Overview of Binjiang Park (滨江公园)

Binjiang Park (滨江公园) is situated on the southern bank of the Lancang River (澜沧江) in Jinghong City (景洪市), Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture (西双版纳傣族自治州). The park is infused with rich ethnic culture, presenting a stunning tapestry of beautiful landscapes that feel almost magical. It offers a tranquil escape amidst the city’s hustle and bustle, combining comfort and serenity with winding paths that lead to secluded corners.

A Recreational Retreat

Binjiang Park is an ideal place for both locals and tourists to relax, enjoy leisure activities, and take leisurely walks. About 20 meters in front of the main entrance, visitors can find a brass plaque featuring a map of Xishuangbanna (西双版纳), which adds a fresh touch to the park’s ambiance.

The park is particularly vibrant during the evening when the nearby Binjiang Night Market (滨江夜市) comes alive. Here, visitors can indulge in a variety of local barbecues, unique souvenirs, Dai clothing, and jade items. The abundance of sights and sounds can be quite dazzling. Nearby, there is a café where many people like to rest and enjoy a drink, and a stage at the front provides entertainment for visitors. When there are no performances, resident singers keep the atmosphere lively. Overall, the ambiance here is quite enjoyable.

Park Facilities and Atmosphere

Located next to the Xishuangbanna Bridge (西双版纳大桥), Binjiang Park is not very large and lacks substantial entertainment facilities, which often results in fewer visitors. It is primarily frequented by local residents seeking a place to stroll and relax.

The park is characterized by sculptures, pavilions, fountains, and related leisure facilities, though most of these have fallen into disrepair, leaving the park somewhat quiet. Despite this, the local community greatly appreciates the park for walking and relaxation.

The area referred to as Binjiang Park extends beyond the park itself, encompassing the banks of the Lancang River, the Xishuangbanna Bridge, and the riverside night market. These surrounding areas are the true highlights that attract visitors.

Evening Activities and Local Culture

Around 5 or 6 PM, crowds begin to gather along the banks of the Lancang River. Some come to fish, while others stroll, but many locals simply enjoy soaking their feet in the river to cool off from the intense summer heat. Some brave souls even venture into the water for a swim.

As the sun sets, the nearby riverside night market becomes lively. Compared to the Starlight Night Market (星光夜市) at Gaozhuang Xishuangjing (告庄西双景), this market primarily caters to local residents with affordable prices. For those who enjoy nightlife, the nearby bar street offers plenty of options, with Dai Di (傣迪) being highly recommended for its vibrant atmosphere and exceptional live music.

Location and Ticket Information

• Estimated Visit Duration: 1-3 hours
• Admission Fee: Free admission
• Opening Hours: Open all day (January 1st – December 31st, Monday to Sunday)
• Address: No. 7 Menghai Road (勐海路7号), Jinghong City (景洪市), Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture (西双版纳傣族自治州)

Nearby Attractions

1. Water-Splashing Square (泼水广场): A popular location for cultural events and celebrations.
2. Dragon Boat Square (龙舟广场): A venue for local festivities and activities.

How to Get There

By Public Transport:
Take Bus No. 2 (内环 or 外环) and get off at the State Hospital (州医院) stop, then walk to the park.

Travel Tips

1. Best Time to Visit: The park is especially enjoyable in the early morning or late afternoon when the weather is cooler.
2. Local Etiquette: Respect the local culture and environment, particularly during performances and gatherings.
3. Stay Hydrated: Due to the warm climate of Xishuangbanna, it’s essential to drink plenty of water, especially if you plan to explore the park and surrounding areas.
4. Enjoy Local Cuisine: Don’t miss the opportunity to sample local snacks and drinks available at the night market.
5. Evening Activities: Plan to visit during the evening to experience the vibrant atmosphere of the riverside night market and live performances.

Overview of Manyangguang Village (曼养广村)

Manyangguang Village (曼养广村) is located in Jinghong City (景洪市), within the Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture (西双版纳傣族自治州), Yunnan Province, China. It is managed by the Man Nong Feng Village Committee (曼弄枫村委会) under the Xishuangbanna Tourism District Authority. This village is situated in the lowland area, known for its rich Dai ethnic culture and well-preserved traditional Dai architecture. The homes in this village are typical “ganlan-style” bamboo houses (干栏式竹楼), each with its own courtyard, surrounded by bamboo fences. Visitors to Manyangguang can immerse themselves in the traditional lifestyle and customs of the Dai people, and after touring the village, they can purchase local handicrafts such as Dai brocade (傣锦), bamboo weaving products, and wood carvings.

A Glimpse into Traditional Dai Life

By the end of 2008, Manyangguang Village consisted of 68 households, with a total population of 295 residents. Among them, there were 144 men and 151 women, 292 of whom were engaged in agriculture, with 201 people forming the village’s labor force. The Dai people make up the majority of the population, with 291 Dai residents and 4 Han residents.

The village is a typical Dai ethnic settlement, where the houses are built in the traditional “ganlan-style,” raised on stilts with bamboo walls and roofs. Each household is surrounded by bamboo fences, creating a distinct and intimate courtyard environment. The village is small, making it easy to explore and enjoy within a short visit.

Ethnic Handicrafts and Local Customs

In addition to experiencing the traditional Dai lifestyle, visitors can purchase unique ethnic crafts such as Dai brocade (傣锦), wooden carvings, bamboo weavings, and pottery. Dai girls, known as sao duo le (搔多勒), will guide visitors into their homes and explain the customs, traditions, and daily life of the Dai people. For example, in Dai culture, young women are called sao duo le (搔多勒), and young men are called mao duo le (猫多勒).

One of the most fascinating aspects of visiting this village is observing how the Dai people live. Upon entering the village, you are welcomed by a beautiful Dai girl who introduces the local customs. The Dai people are very particular about privacy, and taking photos inside their homes is generally not allowed. Inside the houses, their living rooms are spacious, and you might notice that Dai women have very slim waists, comparable to willow branches. Interestingly, the elderly Dai women are known for their lustrous black hair, which they maintain by washing it with rice water.

Location and Ticket Information

• Address: Menglong Town (勐龙镇), Jinghong City (景洪市), Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture (西双版纳傣族自治州), Yunnan Province.
• Type: Ethnic Village (民俗村).
• Recommended Time: 1-2 hours.
• Admission Fee: Free.
• Operating Hours: Open all day (from January 1st to December 31st, Monday to Sunday).

Attractions in Manyangguang Village (曼养广村)

1. Traditional Dai Houses (干栏式竹楼): These elevated bamboo houses are a distinctive feature of Dai architecture.
2. Ethnic Handicraft Shops: Visitors can buy traditional items like Dai brocade (傣锦), bamboo weaving, pottery, and wooden carvings.
3. Cultural Tours with Local Dai Guides: Dai girls (搔多勒) will lead visitors through the village, introducing them to local customs and traditions.

How to Get There

By Car:
From downtown Jinghong City, you can drive along Galan Zhong Road (嘎兰中), continue on Xuanwei Avenue (宣慰大道), turn onto Menghai Road (勐海路), and finally head down Mengle Avenue (勐泐大道) to reach Manyangguang Village.

Travel Tips

1. Cultural Respect: While visiting the Dai village, be mindful of local customs. The Dai people typically do not allow photos to be taken inside their homes, so it’s best to ask for permission before photographing.
2. Dress Modestly: The Dai culture places a strong emphasis on modesty. Visitors, particularly women, are advised to dress modestly when visiting the village.
3. Shopping for Handicrafts: If you’re interested in purchasing authentic ethnic crafts such as Dai brocade or bamboo weavings, Manyangguang Village offers plenty of options directly from the villagers.
4. Weather: Xishuangbanna is known for its tropical climate, so lightweight, breathable clothing is recommended. Carrying sunscreen and a hat is advisable, as the region can be hot and sunny throughout the day.
5. Guided Tours: Take advantage of the local guides, as they provide valuable insight into the history, customs, and everyday life of the Dai people.

