Overview

The Longyushan Mountain Ancient Town Relics (垅圩图城遗址, Lǒngwēitú Chéng Yízhǐ) are located in Weishan Yi and Hui Autonomous County (巍山彝族回族自治县, Wēishān Yízú Huízú Zìzhìxiàn), Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture (大理白族自治州, Dàlǐ Bái Zìzhìzhōu), at the summit of Longweitu Mountain (垅圩图山, Lǒngwēitú Shān) west of Tuanshan Village (团山村, Tuánshān Cūn). Established in the first year of Yonghui during the reign of Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty (唐高宗, Táng Gāozōng) in 650 AD by the Nanzhao Kingdom’s founder, Xilunluo (细奴逻, Xìnúlùo), this site is recognized as the first capital city of the Nanzhao Kingdom.

The site covers an area of approximately 48,500 square meters. The city walls are constructed along the edge of the flat mountain summit in an inverted U shape, with various functional areas designated within the site: the Torch Mountain area serves as a viewpoint, the flat land area functions as the city site, and the Quarry Ridge serves as a temple area. Numerous construction materials, including tiles, stone bases, and lotus column bases, have been unearthed here, alongside statues of Buddhas, Bodhisattvas, heavenly kings, and arhat heads. The stone carvings found at this site exhibit distinct characteristics of Tang Dynasty (唐代, Tángdài) artistic style, providing significant physical evidence for studying the history of Nanzhao and its relationship with Buddhism.

On May 25, 2006, the Longyushan Mountain Ancient Town Relics were designated as a national key cultural relic protection unit by the State Council of the People’s Republic of China.

Key Information

• Chinese Name: 垅圩图城遗址 (Lǒngwēitú Chéng Yízhǐ)
• Location: Weishan Yi and Hui Autonomous County (巍山彝族回族自治县, Wēishān Yízú Huízú Zìzhìxiàn), Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture (大理白族自治州, Dàlǐ Bái Zìzhìzhōu), at the summit of Longweitu Mountain (垅圩图山, Lǒngwēitú Shān) west of Tuanshan Village (团山村, Tuánshān Cūn)
• Historical Period: Tang Dynasty (唐, Táng)
• Area: Approximately 48,500 m²
• Protection Level: National Key Cultural Relic Protection Unit (第六批全国重点文物保护单位, Dìliù pī Quánguó Zhòngdiǎn Wénwù Bǎohù Dānwèi)
• Approval Authority: State Council of the People’s Republic of China (中华人民共和国国务院, Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó Guówùyuàn)
• ID Number: 6-0187-1-187

Historical Background

According to historical records from the Yuan (元, Yuán) to the Qing (清, Qīng) dynasties and various local chronicles of Yunnan (云南, Yúnnán), after establishing the Dali Kingdom (大蒙国, Dà Méngguó), Xilunluo built a city on Longweitu Mountain in the first year of Yonghui (永徽, Yǒnghuī) during the Tang Dynasty. This site represents the first capital of the Nanzhao Kingdom.

The name Longyushan (龙于山, Lóngyú Shān) first appeared in the “Illustrated Chronicle of Nanzhao” (南诏图传, Nánzhào Túzhuàn) during the late Nanzhao period. In the “Yunnan Gazetteer” (云南志略, Yúnnán Zhìlüè) by Li Jing (李京, Lǐ Jīng) in the Yuan dynasty, it is referred to as “Longyutu” (龙于图, Lóngyú Tú), indicating that Xilunluo used it as the capital due to the mountain’s name. Historical records suggest that the city was fortified with walls; however, by the last century, no traces remained above ground.

Archaeological excavations began in 1956, and significant findings were made in subsequent years, confirming that the site was indeed the early capital of Nanzhao, consistent with historical accounts.

Site Features

The Longyushan Mountain site is situated in the southern half of an area known locally as Dapingdi (大平地, Dàpíngdì). Investigations revealed walls on the east, north, and west sides but no southern wall. The walls on the east and west are constructed at the junction of steep slopes and flat summits, while the northern wall is located where the flat area meets the gentle slope outside the city. The walls follow an irregular inverted U shape and span about 48,500 square meters.

Cultural Relics

• Type of Relics: The main relics at Longyushan Mountain include architectural remains and traces of white sand paving.
• City Walls: The north wall measures approximately 85 meters, the east wall about 380 meters, and the west wall approximately 460 meters, totaling around 925 meters. The west wall is constructed from weathered sandstone and earth, while the northeastern walls primarily use crushed white sand.
• Architectural Remains: Numerous remains have been found, including large deposits of rubble below the surface. Significant architectural remains were discovered in the Torch Mountain area, with a pillar hole measuring 1 meter in diameter, indicating the site’s grandeur. The entire ground of the city site is uniformly paved with white sand.
• Statues: Over 180 statues, including Buddhas, Bodhisattvas, heavenly kings, and arhat heads, were excavated, with 7 complete pieces and 42 relatively intact statues.

