a favored site for villagers to worship deities and enjoy leisure activities.

Cultural Significance

Name Meaning

The name “Putuo” (普陀) is derived from the Sanskrit word “Putuo Lujia Mountain” (普陀珞伽山), meaning “Small White Flower Mountain” or “Small Flower Tree Mountain,” believed to be a place where Avalokiteshvara practiced in India. As a result, many places associated with Avalokiteshvara are referred to as Putuo Mountain, such as the well-known Putuo Mountain in Zhejiang Province (浙江普陀山), one of China’s four sacred Buddhist mountains.

The Buddhism practiced in Dali has a notable characteristic of closeness to Bodhisattvas, particularly Avalokiteshvara, more than to the Buddha (释迦牟尼). The Bai people predominantly worship Avalokiteshvara in temples, where she is represented in both male and female forms. Xiao Putuo Island specifically features a female representation of Avalokiteshvara, contrasting with the Theravada Buddhism practiced in regions like Xishuangbanna (西双版纳) and Dehong (德宏).

Xiao Putuo Island is not only a picturesque spot but also a rich center of Buddhist culture.

How to Get There

• By Boat: Visitors can take a boat from Dali city center to Xiao Putuo Island, which is a scenic ride across Erhai Lake.
• Walking: If you are near Haiyin Village, you can easily swim or use a small boat to reach the island.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Spring and autumn are ideal for enjoying the pleasant weather and vibrant scenery.
• Photography: Don’t forget your camera to capture the stunning landscapes and cultural architecture.
• Local Cuisine: Explore nearby restaurants in Haiyin Village for authentic Bai cuisine after visiting the island.
• Cultural Etiquette: Be respectful of the local traditions and the peaceful environment when visiting the island.

Overview

Yueryuan Garden (玉洱园) is located in the Dali Ancient City (大理古城), specifically on the north side of Yu’er Road (玉洱路中段北侧). Covering an area of 28 acres, this garden was originally a botanical nursery established during the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China. During the Anti-Japanese War, it was named “Zhidan Park” (志丹公园), and after the liberation, it served as a nursery base for the forestry department.

Location

• Geographical Location: North side of Yu’er Road, Dali Ancient City (大理古城玉洱路中段北侧)
• Area: 28 acres
• Original Name: Zhidan Park (志丹公园)

History of Yueryuan Garden

Creating gardens in Dali has been a cultural tradition, with historical gardens like Moyer Garden (默游园), Wu Family Garden (吴家花园), and Yang Family Garden (杨家花园). The Ming Dynasty poet Li Yuanyang (李元阳) wrote a poem about the Wu Family Garden, highlighting the love for flowers in Dali.

Introduction to Yueryuan Garden

To promote the cultural heritage of Dali, the city restored Zhidan Park and renamed it Yueryuan Garden in March 1995. On the opening day, renowned Bai ethnic historian Ma Yao (马耀) composed an inscription detailing the garden’s history.

Yueryuan Garden encapsulates the essence of Bai architecture, featuring elegant structures with upturned eaves, a beautifully crafted three-sided screen wall, and colorful painted walls. The garden showcases Bai-style flowerbeds made of stone, planted with famous flowers from Dali, along with activity areas, tea rooms, pavilions, and ponds, creating a charming atmosphere reminiscent of traditional gardens in Dali. Known for its marble, Dali incorporates stones into its decor with features like Stone Retreat (大石庵), Beautiful Woman Stone (美人石), Stone Cow (石牛), and Stone Horse Well (石马井). The garden emphasizes a natural aesthetic, highlighted by stone walls, pathways, and lamp bases.

The garden comprises seven floral zones with camellias, cherry blossoms, peonies, rhododendrons, plums, roses, and bamboo, adorned with calligraphy and artwork from local scholars.

Visiting Yueryuan Garden

Strolling through the Dali Ancient City, visitors can discover the secret garden of Yueryuan. This peaceful park serves as a sanctuary, quietly vibrant and reminiscent of forgotten poetry.

The lively atmosphere of Dali contrasts with the serene beauty found within Yueryuan Garden. Entering through a small door, visitors are greeted by traditional Bai architecture and picturesque reflections in the pond. The garden features arched gates, stone towers, white walls, and a towering Bai screen wall adorned with vibrant paintings, all evoking a dreamlike quality.

Crossing a stone bridge over the pond reveals rows of wooden buildings and uniquely shaped stones scattered among the flowers, reminiscent of pearls from the ancient city. Here, the cultural essence of Dali is palpable, with history being preserved and celebrated.

Amidst the scenery, ancient trees sway gently in the breeze. Seasonal blooms create a vivid tapestry of color, symbolizing Dali’s diverse culture. A tall banyan tree offers shade, where elders gather to enjoy the tranquility, while its fallen leaves create a golden carpet in autumn.

This garden feels like a living poem, inviting visitors to sit and appreciate the beauty surrounding them. Students often gather here to study, chat, play chess, and enjoy the cheerful atmosphere. Ancient stone tablets emerge from corridors, serving as witnesses to Dali’s history.