Plan your Xishuangbanna Ethnic Villages Tour to Xishuangbanna? Visit Mandiu Village in Jinghong City, Xishuangbanna which is one of the most fascinating ethnic villages in Xishuangbanna. Explore the local folk ethnic culture including History, Food and Dining, Clothing, Customs and Traditions, Architecture, Festivals, Crafts, Religion, Language of local ethnic people in Mandiu Village in Jinghong City, Xishuangbanna.

Chinese Name:景洪市嘎洒镇曼掌宰村曼丢村寨
English Name: Mandiu Village in Jinghong City, XishuangBanna

Location:

Overview

The Xishuangbanna Nationalities Museum (西双版纳民族博物馆) is located in the tourism resort area of Man Nong Feng (曼弄枫) on Rainforest Avenue (雨林大道) in Jinghong City (景洪市), Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture (西双版纳傣族自治州), Yunnan Province (云南省). Covering an area of 100,000 square meters, with a construction area of over 20,000 square meters, the museum features an exhibition area of 4,300 square meters and serves as a comprehensive local museum.

The museum officially opened on November 11, 2010, showcasing a vast collection of artifacts predominantly consisting of stone tools, bronze ware, pottery, porcelain, silverware, bamboo and wooden utensils, currency, folk artifacts, and memorabilia from the “Sent-Down Youth” movement. According to the Chinese Museum Guide, the museum houses a total of 2,400 items divided into categories of ancient, folk, and “Sent-Down Youth” artifacts.

Basic Information

• Chinese Name: 西双版纳民族博物馆 (Xishuangbanna Nationalities Museum)
• Location: 云南省西双版纳傣族自治州景洪市旅游渡假区曼弄枫片区雨林大道 (Rainforest Avenue, Man Nong Feng Area, Jinghong City, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province)
• Area: 100,000 m²
• Category: Local Comprehensive Museum
• Opening Hours: Daily from 9:00 AM to 5:00 PM; closed on Mondays; open on Saturdays and Sundays
• Admission Fee: Free
• Total Collection: 2,400 items
• Highlighted Artifacts: Tang Dynasty (唐) cicada-patterned silver bowl, Neolithic (新石器时代) shoulder stone axe, Ming Dynasty (明) ivory chief’s seal, and Qing Dynasty (清) wooden chief’s seal.

History

• Construction Timeline:
  • November 10, 2008: The construction of the Xishuangbanna Nationalities Museum began.
  • November 11, 2010: The museum was officially opened.

Architectural Layout

The museum occupies 100,000 square meters, with over 20,000 square meters of building space and 4,300 square meters of exhibition area.

Exhibition Halls

The Xishuangbanna Nationalities Museum consists of a main hall, five permanent exhibition halls, and two temporary exhibition halls. The five permanent exhibitions include:

1. History Section (历史篇): This section showcases the historical evolution of Xishuangbanna through archaeological discoveries, Han and Dai literature, and records since the liberation of Xishuangbanna on February 17, 1950, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China.
2. Ethnic Section (民族篇): This part highlights the cultural intermingling of 13 indigenous ethnic groups, including the Dai (傣), Hani (哈尼), Blang (布朗), Jino (基诺), and Lahu (拉祜).
3. Nature Section (自然篇): This section displays the geography, natural features, and ancient and modern biological characteristics of Xishuangbanna.
4. Cultural Harmony Section (文化兴边): Here, the cultural texts and artistic heritage of various ethnic groups are exhibited, showcasing the cultural achievements of these groups and their contributions to societal development.
5. Friendship and Cooperation Section (睦邻友好): This section reflects the long-standing exchanges between Xishuangbanna and countries in the Mekong River basin, promoting comprehensive cooperation in trade, technology, and tourism.

The History and Contemporary sections display Xishuangbanna’s historical culture through physical artifacts from different periods. The Ethnic section showcases diverse ethnic artifacts, including tools, clothing, and musical instruments. The Nature section uses three-dimensional models, photographs, and specimens to demonstrate Xishuangbanna’s unique natural environment, renowned as a “Kingdom of Animals,” “Kingdom of Plants,” and “Gene Pool of Species.”

Collections

The Xishuangbanna Nationalities Museum’s collection comes from various sources, including artifacts transferred from the Xishuangbanna Political Consultative Conference, existing collections from the Xishuangbanna Cultural Relics Management Office, archaeological finds, and folk donations. The museum primarily houses stone tools, bronze ware, pottery, porcelain, silverware, bamboo and wooden utensils, currency, folk artifacts, and “Sent-Down Youth” memorabilia. The total number of artifacts is 2,400, categorized into ancient, folk, and “Sent-Down Youth” collections.

Notable Collections

• Tang Dynasty (唐) cicada-patterned silver bowl
• Neolithic (新石器时代) shoulder stone axe
• Ming Dynasty (明) ivory chief’s seal
• Qing Dynasty (清) wooden chief’s seal

Collection Protection

To ensure systematic, scientific, and standardized management of collections, the museum has installed preservation equipment in its storage facilities, incorporating security and fire prevention measures, as well as controlled ventilation, temperature, and humidity. Surveillance cameras and alarm systems are installed in exhibition areas to protect artifacts.

Cultural Activities

The museum organizes various educational activities and community engagement programs. Through official announcements from the Xishuangbanna Party Committee and the People’s Government, the museum invites local officials, military personnel, students, and community members to visit. These initiatives promote patriotism and awareness of Xishuangbanna’s rich historical and cultural heritage.

The museum actively celebrates events such as International Museum Day (5.18) and Cultural Heritage Day, engaging in legal awareness campaigns about cultural relics protection. Museum staff distribute informational materials and conduct live explanations of relic knowledge, utilizing media such as radio and newspapers to raise public awareness of cultural relic protection.

Value and Significance

The Xishuangbanna Nationalities Museum serves as a comprehensive institution reflecting the unique characteristics of the Dai ethnic group and aiming to promote the cultures of various ethnicities in Southeast Asia. It holds responsibilities in cultural relic management, scientific research, and educational outreach. The museum oversees several key cultural heritage sites, including the Manfeilong Pagoda (曼飞龙白塔), Jingzhen Octagonal Pavilion (景真八角亭), and the Manduan Temple (曼短佛寺).

Organizational Structure

• Former Directors: Yu Shaojian (余少剑) (2010—present).
• Nature: Public institution.
• Funding Source: Fully funded by government finance.
• Departments: The museum comprises an administrative office, public education department, exhibition department, research department, relic protection department, storage department, and security department.
• Staffing: The museum has a staff of 22 people.
• Visitor Statistics: The museum receives an average of over 300,000 visitors annually.

Visiting Information

Location

The Xishuangbanna Nationalities Museum is located at Rainforest Avenue in the Man Nong Feng area of Jinghong City, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province.

Opening Hours

• Daily: 9:00 AM to 5:00 PM
• Closed: Mondays

Admission

• Free Entrance: Visitors are not required to pay an entrance fee.

How to Get There

To reach the Xishuangbanna Nationalities Museum, visitors can use public transportation such as buses or taxis from Jinghong City center. For those driving, there are designated parking areas nearby.

Travel Tips

• Plan Your Visit: Aim to visit during weekdays to avoid crowds, especially on weekends.
• Explore Nearby Attractions: Consider visiting other cultural sites and parks in Jinghong to enhance your experience.
• Take Guided Tours: If possible, join a guided tour to gain deeper insights into the exhibits and the history of Xishuangbanna.
• Bring Water and Snacks: Ensure you have refreshments, as you might want to spend a good amount of time exploring the museum.