Cultural Significance

The statues unearthed from the site exhibit distinct Tang Dynasty artistic features, providing important material evidence for studying Nanzhao’s history and its connections to Buddhism.

Protection Measures

On May 25, 2006, the site was officially listed as a national key cultural relic protection unit by the State Council of the People’s Republic of China.

Travel Information

• Location: Weishan Yi and Hui Autonomous County (巍山彝族回族自治县, Wēishān Yízú Huízú Zìzhìxiàn), Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture (大理白族自治州, Dàlǐ Bái Zìzhìzhōu), at the summit of Longweitu Mountain (垅圩图山, Lǒngwēitú Shān) west of Tuanshan Village (团山村, Tuánshān Cūn).
• Transportation: The Longyushan Mountain Ancient Town Relics are approximately 50 kilometers from the People’s Government of Weishan Yi and Hui Autonomous County, accessible by car in about two hours.

How to Get There

• By Car: The most convenient way to reach the site is by driving. From Dali, head towards Weishan County and follow local signs to the Longyushan Mountain Ancient Town Relics.
• Public Transport: Check local bus services that may offer routes to Weishan County, though direct access to the site may be limited.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Consider visiting during spring or autumn for pleasant weather.
• Local Guides: Hiring a local guide can enrich your understanding of the site’s historical context and significance.
• Bring Water and Snacks: Facilities near the site may be limited, so it’s wise to bring your refreshments.
• Respect the Site: As a cultural relic, please adhere to guidelines and maintain the site’s integrity during your visit.

The Haimenkou Neolithic Site (海门口遗址, Haimenkou Yizhi) is located in Jianchuan County (剑川县, Jianchuan), northwest of Dian Nan Town (甸南镇, Dian Nan Zhen) in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture (大理白族自治州, Dali Baizu Zizhizhou), Yunnan Province (云南省, Yunnan Sheng). This site is recognized as the largest “stilt-style” waterfront settlement site discovered in China, dating from the late Neolithic to the Bronze Age, marking it as one of the earliest Bronze Age sites on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau.

The total area of the site is approximately 238,000 square meters, with the eastern river area covering about 93,000 square meters and the western area about 145,000 square meters. Artifacts recovered include pottery, stone tools, bone tools, ivory, wood, bronze, iron, animal bones, and agricultural remains. Structures such as houses, wooden posts, beams, stone blocks, human bone pits, column holes, and graves have also been uncovered. The cultural layers are well-defined, showing a rich continuity that forms a solid foundation for understanding the prehistoric culture of the western Yunnan region.

On March 5, 2013, the State Council of the People’s Republic of China designated the Haimenkou site as a key cultural heritage site.

Historical Development

The site was first discovered in 1957 when the Jianchuan County government excavated and widened the Jian Lake (剑湖, Jian Hu) river outlet, revealing numerous ancient wooden piles and artifacts. In the same year, the Yunnan Provincial Museum conducted initial excavations.

Subsequent excavations occurred in:

• 1978: A second excavation by the Yunnan Provincial Museum aimed at understanding the site’s distribution and cultural significance.
• 2008: A third excavation, authorized by the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, involved the Yunnan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology.
• 2016-2017: A fourth excavation was conducted in collaboration with Sichuan University.
• 2017: A fifth excavation took place, uncovering 27 graves, among other artifacts.
• 2018: A sixth excavation further expanded the understanding of the site.

Features of the Site

The three primary excavations from 1957, 1978, and 2008 revealed a site area of 50,000 square meters, with a dense distribution of wooden posts covering 20,000 square meters. The cultural stratigraphy consists of ten layers, allowing for the establishment of a chronological framework for the archaeological culture surrounding Jian Lake.

Fourth Excavation

During the fourth excavation, the cultural layers measured less than 2.5 meters in thickness. Artifacts included fire pits, house foundations, and graves. Notably, the findings suggest that the site contains remnants from the Nanzhao Kingdom period.

Fifth Excavation

The fifth excavation revealed 27 graves, 8 houses, and numerous other structures, with unique burial practices observed, such as the arrangement of skulls in specific patterns.

Sixth Excavation

This excavation confirmed the site’s total area of approximately 238,000 square meters, further dividing the cultural layers into modern and historical classifications. The results highlighted the site’s significance in understanding the Bronze Age and Neolithic cultural transitions.

Archaeological Finds

Over the various excavations, approximately 3,000 artifacts have been recovered, including pottery, stone tools, and various metal implements. Notably, the site has yielded evidence of early agriculture, including grains such as rice and barley, providing insight into agricultural practices since at least 1600 BCE.