At Yueryuan Garden, nature and culture intertwine. Locals dance and play music, showcasing the vibrancy and continuity of Dali’s culture. The park’s layout encourages intergenerational enjoyment, creating a lively scene filled with laughter and song, embodying the essence of Dali.

Conclusion

Yueryuan Garden is a cherished landscape where ancient architecture, serene waters, and vibrant flowers converge to create an enchanting oasis. This hidden gem provides Dali’s residents a retreat from the city’s hustle, offering a tranquil space for introspection.

Every step in the garden resonates with the echoes of history, allowing visitors to forget the chaos of everyday life. Yueryuan Garden is not merely a park; it is a memory steeped in time, a place to relax, listen to ancient tales, and immerse oneself in Dali’s profound heritage.

Travel Information

How to Get There

• Public Transport: You can take local buses from Dali Ancient City to reach the garden. Look for bus stops marked for Yueryuan Garden or nearby attractions.
• Walking: The garden is within walking distance from most areas in Dali Ancient City, making it accessible for those exploring on foot.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Spring and autumn offer the most vibrant blooms and pleasant weather.
• Photography: Bring a camera to capture the stunning architecture and floral displays.
• Local Cuisine: Enjoy nearby local eateries for authentic Bai cuisine after your visit.
• Cultural Etiquette: Respect the garden’s tranquility; maintain a quiet demeanor to enhance your experience.

Overview

The Grand Marshal Residence of the President (总统兵马大元帅府, Zǒngtǒng Bīngmǎ Dàyuánshuài Fǔ) is located on the southern section of Fuxing Road (复兴路, Fùxīng Lù) within Dali City (大理市, Dàlǐ Shì), covering an area of 21,510 square meters. Originally built during the reign of the Kangxi Emperor (康熙, Kāngxī) in the Qing Dynasty (清朝, Qīngcháo), this site served as the Governor’s Office (提督府, Tídú Fǔ).

In 1856, during the sixth year of the Xianfeng Emperor’s reign (咸丰, Xiánfēng), the anti-Qing uprising led by Du Wenxiu (杜文秀, Dù Wénxiù) and predominantly consisting of Hui people (回族, Huízú) captured Dali. On September 17, they established a government, and on September 25, they erected an altar at Nanxiaochang (南校场, Nánxiàochǎng), where Du was elected as the Grand Marshal. The Governor’s Office was transformed into the Grand Marshal Residence, featuring two main courtyards, an entrance gate, an emperor’s platform (天子台, Tiānzǐ Tái), and a red stone terrace (丹墀, Dānchí), along with side halls and flower halls to the north and south.

Architectural Features

The residence was equipped with a council hall (议事厅, Yìshì Tīng), a military affairs office (军机处, Jūnjī Chù, also known as Baihu Hall, 白虎堂, Báihǔ Táng), living quarters, a study, a guards’ room, and storage spaces, making it a large architectural complex. Du Wenxiu also composed couplets displayed in the main hall:

“天生英雄扭转中原世界；
地出豪杰戳破胡儿乾坤。”
(“Heaven gives birth to heroes who can turn the world;
The earth produces heroes who break through the barbarian realms.”)

The residence is surrounded by high walls and battlements, constructed of bricks and stones, modeled after imperial city architecture, and is commonly referred to as the “Forbidden City” (紫禁城, Zǐjìn Chéng).

Historical Context

After the uprising’s failure in 1872 during the eleventh year of the Tongzhi Emperor’s reign (同治, Tóngzhì), most of the Grand Marshal Residence was demolished. It underwent further reconstruction in the tenth year of the Guangxu Emperor’s reign (光绪, Guāngxǔ) but remained a Governor’s Office for Yunnan. During the Republic of China (民国, Mínguó) era, it served as the headquarters for various military regions, including the Tengchong-Dali (腾冲大理, Téngchōng Dàlǐ), Chuxiong-Dali (楚雄大理, Chǔxióng Dàlǐ), and the Western Yunnan Military Region (滇西师管区, Diān xī Shī Guǎnqū).

In 1987, based on historical records, the council hall, Baihu Hall, the Forbidden City Gate (紫禁门, Zǐjìn Mén), the main entrance, study, and southern city wall of the Forbidden City were gradually restored. The architectural layout is meticulous and structured.

Dali Museum

In 1987, the Dali Museum (大理市博物馆, Dàlǐ Shì Bówùguǎn) was established within the residence, covering 1,404 square meters and housing over 2,800 artifacts, including local stone tools, pottery, bronze ware, porcelain, jade, and various stone, jade, and wood carvings as well as calligraphy. In 1990, some of the museum’s exhibits received high praise from the international cultural heritage community during exhibitions in Switzerland and Japan.