Manchunman Temple (曼春满佛寺), also known as Menghan Chunman Temple (勐罕春满大佛寺), is located on the west side of Manchunman Village in Menghan Town (勐罕镇), Jinghong City (景洪市), Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture (西双版纳傣族自治州), Yunnan Province (云南省). The existing structures were built during the Qing Dynasty (清朝).

Overview

Manchunman Temple covers an area of approximately 38,678 square meters and consists of various buildings, including the main hall, precepts hall, pagoda, scripture library, drum tower, and monk quarters. The main hall, named Weihan (维罕), features a scripture room Hongtan (哄坦), monk quarters Hongnuan (哄暖), and a golden pagoda. There are corridors connecting the main hall, scripture room, and monk quarters. The structure of the main hall is divided into two parts: the central hall and the side wing. There are over 30 columns between the side walls, and beams connect these columns, creating four sloping side wings that form an extended eave. Numerous religious artifacts and ancient bamboo weapons are displayed on both sides. The hall is adorned with many long banners and scrolls depicting Buddhist stories. The beams, columns, and other wooden elements are decorated with patterns resembling gold leaf designs.

On March 5, 2013, the Manchunman Temple was announced as a key cultural heritage site by the State Council of the People’s Republic of China.

• Chinese Name: 曼春满佛寺
• Location: 西双版纳傣族自治州景洪市勐罕镇（橄榄坝）曼春满村西侧
• Era: 清
• Area: 38,678 m²
• Protection Level: 第七批全国重点文物保护单位
• Registration Number: 7-1392-3-690
• Approval Unit: 中华人民共和国国务院

Historical Development

According to legend, Manchunman Temple was the first Buddhist temple built in Xishuangbanna after Buddhism was introduced to the region. It was established in the Buddhist year 1126 (583 AD) by Dikaban (底卡班), a disciple of Shakyamuni (释迦牟尼). This means it has a history of over 1,400 years.

Another account states that the temple was established in the sixth year of the Qing Emperor Qianlong (1741 AD). Before founding the temple, Dikaban entered Jinghong from Myanmar, spreading teachings in Menghan. At that time, there were no other temples in the Xishuangbanna region, so he founded Manchunman Temple through alms-giving.

The temple was destroyed in the 1960s, and the existing buildings were rebuilt during the Qing Dynasty.

Architectural Layout

Manchunman Temple encompasses an area of approximately 38,678 square meters and consists of several main structures. The main hall Weihan (维罕), scripture room Hongtan (哄坦), monk quarters Hongnuan (哄暖), and a golden pagoda are all present. The main hall, scripture room, and monk quarters are interconnected by corridors. The main hall is composed of two parts: the central hall and side wings. The walls feature over 30 columns, and beams connect the columns to create four sloping wings that serve as extended eaves. The hall is adorned with various religious artifacts and ancient bamboo weapons, and it features long banners and scrolls illustrating Buddhist tales. The beams, columns, and wooden frameworks are decorated with intricate gold patterns.

Major Buildings

Main Entrance

The temple features two unique gates. The main entrance is a three-tiered gatehouse topped with sculptures of auspicious birds. On either side of the gate stand sculptures of guardians holding wooden staffs. The gate’s facade is inscribed with the temple’s name in both Dai and Chinese characters.

The second gate resembles a pagoda, which is distinctive among various Buddhist sects. The gatehouse is adorned with a peacock spreading its feathers, and two stone sculptures of guardian beasts, known in Dai as Laga (拉嘎), guard the entrance.

Main Hall

The main hall is located directly in front of the main entrance and is spacious and magnificent. It serves as the central building of the complex, covering an area of 490 square meters, with a length of 23.5 meters and a width of 21 meters, forming a rectangular shape. The hall is supported by 44 red columns decorated with gold patterns, with long banners hanging around it. In the center stands a golden statue of Shakyamuni Buddha (释迦牟尼佛祖), which is over 4 meters tall, flanked by five smaller Buddhas. The hall also features a platform for monks to sit and chant scriptures.

Scripture Library

Located in the northeast corner of the main hall, the scripture library houses various Buddhist texts and other ancient Dai cultural works. These texts are not written on ordinary paper but rather on palm leaves, hence referred to as “palm leaf scriptures.”

Manchunman Golden Pagoda

The Manchunman Golden Pagoda is situated on the northwest side of the temple. It consists of a main tower and four smaller towers, all erected on a square base, dating from the same period as the temple’s construction. The main tower reaches a height of approximately 12 meters and features a base resembling a “Y” shape, topped with a bell-shaped structure. The finial comprises a circular lotus pedestal, a spire, an umbrella, and silver bells. Small altars are placed beneath the smaller towers, and stone sculptures of the guardian beast Laga (拉嘎) stand at the four corners of the base.

Drum Tower

The drum tower is located to the right of the main hall and features a unique design, with a small tower built atop its four roofs. A large drum is placed on top. In front of the drum tower, three white elephant sculptures are depicted lifting a golden Four-faced Buddha (四面佛).

Historical and Cultural Significance

Four-faced Buddha

The Four-faced Buddha is a unique representation in Theravada Buddhism, known as the “Wish-fulfilling Buddha.” It governs all affairs on Earth. The four faces of the Buddha represent love, career, health, and wealth. It is said that the Four-faced Buddha possesses extraordinary spiritual efficacy and is one of the most revered icons in Southeast Asia and Xishuangbanna. Theravada Buddhism and Mahayana Buddhism differ in their practices regarding the placement of Buddha images: the former often displays them outdoors in temples for worship, while the latter keeps them inside halls for reverence.

Cultural Preservation

On November 13, 1998, the Manchunman Temple was designated as a provincial-level key cultural heritage site by the Yunnan Provincial Government. On March 5, 2013, it was recognized as a national key cultural heritage site by the State Council of the People’s Republic of China.

Travel Information

Location

Manchunman Temple is located on the west side of Manchunman Village in Menghan Town, Jinghong City, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province.

Address

Manchunman Temple, Dai Garden Road 1, Menghan Town South, Jinghong City, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province.

How to Get There

Manchunman Temple is approximately 29 kilometers from the Jinghong Municipal Government. It takes about 40 minutes by car to reach the temple.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: The best time to visit the temple is during the dry season (November to April) when the weather is pleasant.
• Cultural Respect: Dress modestly and respect local customs when visiting religious sites.
• Local Cuisine: Explore local Dai cuisine in nearby areas for a more immersive experience.
• Photography: Capture the beauty of the temple and its surroundings, but be mindful of any photography restrictions inside the temple.

Introduction

The Jinglong Black Pagoda (勐龙黑塔) is a significant cultural landmark located in Jinghong City (景洪市), Xishuangbanna (西双版纳). It serves as an important spiritual site for the Dai people (傣族) and is believed to bring joy and prosperity to the local community. The pagoda is steeped in legend, connected to Shakyamuni (释迦牟尼) Buddha, whose left foot is said to bless the nearby Manfeilong White Pagoda (曼飞龙白塔) with happiness, while the right foot blesses the Jinglong Black Pagoda with wealth. Clear spring water in the area is thought to have borrowed the Buddha’s staff, providing continuous blessings to the Dai people.

Historical Background

Construction and Restoration

The Jinglong Black Pagoda was originally constructed in 784 AD and underwent significant reconstruction in the second year of the Southern Song Dynasty (南宋嘉泰二年, 1202 AD). There are two prevailing theories about its origin: one claims it started in 1202 AD, while another suggests it was built even earlier than the Manfeilong White Pagoda, which dates to before 1204 AD.

The term “龙” in Dai language translates to “large,” and “篮” means “grandchild.” Thus, it is also referred to as the “Grandfather-Grandson Pagoda” (爷孙大塔), honoring the two ancestors who contributed the most to its construction. Originally adorned with colorful glass, the entire structure was primarily black, leading to its nickname “Black Pagoda.”