Research Contributions

Recent studies have analyzed the metalwork from the site, revealing advanced techniques and alloy compositions indicative of a mature Bronze Age culture. Collaborations with academic institutions have resulted in significant publications highlighting the site’s role in the development of agriculture in Yunnan.

Cultural Significance

1. The Haimenkou site is the largest discovered “stilt-style” settlement, offering a rare glimpse into prehistoric settlement types in China.
2. Its well-preserved cultural layers span from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age, filling gaps in the prehistoric cultural timeline of southwest China.
3. The diversity of artifacts reflects the complexity of prehistoric cultures, contributing to broader studies of cultural exchanges in the region.

How to Get There

To reach the Haimenkou Neolithic Site:

• By Air: Fly into Dali Airport (大理机场, Dali Jichang), then take a taxi or public transport to Jianchuan County.
• By Bus: Regular buses operate from Dali to Jianchuan; the site is a short taxi ride from the bus station.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Spring (March to May) and Autumn (September to November) for pleasant weather.
• Local Guides: Consider hiring a local guide for a more in-depth understanding of the site and its history.
• Facilities: Bring water and snacks, as facilities near the site may be limited.

Fengyi Confucius Temple (凤仪文庙), also known as Zhao Prefecture Confucius Temple (赵州文庙), is located in Dali City (大理市), Yunnan Province (云南省), specifically at the West Street (西街) in Fengyi Town (凤仪镇). It was first established in the 18th year of the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty (1385) and was rebuilt in the 12th year of the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty (1886). Today, it serves as the Fengyi Cultural Center (凤仪文化站).

Historical Overview

Fengyi Confucius Temple originally had an east-west layout, facing West Street to the east and backed by the Zhao Prefecture city wall to the west. The original layout included the following features from east to west: the Great Screen Wall (大照壁), the Pan Pool (泮池), the Lingxing Gate (棂星门), the Great Success Gate (大成门), the Great Success Hall (大成殿), the Sutra Repository (藏经楼), and the rear palace (后宫). Currently, only the Great Success Gate, Great Success Hall, two side wings, and the Sutra Repository remain, with the rest having been destroyed or dismantled. Fengyi Confucius Temple is noted for its well-preserved structure, high architectural quality, and significant historical and scientific value. In December 2003, it was designated as a key provincial cultural heritage site by the Yunnan Provincial Government.

Architectural Layout

Originally, the temple’s layout was oriented east-west, with the eastern entrance facing West Street. The structure included several important buildings, including:

• Great Screen Wall (大照壁)
• Pan Pool (泮池)
• Lingxing Gate (棂星门)
• Great Success Gate (大成门)
• Great Success Hall (大成殿)
• Sutra Repository (藏经楼)
• Rear Palace (后宫)

The existing structures include the Great Success Gate, Great Success Hall, two side wings, and the Sutra Repository.

Major Buildings

• Great Success Gate (大成门): A three-bay entrance with a single eave hanging gable roof, reconstructed in 1986.
• Great Success Hall (大成殿): A five-bay hall with a single eave hip roof, measuring 23 meters wide, 18.5 meters deep, and approximately 13 meters high, featuring two entrances.
• Sutra Repository (藏经阁): A three-bay building in a lofted style.

Cultural Relics

The temple houses two ancient steles, including:

• A “Reconstruction of the City Record” from the third year of the Hongzhi period (1490) by Governor Zhang Yanshou (张延寿).
• A “Memorial Stele of the Ding Building for Wenchang” from the fourth year of the Kangxi period (1665).

Historical and Cultural Significance

Fengyi is today known as Dali Town (大理一镇). Historically, it was eligible to establish a Confucius Temple, as it served as the seat of Zhao Prefecture, which governed both Fengyi Town and Midu County (弥渡县), thus holding a higher status than regular counties.

Heritage Protection

Fengyi Confucius Temple has been recognized as a cultural heritage site on several occasions:

• September 1985: Designated as a key municipal cultural heritage site by Dali City Government.
• December 1987: Designated as a key state-level cultural heritage site by Dali Prefecture Government.
• December 2003: Recognized as a key provincial cultural heritage site by Yunnan Provincial Government.

The protection area includes boundaries defined by the Great Screen Wall (currently the Lingxing Gate), the southern eaves of the south wing, and the main road to the west.

Travel Information

Location

Fengyi Confucius Temple is situated at West Street (西街) in Fengyi Town (凤仪镇), Dali City (大理市), Yunnan Province (云南省).

How to Get There

The temple is approximately 16 kilometers from the Dali City Government. Driving takes about 30 minutes.

Travel Tips

• Visit during weekdays to avoid crowds.
• Explore nearby attractions to enrich your cultural experience.
• Consider learning about the local customs and history for a more immersive visit.