Visitor Information

• Chinese Name: 总统兵马大元帅府 (Zǒngtǒng Bīngmǎ Dàyuánshuài Fǔ)
• Address: 126 Fuxing Road, Dali City (大理市复兴路126号, Dàlǐ Shì Fùxīng Lù)
• Area: 21,510 m²

Practical Information

• Estimated Visit Duration: Less than 1 hour
• Opening Hours: 08:00 – 18:00 (January 1 – December 31, Monday – Sunday)
• Ticket Price: Please consult the site for specific details.

Transportation

• Public Transport: Take the San Ta dedicated line to Yita Kou Station (一塔口站, Yī Tǎ Kǒu) and walk to the site.

How to Get There

To visit the Grand Marshal Residence of the President:

• By Car: Navigate through Dali city toward Fuxing Road.
• By Bus: Public buses are available to Yita Kou Station, followed by a short walk.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Spring and autumn for mild weather.
• What to Bring: Comfortable shoes for walking and a camera for capturing the historical architecture.
• Cultural Etiquette: Be respectful when exploring, as the site holds significant historical importance.

The Grand Marshal Residence offers visitors a deep dive into Dali’s rich history and cultural heritage, making it a must-see destination for anyone exploring the region.

Overview

Bianchui Ancient Village (边陲古寨, Biānchuí Gǔzhài) is located 12 kilometers south of Heqing City (鹤庆城, Hèqìng Chéng), 54 kilometers from Lijiang (丽江, Lìjiāng), and 132 kilometers from Dali (大理, Dàlǐ). Covering an area of approximately 50 acres, this unique residential style tourist area stands out along the Dali-Lijiang tourism route.

Unique Features

The village is characterized by its distinctive architecture and unusual scenery. While there are winding paths, they do not lead to secluded areas, and the landscape, though scenic, is not conventionally charming. The village is home to a group of border people who seem almost forgotten by the outside world. Historically, these border people lived along the China-Myanmar border without an identifiable ethnic group, leading a primitive lifestyle where they covered themselves with leaves, ate raw food, and lived in trees.

To address their living conditions, Yunnan’s relevant authorities constructed this mountain village—Bianchui Ancient Village—and invited some young border residents to collaboratively develop a new tourism project aimed at improving their livelihoods.

Important Information

• Chinese Name: 边陲古寨 (Biānchuí Gǔzhài)
• Location: 12 kilometers south of Heqing City (鹤庆城, Hèqìng Chéng)
• Area: Approximately 50 acres
• Type: Residential style tourist area
• Opening Hours: Daily from 08:00 to 20:00

Cultural Insights

The border people do not understand the local language and have no written characters. To show friendliness, visitors should say “亚哈亚哈” (Yàhā Yàhā), and to ask for photos, say “咔嚓咔嚓” (Kāchā Kāchā). The village features several rows of thatched houses resembling shacks found in melon fields. While the layout may not be intricate, it is orderly and clean.

Hanging from the roofs are the skulls of unknown animals, and in front of the houses are tools for hunting and defense against wild beasts. Bird nets made of twine are scattered on the ground and trees, indicating their use in trapping birds.

Daily Life of the Border People

Today, the border residents wear clothing—men typically wear black pants, while women dress in bikini-like attire, occasionally donning long shirts. They have dark skin and robust bodies, and both men and women go barefoot.

Attractions Within the Village

The scenic area is divided into five sections:

1. Face Painting and Body Art Area (画脸闻身区, Huàliǎn Wénshēn Qū): Demonstrates a security check for visitors.
2. Hunting Area (捕猎区, Bǔliè Qū): Showcases skills for capturing prey in harsh environments; actual hunting is rare.
3. Welcoming Area (迎宾区, Yíngbīn Qū): Border people welcome visitors with songs and dances.
4. Extraordinary Skills Area (奇功异能区, Qígōng Yìnén Qū): Displays bizarre skills like licking metal plates, eating charcoal, walking barefoot on glass, catching small pigs, eating leaves, chewing tree bark, and drinking raw blood.
5. Marriage Customs Area (婚俗区, Hūnsú Qū): Illustrates unique marriage customs of the border people, though this section lacks live performances.

Visitor Experience

The peculiar ways of life of these extraordinary border residents will provide visitors with unexpected insights. During the tour, residents might appear suddenly, shout unexpectedly, or leap from trees, all designed to surprise and astonish visitors.

Practical Information

• Ticket Price: CNY 100.00
• Transportation:
  • Self-Driving: Access via the Xijing Line 4 – G214 highway.

How to Get There

To reach Bianchui Ancient Village:

• By Car: Drive from Dali City (大理市, Dàlǐ Shì) along G214, following signs to Heqing County.
• By Public Transport: Take a bus from Dali to Heqing and then a local taxi or minibus to the village.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Spring (March to May) and autumn (September to November) offer mild weather and beautiful scenery.
• What to Bring: Bring small change, cigarettes, candies, or snacks to share with locals, which can enhance your experience.
• Cultural Respect: Engage respectfully with the border people, and take care when taking photos.

Bianchui Ancient Village offers a fascinating glimpse into a unique culture, making it an unforgettable destination for adventurous travelers seeking to explore the lesser-known aspects of Yunnan.