Architectural Features

Design and Structure

The Jinglong Black Pagoda features a square base measuring 17.9 meters on each side and stands at over 18 meters in height. The pagoda is hexagonal in shape and resembles a gourd, made from grey bricks and featuring a solid inner structure. Over time, it has been whitewashed multiple times, resulting in its current silver-white appearance.

Each tier of the main pagoda has copper bells hanging from its corners. Additionally, four decorative pillars are located at the corners, standing over two meters tall, designed for devotees to place offerings such as food, flowers, and incense.

Iconography

The architecture is rich in symbolism, with eight colorful dragon sculptures encircling the pagoda’s base, enhancing its grandeur and sacredness. The base is adorned with four lotus flowers, under which are sculptures of various creatures: a golden turtle, a crab, a python, and a peacock, each symbolizing different virtues in local culture.

Cultural Significance

The Black Pagoda has withstood the test of time for over 800 years. It has been a site of worship and cultural significance for the Dai community. In 1978, repairs included widening access roads and constructing a small pavilion to enhance visitor experience. A nearby temple houses a bronze statue of Buddha, gifted by friends from Thailand, and a 160 cm-long footprint, believed to have been left by the deity Pajao Gotama during his journeys to bless the people.

In 2002, the Jinglong Black Pagoda was designated as a second-class municipal cultural heritage site, highlighting its importance in local history and culture.

Location

The Jinglong Black Pagoda is situated in Menglong Town (勐龙), about 60 kilometers from the southern edge of Jinghong City. This area is notable for its vast flatlands and dense population, making it one of the largest townships within Xishuangbanna.

Nearby Attractions

• Manfeilong White Pagoda (曼飞龙白塔): Located 3 kilometers north of the Black Pagoda, it also holds cultural significance and is linked to local legends about the Buddha.
• Menglong Temple (勐龙佛寺): A nearby temple where visitors can experience local religious practices and culture.

How to Get There

To reach the Jinglong Black Pagoda, visitors can choose from several transport options:

1. By Bus: Regular buses operate from Jinghong City to Menglong Town. The journey typically takes about 1-2 hours. Check schedules at Jinghong’s main bus station.
2. By Car: Renting a car or hiring a taxi is a convenient option for those who prefer flexibility. The scenic drive along the countryside offers beautiful views.
3. Guided Tours: Some local travel agencies offer guided tours that include transportation to various attractions, including the Black Pagoda.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Plan your visit during local festivals, especially the Dai New Year or the Pagoda Festival (赕塔节), to witness vibrant cultural activities.
• Cultural Respect: Dress modestly and follow local customs when entering religious sites. Remove shoes before entering the pagoda and temple areas.
• Photography Etiquette: While capturing the unique architecture is encouraged, be respectful of the spiritual significance and avoid using flash photography inside temples.
• Local Cuisine: Don’t miss the opportunity to try local Dai dishes available in nearby eateries. Be sure to sample traditional foods, such as bamboo rice and spicy salads.
• Water Supply: Bring water with you, especially during warmer months, as it can get quite hot in the region.

Overview

The Mengyang Wild Butterfly Breeding Base (勐养野生蝴蝶饲养场) is located approximately 30 kilometers from Jinghong City (景洪市) along the Kunluo Highway (昆洛公路) toward Kunming (昆明). This area was originally known for observing wild elephants.

Establishment

• Established: 1989
• Supporting Organization: World Wildlife Fund (世界野生生物基金会)
• Nature: Government-led

In 1989, the World Wildlife Fund collaborated with the Xishuangbanna (西双版纳) Protected Area Management Bureau to establish the first wild butterfly breeding base on the Chinese mainland. This base is a beautifully designed butterfly viewing area that cleverly combines artificial and natural environments. From mid-March to mid-October each year, visitors can enjoy a large number of butterflies.

Butterfly Viewing Experience

In the circular netting butterfly garden, visitors can see a variety of tropical and subtropical butterfly species fluttering about, resting by the water, feeding on nectar, mating, laying eggs, or emerging from their chrysalises. Guests are free to observe and photograph the butterflies in their natural behavior.

The garden has also introduced various parasitic plants, such as Aristolochia (马兜铃), from the mountains, which serve as hosts for butterfly larvae. Additionally, numerous nectar-producing flowers have been planted along the butterfly viewing paths to attract butterflies. Currently, this site is the most ideal and conveniently accessible butterfly viewing area in Xishuangbanna.

There is also a butterfly specimen exhibition room on-site. Besides displaying specimens, it sells real butterfly encapsulations with guide maps as souvenirs.

Visiting Information

Location: Mengyang Wild Butterfly Breeding Base, Jinghong City, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province (云南省西双版纳傣族自治州景洪市勐养野生蝴蝶饲养场)

How to Get There

To reach the Mengyang Wild Butterfly Breeding Base, take a bus or taxi from Jinghong City (景洪市) along the Kunluo Highway (昆洛公路) toward Kunming (昆明). The journey takes about 30 minutes. The entrance to the butterfly base is well-marked, making it easy for visitors to find.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Plan your visit from mid-March to mid-October to see the most butterflies.
• Photography: Bring your camera to capture the beautiful butterflies and the scenic surroundings.
• Guided Tours: Consider joining a guided tour to learn more about butterfly species and their habitats.
• Souvenirs: Don’t forget to check out the butterfly specimens and souvenirs available for purchase as mementos of your visit.
• Prepare for Weather: Bring sunscreen and stay hydrated, especially during the warmer months when visiting the outdoor butterfly garden.

Overview of the Monument

Lancang River Battle Monument(渡澜沧江作战纪念碑) is situated at the Lancang River (澜沧江) ferry terminal in Menghan Town (勐罕镇), Jinghong City (景洪市). The monument stands 5 meters tall, topped with a vibrant five-pointed star that shines brightly under the sun. The body of the monument is inscribed with summaries of the crossing operations in both Chinese and Dai scripts.

On February 10, 1950, the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) 13th Army’s 37th Division Vice Division Commander Wu Xiaomin (吴效闵) and the 38th Division’s 114th Regiment Political Commissar Zhao Peixian (赵培宪) led over 600 soldiers in an operation alongside more than 300 troops from the 9th Brigade, directed by the Political Department Director Tang Dengmin (唐登岷), to advance southward and eliminate enemy forces in Menghan. Supported by local ethnic militia leader Zhao Cunxin (召存信) and local civilians, the operation commenced on the evening of February 14 and successfully crossed the river by dawn on February 15, defeating the defending forces on the southern bank. This critical battle laid the foundation for liberating the entirety of Xishuangbanna (西双版纳).

During the crossing, the enemy was on high alert and had set up machine guns to block the river. Unfortunately, a deputy squad leader and a soldier tragically drowned in the process. The operation at Menghan was a significant battle in liberating Xishuangbanna and marked the first shot fired by the advancing PLA in the region.

Historical Significance

To commemorate this historic event, the Xishuangbanna Prefectural Committee and the People’s Government established the monument at the Menghan ferry terminal in September 2003. In February 2010, it was designated as one of the first provincial-level patriotic education bases by the Xishuangbanna Prefectural Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and the People’s Government. In September 2019, it was recognized as one of the first party history and party character education bases.

The monument serves to honor the fallen soldiers from the PLA stationed in Menghan and the local ethnic militia who joined forces to defeat the enemy on the southern bank during the river crossing battle. While the monument may not be considered a traditional tourist attraction, its historical significance related to the Lancang River and the events surrounding it is profound. The monument silently records the stories of the Lancang River and watches over the construction of a new bridge and the impending disappearance of the last ferry terminal in Yunnan, Xishuangbanna.