Wase (挖色, Wā sè), formerly known as Luchuan (鲁川, Lǔ chuān), is located on the eastern shore of Erhai Lake (洱海, Ěrhǎi), in the southeastern part of Dali City (大理市, Dàlǐ shì). It borders Shuanglang Town (双廊镇, Shuāng láng zhèn) to the north, Haidong Town (海东镇, Hǎi dōng zhèn) to the south, and is adjacent to Jizu Mountain Town (鸡足山镇, Jī zú shān zhèn) in Binchuan County (宾川县, Bīn chuān xiàn). Surrounded by mountains on three sides and facing the lake on one, Wase offers a stunning view of Cangshan Mountain (苍山, Cāng shān) to the west and Jizu Mountain to the east. This region has historically been a beautiful and fertile area known as a “land of fish and rice,” and is one of the birthplaces of Bai (白族, Bái zú) culture around Erhai Lake.

Due to its unique geographical position, Wase has long been a hub for water and land transportation, connecting the eastern shore of Erhai Lake to surrounding areas. The town is vibrant with economic activities, rich in culture, and deeply rooted in local customs, making it one of the best-preserved areas of Bai culture. Wase Town covers an area of 110.4 square kilometers, with the town government located in Wase Village (挖色村, Wā sè cūn). It is approximately 25 kilometers by water and 40 kilometers by road from Xiaguan (下关, Xià guān). The terrain rises from northeast to southwest, with the highest point being Lion Mountain (狮子山, Shī zi shān) at an altitude of 3,320.3 meters and the lowest at Wase Village at 1,974.6 meters.

Historical and Cultural Background of Wase Town

Wase Town has a long and rich history, with numerous ancient artifacts and well-preserved sites. Excavations around Fengweiqing Desert Temple (凤尾箐沙漠庙, Fèng wěi qìng shā mò miào), Daguanshan (大官山, Dà guān shān), Jinyushan (金鱼山, Jīn yú shān), and others have uncovered many Neolithic stone tools and fishing nets. Following the Neolithic culture, Bronze Age artifacts were also discovered, indicating a continuous cultural lineage. In the 11th century BCE, during the reign of Emperor Xiao of Zhou (周孝帝, Zhōu xiào dì), the ancestors of Wase established the Luba Kingdom (鲁白王国, Lǔ bái wáng guó), which laid the foundation for Bai culture in the area, documented in historical texts from the Ming (明代, Míng dài) and Qing (清代, Qīng dài) dynasties. In 2000, a survey led by the Dali Political Consultative Conference concluded that Wase is a source of Bai culture in Dali.

Folk Culture in Wase Town

In Wase, temples are built at every famous mountain and scenic spot, reflecting its rich cultural heritage. Desert Temple (沙漠庙, Shā mò miào) is the main deity temple on the eastern shore of Erhai, while Chongfu Temple (崇福寺, Chóng fú sì) serves as the ancestral temple of Jizu Mountain. Wase is a cultural center for various religious beliefs, showcasing Bai traditions of harmony between humans and gods, idol worship, and celebratory activities for deities’ birthdays.

The local “March Street” (三月街, Sān yuè jiē), often referred to as “Small March Street,” was moved to Kanglang Village (康廊村, Kāng láng cūn) during the Ming Dynasty, and later relocated to Wase after the Xianfeng era of the Qing Dynasty (清咸丰年, Qīng xián fēng nián). Wase still maintains a complete set of wedding and funeral customs, dietary habits, traditional clothing, classical music, and various folk dances and tunes, making it a vibrant cultural tapestry.

Geography and Terrain of Wase Town

Wase is characterized by its karst topography, featuring numerous lava caves and dramatic hills. The region offers stunning natural scenery, with Erhai Lake to the west, and breathtaking views of Cangshan Mountain, which is capped with snow year-round. The area is known for its “four wonders” of wind, flowers, snow, and moon, creating picturesque landscapes that attract countless visitors.

Prominent scenic spots include:

• Lion Mountain (狮子山, Shī zi shān)
• Goldfish Mountain (金鱼山, Jīn yú shān)
• Chicken Rock Mountain (鸡岩山, Jī yán shān)
• Desert Temple Reservoir (沙漠庙水库, Shā mò miào shuǐ kù)

Each site tells a story and contributes to the area’s allure, attracting tourists from both near and far.

Agricultural Development in Wase Town

Wase enjoys a mild climate, with no extreme heat or cold, making it suitable for agriculture. The fertile soil and abundant water sources allow for two crops a year, with yields surpassing the regional average. The area is renowned for its diverse agricultural products, including rice, wheat, beans, and various fruits like peaches, plums, and pomegranates, earning it the title “land of fish and rice.”

Erhai Lake is rich in fish, including oil fish, and the area boasts a variety of wild plants and valuable medicinal herbs. Local women are skilled in traditional embroidery, contributing to Wase’s reputation as the “homeland of Bai embroidery.”