Visiting Information

Duration: 1-3 hours
Ticket Price: Please consult the scenic area for specific details.
Opening Hours: Open all day (January 1 – December 31, Monday – Sunday)
Location: Lancang River ferry terminal, Menghan Town, Jinghong City, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province (云南省西双版纳傣族自治州景洪市勐罕镇澜沧江渡口)

How to Get There

To reach the Lancang River Battle Monument, you can take public transportation or a taxi from Jinghong City (景洪市). The ferry terminal is approximately a 20-minute drive from the city center. Alternatively, if you are driving, follow the signs to Menghan Town (勐罕镇), and you will find the monument at the ferry crossing.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: The ideal time to visit is in the early morning or late afternoon when the weather is pleasant.
• Respect the Site: As it is a monument commemorating a significant historical event, visitors are encouraged to show respect and keep noise to a minimum.
• Photography: The monument and surrounding area provide excellent opportunities for photography, especially with the beautiful backdrop of the river.
• Local Cuisine: Consider trying local Dai cuisine at nearby restaurants after your visit to the monument.

Introduction

The Site of Dai Palace (傣王宫遗址) is located within Manting Park (曼听公园) in Jinghong City (景洪市), Xishuangbanna (西双版纳). A portion of this site has been converted into a museum. Unfortunately, my visit was too late for a tour, but the museum mainly chronicles the history and origins of Manting. For those interested in learning more, the site is open from 10 AM to 5 PM. Surrounding the area are a lotus pond (荷花池) and a statue of Premier Zhou Enlai (周总理纪念人像).

The Dai Palace resembles a cultural innovation park for the Dai people (傣族), showcasing a variety of Dai cultural presentations. It is undoubtedly an excellent place to experience Dai clothing, which fits harmoniously into the environment. The site displays Dai architecture, murals, and textiles, vividly depicting the daily lives and activities of the Dai people. The diverse cultural decorations of the Dai people provide wonderful photo opportunities. Additionally, there are Dai restaurants in the park where visitors can relax and savor Dai cuisine after a long walk.

Historical Background

Located four kilometers from Jinghong City (允景洪城), the ancient name was Yun Pakan (允帕钪). This site was once the residence of the highest rulers of Xishuangbanna, known as the Chao Pien Ling (召片领), meaning “the lord of a territory” or “the king of a local dynasty.” Yun Pakan, also known as Xuanwei Street (宣慰街), was the capital of the prosperous Jinglong Golden Hall Kingdom (景陇金殿国), also referred to as the Mengle Kingdom (勐泐国).

According to historical records, during the Song Dynasty (宋朝), the area of Xishuangbanna was governed by the Dali Kingdom (大理国). At that time, many tribes referred to as “Bang” in the Dai language existed in the region, with tribal leaders constantly fighting for territory. To restore peace, the Dali Kingdom issued a call for capable and brave warriors to quell the tribal conflicts, promising to grant them titles as local kings.

A skilled and intelligent leader from the Mengjingzhen tribe (今勐海县勐遮乡景真), named Payazhen (帕雅真, meaning “the leader with outstanding martial arts”), volunteered to answer the call. By employing methods of appeasement, military conquest, and annexation, he successfully quelled the tribal conflicts and formed an alliance among the tribes. After unifying them, he was appointed as a general by Emperor Xiaozong of the Song Dynasty. Subsequently, he was authorized to establish the Jinglong Golden Hall Kingdom, receiving ceremonial weapons and attire from the emperor, and was recognized as the supreme ruler, known as the Golden Crown King (金帽大王).

It is said that after his appointment, Payazhen first established the capital in Jinglan (今景洪市景洪镇曼景兰) due to its central location and flat terrain. However, this site was difficult to defend against foreign attacks, prompting him to relocate the capital to Yun Pakan, surrounded by water on three sides and backed by green mountains—a strategically advantageous site, making Yun Pakan the center of feudal rule in Xishuangbanna.

A street approximately two kilometers long and 30 meters wide was constructed in the area known as Xuanwei Street (宣慰街), named after the Mengle king who was appointed as the Xuanwei Envoy. Nearby, eight villages—Mangangjing (曼岗景), Manlongdong (曼龙东), Mankongzhang (曼空章), Manpasa (曼帕萨), Manle (曼勒), Manwa (曼瓦), Mangga (曼嘎), and Kongke (空柯)—were established. Five Buddhist temples, including Walong (瓦龙), Wazhuangdong (瓦庄董), Wazhangpei (瓦章配), Wazai (瓦宰), and Wamanle (瓦曼勒), along with several stupas, were also built. The riverside was adorned with lawns for recreational activities and horse racing, where local chieftains often gathered. Xuanwei Street experienced a prosperous period.

However, after the Lancang River (澜沧江) flooded, the markets, lawns, roads, and villages were destroyed, leading Xuanwei Street into decline. During the chaotic decade of the Cultural Revolution (十年动乱), the Dai Palace was severely damaged, resulting in the loss of centuries-old cultural relics.

Today’s Mengle Garden (勐泐园)

Mengle Garden (勐泐文化园) is located in the eastern suburbs of Jinghong City, at the confluence of the Lancang River and Liusha River (流沙河), alongside the Jinghong to Ganlanba Highway, just 4 kilometers from the city center. The scenic area encompasses the Dai Palace site, Mengle Museum (勐泐博物馆), and the remnants of the Dai Palace and artifacts, as well as rare monkeys from the tropical rainforest.

Time Needed: 1-3 hours
Opening Hours: 08:00 – 18:00 (January 1 – December 31, Monday to Sunday)
Location: 140 meters west of the intersection of Jingkuang Lane (景匡巷) and Manting Road (曼听路), Jinghong City, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province (云南省西双版纳傣族自治州景洪市景匡巷与曼听路交叉口西140米)

Travel Notes

After the rain, the Dai Palace (傣王行宫) appeared especially beautiful; the sky was a clear blue, and the golden architecture gleamed magnificently in the sunlight. The exquisite utensils inside showcased the wealth of the Dai royal family. Outside the railing, I noticed a young photographer mesmerized by the scene before him, completely forgetting to press the shutter; I inadvertently captured him in my frame.

Suddenly, I was drawn to the sound of elephant foot drums. Following the sound, I found a grand welcoming ceremony taking place in the square in front of the main gate. Dai girls opened flower umbrellas, performing the peacock dance, while the girls in front sprinkled water from a silver bowl, offering their sincere blessings to the visiting guests.

On the other side, young men from the Aini ethnic group arranged bamboo poles, with eight long poles placed in parallel in four rows. Opening and closing rhythmically to the music’s beat, the girls danced gracefully, skillfully leaping through the crossing poles. As the poles separated, they deftly landed with both feet or one foot, quickly jumping back up before the poles could close, continuously changing their dance steps to perform various graceful movements. Curious children also wanted to try; after several attempts, they finally succeeded and joyfully posed for pictures with the Aini girls.

In front of the Zhou Enlai Water-Splashing Memorial Square (周总理泼水纪念广场), a group of performers recreated the grand scenes of the Dai king’s outings.

It is thanks to the efforts of elder leaders like Premier Zhou Enlai (周总理) that we have today’s harmonious atmosphere of ethnic unity, and we must cherish this hard-won ethnic sentiment, allowing it to continue to thrive.

How to Get There

To reach the Site of Dai Palace in Jinghong City, you can take a taxi or local public transport from Jinghong City center. The journey takes about 10-15 minutes. Alternatively, you can walk if you’re staying nearby, as it’s only about 4 kilometers from the city center.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: The best time to visit is during the dry season (October to April) when the weather is pleasant.
• Cultural Etiquette: When visiting, be respectful of local customs and traditions, especially when interacting with the Dai people.
• Photography: Bring a good camera to capture the stunning architecture and vibrant cultural performances. Be mindful of taking photos of people and ask for permission when necessary.
• Dining: Don’t miss trying the local Dai cuisine at the restaurants in the park, which offer unique flavors and dishes.