How to Get There

Wase Town is accessible via various means of transportation:

• By Car: Drive from Dali City to Wase, approximately 40 kilometers.
• By Bus: Frequent buses run from Dali City to Wase Town, making it convenient for visitors.
• By Bicycle: For the adventurous, cycling from Dali to Wase offers a scenic route with picturesque landscapes.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Spring (March to May) and autumn (September to November) for pleasant weather.
• Local Cuisine: Try Bai specialties like Erhai fish, local mushrooms, and traditional pastries.
• Cultural Respect: Be mindful of local customs and traditions, especially when visiting religious sites.
• Accommodations: Consider staying in local guesthouses to experience Bai hospitality firsthand.

Cycling out from the ancient city of Dali (大理古城), it doesn’t take long to spot a prominent building by the roadside. A right turn leads us onto the long and straight “path into the village.” Upon our arrival, the weather wasn’t great—strong winds made me less inclined to take a boat ride on Erhai Lake (洱海). However, I noticed a bridge to the right of the dock that seemed to lead somewhere, so I decided to stop and explore. To my surprise, I stumbled upon Caicun Wetland Park (才村湿地公园). Although small, this park is worth a visit, with clear ponds lining both sides.

Scenic Highlights

One of the favored attractions by Erhai Lake, it offers beautiful scenery both at sunrise and sunset. Caicun Wetland Park is located on the western side of Erhai Lake, featuring Cangshan Mountain (苍山) and the lake itself, complemented by picturesque rural landscapes. Here, you can take a bamboo raft with locals and truly immerse yourself in the tranquil setting. Entering the park, the relaxed atmosphere becomes more pronounced.

On one side, the quiet lake is covered in duckweed and green algae, with several ancient-looking gnarled trees lying irregularly in the water—a typical wetland park scene; on the other side lies Erhai Lake. To see the vastness of Erhai Lake, one must walk to the far end of the park. Along the way, there are various open-air barbecue stalls, with vendors claiming to grill fish from the lake. Although we merely looked, if the temperature were a bit warmer, I would love to sit, enjoy some food, and lazily watch the clouds and the undulating mountains, creating an ultimate experience of slow living.

Observation Point

The observation point at the end of the path is the most crowded area in the park. With such beautiful scenery, it would be a loss not to snap some postcard-worthy photos. The rocky shoreline becomes a hotspot for visitors, and you might even encounter a wedding photography team, possibly leading to a wait. Nearby, many little ducks paddle across the water, adding to the charm. However, while posing for photos, one must be cautious about safety, especially on the uneven and slippery rocks; a slip could lead to a serious mishap.

Traditional Bai Village Life

On the opposite side of the curve, the scenery shifts again. Behind, traditional Bai (白族) houses appear particularly humble and peaceful, giving a glimpse into the daily lives of local residents, truly representing tranquility and ease. The juxtaposition of the vibrant natural setting with the simplicity of village life enhances the charm of Caicun.

Time Reference

Duration: 1-3 hours

Transportation

Bus: Take the ancient city C2 route to Caicun Dock Station and walk from there.

Admission

For specific details, please consult the scenic area.

Opening Hours

Open all day (January 1 – December 31, Monday – Sunday).

Location

150 meters east of Yuehua Road (月华路), Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Dali City.

Overview of Caicun Village

Caicun is located on the eastern side of Dali ancient city, along the western shore of Erhai Lake. It has over 3 kilometers of coastline and a population of over 7,100, with 3,250 acres of arable land. The Bai ethnic group has lived here for generations, relying on fishing for their livelihood. The lakeside has been transformed into a wetland park by the government, and the scenic area primarily relies on this park for its appeal.

Caicun is rich in natural beauty and cultural heritage, boasting over 120 inns and more than 20 restaurants, making it the largest tourist attraction in Bai villages around Erhai Lake, and a popular destination for visitors.

Attractions and Names

• Erhai Lake (洱海)
• Cangshan Mountain (苍山)
• Caicun Wetland Park (才村湿地公园)
• Bai Ethnic Culture (白族文化)

Development Status

Caicun and Wacun are connected villages featuring well-preserved temples such as the Caishen Temple (财神庙) and traditional Bai architecture. The local government has facilitated tourism development, making the wetland park a significant draw for visitors to Dali. The Bai community still upholds traditional customs during festivals, such as dragon dances and rituals, ensuring an authentic experience.

In 2003, to alleviate pressure on Erhai Lake, the government banned 40 small boats at Caicun Dock, limiting the number of operational boats to about 20. The local tourism company now operates these boats, which transported over 70,000 visitors in 2008, showing a significant increase since 2004. About 1,500 residents engage in tourism-related services, contributing to the local economy.

Future Prospects

Daily, nearly a thousand visitors come to Caicun. The village operates 20 small boats and has numerous transport services, restaurants, and flower-growing businesses. This integrated tourism service model enhances the experience, turning the beautiful natural scenery into tangible economic benefits.

Travel Tips for Caicun Wetland Park

• Location: 150 meters east of Yuehua Road, near Caicun/Lungan Dock.
• Hours: Open year-round from 6 AM to 9 PM; early morning or dusk is recommended for the best views.
• Cost: Free entry to the park.
• Activities: Enjoy the tranquil natural setting, ideal for relaxation and photography.
• Dining: Many nearby restaurants and stalls offer local specialties like yogurt and grilled fish.
• Accommodation: Various hotels are available nearby, offering comfortable and reasonably priced stays.

How to Get There

You can easily reach Caicun Wetland Park by cycling or taking public transport from Dali Ancient City. The scenic area is accessible, making it a perfect day trip for visitors looking to enjoy the serene environment of Erhai Lake and the surrounding natural beauty.

Overview

JizhaoAn Nunnery (寂照庵, Jìzhào’ān), located in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture (大理白族自治州, Dàlǐ Bái Zìzhìzhōu), within the Cangshan Scenic Area (苍山, Cāngshān), is open year-round from 08:00 to 17:30.

Nestled at the southern foot of Shengying Peak (圣应峰, Shèngyìng Fēng) of Cangshan, JizhaoAn is surrounded by lush pines and ancient cypress trees, creating a serene atmosphere that feels like a Buddhist sanctuary. Unlike typical nunneries, it exudes a tranquil charm rather than solemnity, resembling a vibrant garden filled with flowers and the sounds of birds. The interiors are thoughtfully arranged, with two flowerbeds in the backyard showcasing a variety of beautiful flowers and succulents, making it a popular spot for social media enthusiasts.

Known as the most beautiful nunnery in China, JizhaoAn’s name reflects its essence: “Perception leads to communication, and tranquility illuminates understanding” (感而遂通，寂静照鉴).

Jizhao Nunnery (寂照庵, Jìzhào ān), named from the phrase “Feeling and then pass, silent as a warning,” is located at the foot of Cangshan Mountain (苍山, Cāngshān) in Dali (大理, Dàlǐ). This serene site is nestled among ancient cypress trees and is renowned for its vibrant gardens, lovingly cultivated by Master Miao Hui (妙慧法师, Miàohuì fǎshī) over the decades.

A Blossoming Sanctuary

The nunnery is a colorful haven filled with an array of plants and flowers, showcasing the dedication of Master Miao Hui. Not only has she achieved great success in planting various flora, but her notable accomplishment lies in the cultivation of succulents. The temple grounds are adorned with thriving plants, showcasing potting, soil arrangements, and even hanging displays that breathe life into every crevice.

A Popular Retreat

Jizhao Nunnery has become a beloved destination for many visitors, with women often expressing a desire to stay longer due to its warm ambiance and elegant courtyard. It’s celebrated as “the most petty bourgeoisie temple in China” and “the most beautiful nunnery,” drawing praise from guests who admire its charm.

Vegetarian Delights

As we conversed, more people gathered outside, waiting eagerly to enjoy the nunnery’s vegetarian meals (斋饭, zhāi fàn). Priced at 20 yuan per person, these meals feature an assortment of delicious dishes prepared with care. The culinary offerings have garnered high praise, leading to many guests requesting seconds.

The Heart of the Nunnery

Master Miao Hui embodies the spirit of dedication, cultivating not only flowers and plants but also fostering a nurturing environment for all who visit. Her commitment to serving delicious vegetarian meals reflects the ethos of the monastery, making Jizhao Nunnery an ideal place to experience monastic life and embrace the essence of Dharma.

Scenic Beauty

Reaching JizhaoAn requires a hike, taking about half an hour along scenic paths. When you spot the clusters of hydrangeas along the way, you’ll know you’re close. The journey leads you through an enchanting landscape, adorned with diverse flora that creates a unique paradise in the mountains.

The plants here quietly embody the meaning of purity. Instead of incense, JizhaoAn focuses on planting flowers. Each flower represents a world, and every leaf symbolizes enlightenment (一花一世界，一叶一菩提).

Experience

Visitors often marvel at the elegant details that enhance the serene atmosphere. A satisfying trip culminates with a bowl of vegetarian rice, priced at 20 yuan.

JizhaoAn, acclaimed as the most artistic nunnery in China, is nestled within the lush landscape of Cangshan, attracting numerous visitors throughout the year. It enjoys heightened popularity during peak seasons, bustling with tourists.

Visitor Insights

Typically, mornings see the highest influx of visitors, and during peak times, waiting for a vegetarian meal can take 30 to 60 minutes. The flower gardens often become crowded, making photography challenging.

Reasons to Visit

• Convenient access and manageable hiking trails make it easy to explore JizhaoAn.
• The nunnery provides a refreshing retreat during summer, offering a cool escape from the heat.
• The diverse and beautiful flowers create a perfect backdrop for photography.
• The vegetarian cuisine is highly praised, attracting a steady stream of diners.