Overview

Manjinghan Village (曼景罕村) is located in the southern part of Gasa Town (嘎洒镇), Jinghong City (景洪市), Xishuangbanna (西双版纳) in Yunnan Province (云南省). It is situated 2 kilometers from the town government center, with convenient access via gravel roads. The village is bordered by Manzhangzai Village Committee (曼掌宰村委会) to the east, Manmian Village Committee (曼勉村委会) to the south, and Mandai Village Committee (曼达村委会) to the west and north. The village administers eight sub-villages, including Manjinghan and Mangga. The elevation of the village is 580 meters, with an average annual temperature of 22.6°C and an annual rainfall of 1200 millimeters, making it suitable for growing rice and rubber among other crops. On December 31, 2019, it was designated as one of the third batch of “Chinese Ethnic Minority Characteristic Villages” by the National Ethnic Affairs Commission.

• Administrative Category: Village
• Region: Jinghong City (景洪市), Xishuangbanna (西双版纳), Yunnan Province (云南省)
• Location: Southern Gasa Town (嘎洒镇)
• Subordinate Areas: Includes Manjinghan, Mangga, and other villages
• Telephone Area Code: 0691
• Postal Code: 666109
• Climate: Average annual temperature 22.6°C, annual rainfall 1200 mm
• Airport: Xishuangbanna Gasa International Airport (西双版纳嘎洒国际机场)
• License Plate Code: 云K

Village Conditions

Manjinghan Village administers eight villages, with an elevation of 580 meters. It enjoys a mild climate suitable for agriculture, particularly for rice and rubber cultivation.

Featured Industries

The main industries in Manjinghan Village are rice and rubber production, primarily sold within the county. In 2012, the total revenue from these primary industries reached 8.382 million yuan. The village is currently developing its rubber industry and aims to expand both the rice and rubber sectors significantly.

How to Get There

To reach Manjinghan Village, you can drive from Jinghong City, which is approximately a 15-minute journey. Alternatively, take a taxi or local transportation to Gasa Town, and then follow the gravel road south to the village.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: The ideal time for visiting is during the dry season from October to March when the weather is pleasant.
• Local Cuisine: Don’t miss the opportunity to try local dishes featuring rice and rubber tree sap.
• Cultural Engagement: Engage with local farmers to learn about traditional rice and rubber cultivation practices.

Overview

Banpo Laozhai Village (半坡老寨) is located on Nannuo Mountain (南糯山) in Menghai County (勐海县), Xishuangbanna (西双版纳). This village is renowned for its diverse climate, with the phrase “one mountain, four seasons; ten miles, different skies” often associated with the area. It is part of the “ancient tea village” known for producing some of the finest Pu’er tea.

According to legend, during Zhuge Liang’s (诸葛亮) southern expedition, his soldiers fell ill due to the local climate. To remedy this, Zhuge Liang planted a tea tree with his staff, and the soldiers brewed its leaves to recover. Hence, Nannuo Mountain is sometimes referred to as Kongming Mountain (孔明山). Although there is no historical evidence that Zhuge Liang reached Yunnan (云南), the area’s tea cultivation history is indeed long-standing.

Location and Environment

Banpo Laozhai is situated at an altitude of 1,650 meters on Nannuo Mountain. It is famous for its pristine scenery and sprawling ancient tea gardens, making it the largest ancient tea region in Xishuangbanna and even Yunnan Province (云南省).

The village is characterized by towering ancient trees, dense forests, and clear streams, showcasing a rich diversity of tropical rainforest wonders. It resembles a natural primitive forest park, with fertile soil and a deep humus layer, contributing to the excellent quality of the tea produced here.

Tea Characteristics

The tea from Banpo Laozhai is known for its robust and tightly rolled dry leaves, with elongated buds that display a mix of dark green hues. When brewed, the tea produces a clear, bright yellow liquid with a high floral fragrance, a full-bodied texture, and a smooth, refreshing aftertaste that lingers on the palate.

The experience of drinking this tea evokes a sense of tranquility, as if it originates from the distant horse caravans of old, akin to the delicate flavor of a wild orchid. The taste is subtle and requires patience to appreciate fully, as the fragrance is often hidden within, much like the unassuming wild orchid.

Unique Features of Different Hills

Each hill has its own distinct characteristics, leading to variations in tea flavor profiles, processing methods, and overall taste experiences. Therefore, when sampling Pu’er tea named after various hills, drinkers will find unique sensations. The flavor of the tea is representative of its specific origin.

Some of the well-known hills include:

• Banzhang (班章)
• Bingdao (冰岛)
• Mansa (曼松)
• Bohetang (薄荷塘)

Although many may have only tried tea from one of these hills, true tea enthusiasts who traverse mountains and rivers in search of their favorite flavor are rare.

Now, you no longer need to search extensively for different hills. The three main production areas of Pu’er tea offer everything you need. We provide a one-stop solution for your tea needs, featuring ancient tree spring tea from 36 hills, naturally sun-dried over 136 days.

Characteristics of Banpo Laozhai Pu’er Tea

Banpo Laozhai is located halfway up Nannuo Mountain, within the Nannuo Village Committee (南糯村委会) of Menghai County. The nearest village, Guzhai (姑寨), is over 5 kilometers away. The village has 27 households, totaling over 100 people, all belonging to the Aini ethnic group (爱尼人). Most households have their own tea gardens, with each having at least 10 acres. The scattered homes blend harmoniously with the surrounding tea trees and phoenix tail bamboo (凤尾竹), creating a serene environment.

Natural Environment

Banpo Laozhai, perched on a hillside, boasts well-preserved ancient trees and rich biodiversity, resembling a primeval forest park. Hidden among the dense foliage are countless ancient tea trees, with their gnarled roots revealing an ancient tea essence. The ancient trees in Nannuo Mountain are significantly thicker than those in Jingmai Mountain (景迈山), even though both hills have similar tree ages. The ancient tree resources in Nannuo Mountain are abundant, particularly in Banpo Laozhai, where outside interference is minimal.

Unique Features of Banpo Laozhai Pu’er Tea

Many people overlook the large tree teas from Nannuo Mountain, believing they can’t produce quality tea. However, the ancient trees here are about 300 years old, yielding hundreds of kilograms of dry tea annually. If asked about their unique characteristics, one might describe them as “pure.” They are neither bitter nor astringent, with subtle fragrances that develop over time.

The tea from Nannuo Mountain is known for its high altitude, refined qualities, and good cultivation conditions, making it a sought-after choice every year. Lower-altitude teas, such as those from Yikou (Y口) and Shitou Laozhai (石头老寨), may not reach the same quality.

Tasting Notes

Banpo Laozhai tea leaves are darker in color, belonging to the large leaf varietal. The rough processing results in a slightly bitter taste initially, but this bitterness is mild. The aftertaste is sweet and refreshing, with a bright, clear, pale green liquid. The tea is fragrant with honey and orchid notes, and the texture is smooth and rich.

The first brews may feel lighter, but from the third infusion onward, the tea presents a fuller, more substantial body with pure tea essence.

Crab Claw Tea

The tea leaves from Nannuo Mountain are harvested three times a year: spring tea, rainy season tea (summer), and valley flower tea (autumn). The spring tea is the finest, often featuring “crab claws” (螃蟹脚). These green tea leaves turn brown when dried. The brewed tea presents a yellow-green hue and a unique fragrance when fresh, developing a medicinal aroma with age. Crab claws are slightly cooling and mildly sour, promoting longevity. They can be consumed alone or blended with Pu’er tea to enhance its flavor.

Conclusion

The lifestyle of the people in Banpo Laozhai is peaceful and serene, reminiscent of distant horse caravans. Their lives harmoniously intertwine ancient traditions with modernity, showcasing a beautiful balance between tea, nature, and life.