Tips for a Quiet Visit

To avoid crowds and enjoy a tranquil experience, consider visiting in the afternoon:

• Dali tourism is about embracing a slower pace of life. After lunch, take a moment to relax and perhaps nap to escape the midday heat and intense UV rays.
• Depart from your inn around 3 PM, energized for the hike to Cangshan and JizhaoAn. On your way, you can explore the ancient Gantong Temple (感通寺, Gǎntōng Sì), known for its legendary tales.
• The walk from the Gantong Temple to JizhaoAn is about 1.5 kilometers with an elevation gain of approximately 150 meters. This area is ideal for all ages, providing a leisurely yet accessible experience.
• In the afternoon, fewer visitors create a peaceful environment, perfect for enjoying the surroundings with friends or family, sipping tea, or simply taking a moment to reflect in solitude.
• Dinner service begins at 5 PM, with shorter wait times for vegetarian meals.

Conclusion

JizhaoAn is a hidden gem in Dali, providing a serene escape from the bustling crowds. Whether you’re there to admire the flora, enjoy the tranquility, or savor the delicious vegetarian food, it’s a place that captivates the spirit.

How to Get There

To reach JizhaoAn, start your journey from the ancient town of Dali. You can take a taxi to the Cangshan Gantong Cableway (苍山感通索道, Cāngshān Gǎntōng Suǒdào) for a quick ride. Alternatively, you can walk directly to the entrance of Cangshan National Geological Park (苍山国家地质公园, Cāngshān Guójiā Dìzhì Gōngyuán) and follow the signs to JizhaoAn.

Travel Tips

• The weather in Dali can be unpredictable, so it’s wise to carry rain gear.
• To protect the environment, remember to return your utensils to the washing area after meals.
• Take your time to explore the various nooks and corners of the nunnery, capturing the beauty of nature and tranquility.

Travel Blog about JizhaoAn Nunnery in Dali.

Overview

Taoyuan Wharf (桃源码头, Táoyuán mǎtóu) is the docking point for boat tours on Erhai Lake (洱海, Érhǎi), situated on the western shore of the lake, opposite the scenic town of Shuanglang (双廊, Shuāngláng). This picturesque wharf is renowned for its beautiful natural scenery and rich cultural heritage.

Journey Details

Boats depart from Dali Taoyuan Wharf between 13:30 and 14:30, making a one-way trip to Longkan Wharf (龙龛码头, Lóngkān mǎtóu), near Dali Ancient Town (大理古城, Dàlǐ gǔ chéng), arriving around 16:30 to 17:00. The entire journey takes approximately 2.5 hours. As there are no direct buses to Taoyuan Wharf, the closest stop is at Butterfly Spring (蝴蝶泉, Húdié quán), from where you can call a Didi (滴滴) taxi to the wharf. Although the trip may feel lengthy, the experience is worth it, even if the scenery consists mainly of bare mountains and water.

Wildlife Encounters

One of the highlights of the journey is watching seagulls chase after food tossed by tourists, creating amusing moments of desire as they try to snatch away bread and snacks.

Cultural Essence

Taoyuan Wharf is a reflection of Baijia Fishing Village (白家渔村, Bái jiā yú cūn) and the daily customs of the Bai people (白族, Bái zú). Beyond the uniform blue tiles and white walls, visitors can enjoy vast fields, fishing songs, the sight of cooking smoke, and the sounds of roosters and dogs, all contributing to a serene and picturesque atmosphere.

Estimated Time

1-3 hours

Transportation

• Self-Driving: Depart from Dali City Bus Station (大理市客运站, Dàlǐ shì kèyùn zhàn) via Renmin North Road (人民北路, Rénmín běi lù) to Xijing Line (西景线, Xī jǐngxiàn) until you reach your destination.
• Public Transport: Take a bus from Dali Ancient Town to Xiuzhou (喜洲, Xǐzhōu) or Xiaguan (下关, Xiàguān) and get off at Taoyuan Wharf.

Location

Taoyuan Wharf is located in Xizhou Town (喜洲镇, Xǐzhōu zhèn), Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture (大理白族自治州, Dàlǐ bái zú zìzhìzhōu), Yunnan Province (云南省, Yúnnán shěng), China.

Best Time to Visit

The ideal times to visit are in spring (March to May) and autumn (September to November), when the weather is pleasant and the scenery is at its most captivating. It’s advisable to avoid peak travel times, such as the National Day and Spring Festival, to reduce crowds.