How to Get There

To reach Banpo Laozhai Village in Nannuo Mountain, you can travel to Menghai County, Xishuangbanna. From there, take a local taxi or hire a private car to drive you to the village. The area is accessible by road, but the journey may require navigating through winding mountain paths.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: The ideal time to explore Banpo Laozhai is during the spring and autumn months when the weather is mild and the tea leaves are at their best.
• What to Bring: Bring comfortable walking shoes, a camera, and plenty of water, as the area is remote and the weather can be unpredictable.
• Tea Tasting: Take the opportunity to participate in local tea tastings and learn from the villagers about the ancient tea-making processes.

Overview

Mengle Temple (勐泐大佛寺), located on the outskirts of Jinghong City (景洪市), the capital of XishuangBanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture (西双版纳傣族自治州), Yunnan Province, is a major tourist destination built to national AAAA-grade scenic area standards. The temple is a reconstruction of the ancient royal temple of the Dai Kingdom, known as Jingpiao Buddhist Temple (景飘佛寺). The original temple was built by King Bolong (拨龙), a historical Dai king, to commemorate his late queen Nansha Weibian (南纱维扁).

The temple was destroyed in the Buddhist year 2883 (equivalent to 1848 AD, during the Qing Dynasty) due to war, leaving it in ruins for 169 years. Mengle Temple began reconstruction in 2005 and officially held the groundbreaking ceremony on March 9th of the same year. During construction, several cultural relics were discovered, including silver coins, silver boxes, and Buddhist ritual items.

Covering an area of 400 acres, the temple sits on a mountain with an elevation difference of 122.8 meters and is uniquely designed to resemble a seated Buddha. The temple integrates the life of Buddha Shakyamuni and Buddhist activities into its architectural and scenic elements, showcasing the history and traditional culture of Theravada Buddhism.

Key Information

• Chinese Name: 勐泐大佛寺
• Location: Mannongfeng (曼弄枫), Jinghong City, XishuangBanna (景洪市, 西双版纳)
• Opening Hours: Open year-round from 8:00 AM to 6:00 PM (latest entry at 5:30 PM)
• Attraction Level: National AAAA-rated scenic area
• Ticket Price: 120 RMB per person
• Area: 400 acres
• Famous Attractions: Jingpiao Hall (景飘大殿), Auspicious Buddha (吉祥大佛), Zhuangkai Golden Stupa (庄凯大金塔)
• City: Jinghong, XishuangBanna, Yunnan Province, China
• Suggested Visiting Time: 1-2 hours
• Best Time to Visit: All year round

Mengle Temple is located in the suburbs of Jinghong City, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, and is developed according to the national AAAA scenic area standards. Mengle Temple is a restoration of the ancient Dai royal temple “Jingpiao Temple,” which was originally built by a Dai king named Bolong in memory of his deceased queen, Nanshayi Bian.

The temple was destroyed during a war in the Buddhist year 2883 (1848 AD, during the Qing Dynasty’s Xianfeng period), which was 169 years ago. The reconstruction of Mengle Temple began in 2005, with a grand land consecration ceremony held on March 9 of the same year, followed by the foundation laying ceremony for the main hall on May 9, 2005. During the construction of the main hall, a large number of silver coins, silver boxes, and Buddhist ceremonial items were unearthed.

Mengle Temple covers an area of 400 acres, built against the mountain with a height difference of 122.8 meters, forming a unique sitting Buddha shape. It integrates the life of the Buddha, Shakyamuni, and temple activities into the landscape and architectural complex, showcasing the history and traditional culture of Theravada Buddhism.

History

Mengle Temple occupies a total area of 650 acres, with a construction area of 24,000 square meters. It represents a major cultural site aimed at promoting the legacy of Theravada Buddhism (南传佛教). The scenic area integrates traditional and modern elements to fulfill the modern-day tourist’s demand for historical, religious, and cultural experiences.

The original temple, Jingpiao Buddhist Temple (景飘佛寺), was a significant religious site built during the Ming Dynasty to honor the Theravada Buddhist traditions of the Dai people and the royal family. The Dai King Bolong built the temple to remember his beloved queen, who passed away during her youth. Due to her devout belief in Buddhism, the king frequently held grand religious ceremonies at the temple to both honor his queen and propagate Buddhist teachings.

The ancient temple was a vital landmark for the 12 Banna regions, playing an essential role in Buddhist activities in the area.

“Xishuangbanna Mengle Temple” is situated from the end of Highway No. 1 in Jinghong City to Nalian Mountain, covering an area of 650 acres, with a building area of 24,000 square meters and a total investment of about 200 million yuan. It is built according to national AAAA scenic area standards. The scenic area focuses on promoting “Theravada Buddhist culture,” using modern methods to inherit traditional culture and meet the modern tourists’ needs for experiencing history, Buddhist culture, and regional culture.

Architectural Features

The design of Dai Buddhist temples in XishuangBanna showcases the unique and intricate architecture of the region. The temples are predominantly rectangular in shape with multi-layered, sloping roofs. The temple roofs are made of rectangular tiles hooked onto bamboo beams and feature ornately decorated ridges.

Interior of Mengle Temple

The temple hall houses a large statue of Buddha Shakyamuni (释迦牟尼). The Buddha is often depicted in a seated position with large, distinctive ears, reflecting traditional Dai artistic style. His serene expression and elegant features embody the tranquility and mystery of the ancient Dai history.

The surrounding stupas are equally ornate, with intricately carved phoenixes and other symbolic designs. The entrance pavilion of the stupa is particularly impressive, featuring a double-eaved roof supported by columns without walls, allowing for an open and airy passage.

Social Impact

Theravada Buddhism has had a profound impact on Dai society, influencing its politics, economy, and cultural arts. Many of the Dai people’s long epic poems were developed after the introduction of Buddhism. The Pali Canon has been extensively recorded on palm leaf manuscripts (贝叶经), preserving the Buddhist teachings.

In XishuangBanna, nearly every village has a Buddhist temple, with over 500 temples and 200 stupas scattered across the region. Mengle Temple is the most prominent of all, serving as a spiritual hub and a cultural treasure for the Dai people.

The significant characteristics of Dai architecture are evident here, with no pillars embedded in the walls. Most buildings feature pagodas, including Burmese-style bell-shaped pagodas, pavilion-style pagodas, Thai Vajrasana pagodas, and octagonal eaves pagodas, all showcasing diverse forms. These pagodas are mainly constructed from bricks, covered with lime and paint, and are mostly solid. The Manfeilong Pagoda in Jinghong City is a Thai-style Vajrasana pagoda, designed by three Indian Buddhist missionaries and constructed under the direction of a Dai leader in 1204 AD, making it over 800 years old.

The base of the Mengle Temple pagoda is shaped like a plum blossom, with a circumference of 42.6 meters and a main tower height of 16.29 meters, surrounded by eight small towers, each 9.1 meters high, distributed in an octagonal layout. Each small tower contains a niche with a clay sculpture of a phoenix soaring in mid-air. The entire group of towers is pristine and beautiful, making it a key national cultural relic protection unit and a popular tourist destination.

The temple is built on the original site of “Jingpiao Temple,” a royal temple of the ancient Dai dynasty, constructed by King Bolong in memory of his deceased queen, who devoted her life to Buddhism. Therefore, every holiday, the Dai king would visit the temple to hold large ceremonies in her memory and to promote the teachings of Buddhism. Historical records indicate that “Jingpiao Temple” was established during the Ming Dynasty and is one of the symbolic buildings representing Theravada Buddhism in Xishuangbanna, also serving as an important venue for Buddhist activities.

Buddhist Tradition

The Dai people of Xishuangbanna predominantly practice Theravada Buddhism, which initially spread from India southward to Sri Lanka and then to Southeast Asian countries such as Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, and the Dai people in Yunnan, China. This branch of Buddhism is also known as “small vehicle” Buddhism. Due to its reliance on Pali as the canonical language, it is sometimes referred to as “Pali Buddhism.” The various sects within small vehicle Buddhism include the Mahāsāṃghika, Theravāda, Sarvāstivāda, and Sautrāntika.

Mengle Temple belongs to the Theravāda sect, which is prevalent in southern and eastern India; the Sarvāstivāda sect is found in northwestern, central, and western India; and the Sautrāntika sect has spread to Sumatra, Java, and is also found in central Vietnam. The fundamental teachings of small vehicle Buddhism are based on the “Four Noble Truths” (Dukkha, Samudaya, Nirodha, and Magga), asserting that life is characterized by suffering, advocating for self-liberation, and the pursuit of nirvana through good deeds and the accumulation of merit.

Architecture and Design

The architecture of Mengle Temple reflects the distinct style of Dai architecture, which is characterized by free-standing columns that do not penetrate the walls. The temple complex features various Buddhist stupas, including:

• Burmese-style bell-shaped stupas (缅式钟形佛塔)
• Pavilion-style stupas (亭阁式佛塔)
• Thai-style vajra stupas (泰金刚座佛塔)
• Octagonal stupas with multi-layered eaves (八角形密檐佛塔)

Most of the stupas are constructed from brick, covered with plaster, and painted, with many being solid structures. One of the most notable stupas in Jinghong is the Manfeilong Stupa (曼飞龙佛塔), a Thai-style vajra stupa. This towering structure, resembling a bamboo shoot, was designed by three Indian Buddhist missionaries and constructed in 1204 AD. It has stood for over 800 years.

The Mengle Temple Stupa Complex

The stupa complex at Mengle Temple is designed in a plum blossom (梅花状) shape, with a perimeter of 42.6 meters. The main stupa stands at a height of 16.29 meters and is surrounded by eight smaller stupas, each 9.1 meters tall, arranged in an octagonal pattern. The stupas are multi-tiered with gourd-shaped structures, and inside each small stupa is a shrine housing a clay phoenix sculpture. The entire stupa complex is pristine white, creating a stunning and elegant sight.

This site is also a nationally protected cultural relic and a popular tourist attraction.

Theravada Buddhist Tradition

Most of the Dai people in XishuangBanna practice Theravada Buddhism (南传上座部佛教). This form of Buddhism originated in India and spread through Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, and parts of Yunnan. Also known as Hinayana Buddhism (小乘佛教), it relies on the Pali Canon as its scriptural basis and emphasizes personal salvation through rigorous self-discipline.

Key Doctrines

The core doctrines of Theravada Buddhism are the Four Noble Truths (四谛):

1. Dukkha (苦谛) – The truth of suffering
2. Samudaya (集谛) – The cause of suffering
3. Nirodha (灭谛) – The cessation of suffering
4. Magga (道谛) – The path leading to the cessation of suffering

The teachings advocate self-liberation and reaching nirvana by practicing virtuous deeds and accumulating merit through meditative practices.

Layout and Structure

The Theravada Buddhist monks in Xishuangbanna are mainly divided into three ranks: “Pa” (novice), “Du” (bhikkhu), and “Huba” (elder). Boys are sent to the temple by their parents at the ages of 7 or 8 to learn scriptures and prepare as novices. After learning the required scriptures, they are initiated as monks on an auspicious day. Once a novice reaches 20 and wishes to remain a monk, he can apply for promotion to “Du,” and after reaching 30, he may be promoted to “Huba” if he wishes to dedicate his life to monasticism.

Dai Buddhist Architecture

Small vehicle Buddhism was introduced to Yunnan’s Xishuangbanna hundreds of years ago and has become the predominant faith among the Dai people. Buddhist temples are ubiquitous, with almost every village having one or two, often accompanied by stupas. These temples and stupas serve as central gathering places for the Dai community and are considered sacred by the people, representing valuable cultural and artistic heritage.

Architectural Style

Dai Buddhist temples in Xishuangbanna predominantly feature a heavy eave and multi-slope tiled roofing style. The temples are generally square, facing east, with three overlapping layers on the roof. The middle hall is higher, while the eastern and western sides gradually decrease. The roofs are covered with rectangular tiles, with the edges hooked onto bamboo purlins.

The ridge between the roof and the eaves is smoothed with lime, and various tile decorations are arranged on top. The ridge decorations are flame-shaped, with phoenix images often adorning the ends of the eaves. The interiors of the temple’s halls consist of a Buddha seat, monk seats, and scripture platforms. The statue of Shakyamuni Buddha is predominantly seated, with distinctively large and wide ears, a slender figure, and a serene expression that evokes curiosity about Dai history.

The entrance pavilion to the stupa features a unique design, built with a double-eave gable roof and an angled roof connecting to create an entrance structure supported only by columns, with no walls, allowing free movement.

Social Impact

Theravada Buddhism has profoundly influenced the political, economic, cultural, and artistic aspects of Dai society. Many of the long narrative poems of the Dai were created after the introduction of Buddhism. The Dai Canon, known for its extensive collection of over 84,000 texts, is primarily inscribed on palm leaves.

The Dai people of Xishuangbanna generally expect boys to enter the monkhood at ages 8 to 10, where they live a monastic life, learning scriptures and literacy, typically returning home after 1 to 5 years. During important festivals such as the Water-Splashing Festival and the Gate Closing Festival, Dai families visit temples to pay respect to the Buddha.

In Xishuangbanna, temples are found in almost every village, with unique architectural styles. Today, there are over 500 temples and more than 200 stupas in the Dai villages of Xishuangbanna, with Mengle Temple being the largest and most significant, revered as a holy site among the Dai people.

The temple is presided over by the chief monk of the southern Theravada Buddhist community, Huba Longzhuang Meng.

Tourist Information

Admission: The price for the incense and flower ticket is 120 yuan per ticket, with an online booking price of 108 yuan (not including in-park transportation). The one-way in-park transportation fee is 40 yuan per person, and the round-trip fee is 60 yuan. Children between 1.2 and 1.4 meters in height, full-time students with student ID cards, and people aged 60 to 70 with ID can receive a discount (80 yuan per ticket), excluding major ceremonial events. Children under 1.2 meters in height, those over 70 years old, people with disabilities, active military personnel with service IDs, and licensed tour guides in Xishuangbanna can enter for free (excluding major ceremonial events).

Opening Hours: 8:00 AM – 5:30 PM; the “Bathing the Buddha” water-splashing activities take place at 2:00 PM and 4:00 PM daily. The peacock release activity occurs five times daily at 9:30 AM, 11:00 AM, 1:30 PM, 3:00 PM, and 5:00 PM.

How to Get There

Mengle Temple is located in the southern part of Jinghong City, on Nanlian Mountain (南莲山), and can be reached easily by car, bus, or taxi:

• From Jinghong City Center: Take bus line 1 directly to the temple, or hire a taxi, which will take approximately 15 minutes.
• From XishuangBanna International Airport: A taxi ride takes around 25 minutes.By Car: From Jinghong City, take Garlan Middle Road, Xuanwei Avenue, Daxing Times Square, and Mengle Avenue to the destination.

  By Taxi: Mengle Temple is located 4 kilometers from Jinghong City, and a taxi ride costs about 15 yuan.

Travel Tips

• Ticket Price: General admission is 120 RMB. Discounts are available for students and seniors.
• Best Time to Visit: While Mengle Temple is open year-round, visiting during major Buddhist festivals like the Water-Splashing Festival (泼水节) will allow you to experience unique cultural and religious ceremonies.
• Dress Code: As it is a sacred site, visitors are advised to dress modestly.
• Tour Duration: Plan to spend 1-2 hours exploring the temple grounds.
• Additional Services: Shuttle services are available inside the temple for a fee (40 RMB one-way, 60 RMB round-trip).

Make sure to explore the Jingpiao Hall (景飘大殿) and the towering Auspicious Buddha (吉祥大佛), both key highlights of the temple complex.