Attractions

• Taoyuan Wharf (桃源码头, Táoyuán mǎtóu): A prime spot for watching the sunrise over Erhai Lake, where the morning sun reflects beautifully on the shimmering water.
• Erhai Lake (洱海, Érhǎi): The second largest freshwater lake in China, known as the “Pearl of the Plateau.” A dedicated cycling path circles the lake, perfect for exploring.
• Nearby Bai Villages (白族村落, Bái zú cūnluò): Experience the local ethnic culture and traditional architecture.

Photo Opportunities

• Sunrise at the Wharf: Arrive early at Taoyuan Village to find the perfect spot to catch the first rays of sunlight on the lake.
• Rowboat on the Lake: Rent a small boat to paddle on the lake and capture the stunning landscape of Erhai.
• Bai Ethnic Clothing: Dress in traditional Bai attire and take photos in front of the unique Bai architecture.

Culinary Recommendations

• Erhai Fish (洱海鱼): Try the local specialty, fresh and delicious.
• Three Courses of Tea (三道茶): Experience the traditional Bai beverage, enjoying its unique preparation and flavors.

Important Notes

• Environmental Protection: Do not litter by the lake; keep the natural environment clean.
• Sun Protection: Yunnan has strong sunlight; please take appropriate sun protection measures when going out. Additionally, the temperature varies significantly between day and night, so bring enough warm clothing.
• Respect Local Culture: When visiting ethnic villages, respect the local customs and traditions.

Accommodation Suggestions

There are several inns and guesthouses in Taoyuan Village (桃源村, Táoyuán cūn), allowing you to choose lakeside accommodations to enjoy tranquil nights and beautiful morning views. When booking, consider the location, environment, and services offered to ensure a comfortable stay.

How to Get There

To reach Taoyuan Wharf from Dali City, follow these steps:

1. Drive or take a bus from Dali Ancient Town to Butterfly Spring.
2. Use a taxi or Didi to reach Taoyuan Wharf.

With this guide, you can fully experience the beauty and culture of Taoyuan Wharf in Dali, leaving with unforgettable memories.

Overview

Taoyuan Village (桃源村, Táoyuán cūn) is located in Xizhou Town (喜洲镇, Xǐzhōu zhèn), approximately 7 kilometers north of the town government and 40 kilometers from Dali City (大理市, Dàlǐ shì). The village has convenient transportation, with asphalt roads connecting it to nearby areas. The primary sources of income for local farmers come from the commercial beverage industry and construction.

Geographic Location

Taoyuan Village lies adjacent to Erhai Lake (洱海, Érhǎi) on the east, Zhoucheng (周城, Zhōuchéng) to the south, Cangshan Mountain (苍山, Cāngshān) to the west, and Shangguan Village Committee (上关村委会, Shàngguān cūn wěiyuánhuì) to the north. It comprises 9 villager groups and, as of 2006, had 632 households and a population of 2,658, all engaged in agriculture. The labor force totals 1,443, with 443 individuals working in the primary industry.

Scenic Beauty

Taoyuan Village, situated beside Erhai Lake, boasts stunning scenery. It has several lakeside guesthouses, such as “Linhai Muyu” (临海沐月, Lín hǎi mùyuè) and “Taoyuan Family” (桃源人家, Táoyuán rénjiā). These guesthouses often have designs that integrate with the water, offering beautiful views of Cangshan Mountain and Erhai Lake, making them ideal spots for sunrise watching. One notable hotel is the Athena Oriental Boutique Hotel (大理雅典娜东方精品酒店, Dàlǐ Yǎdiǎnnà dōngfāng jīngpǐn jiǔdiàn), where the friendly owner once invited us to visit when we couldn’t enter another guesthouse.

Cultural Significance

Taoyuan Village has not been fully developed, maintaining its tranquil charm, much like its name suggests—a “paradise on earth” (世外桃源, shìwài táoyuán). In November 2021, Taoyuan Village was included in the public recommendation list for Yunnan Province’s 2021 Beautiful Villages, and in December, it received the honor of being named a “Beautiful Village” in Yunnan Province.

Architecture and Lifestyle

As a Bai ethnic (白族, Bái zú) village, the architectural style features traditional Bai designs, including the “three halls and a screen wall” (三坊一照壁, sān fáng yī zhàobì). The Bai people primarily engage in rice farming, representing a typical agricultural community. The village’s layout and decorative elements reflect both Han Chinese influence and distinct Bai characteristics, with white walls, ornate doorways, and artistic decorations showcasing flowers, birds, and landscapes.

Best Season to Visit

Taoyuan Village enjoys a low-latitude plateau monsoon climate, making it suitable for visits throughout the year. The best times to explore are in spring (March to May) and autumn (September to November), when the weather is pleasant, and the scenery is particularly enchanting.

Recommended Duration

3-4 hours

Language

Common languages spoken include Southwestern Mandarin (西南官话, xī nán guānhuà), Bai language (白语, bái yǔ), Yi language (彝语, yí yǔ), and Mandarin Chinese (普通话, pǔtōnghuà).

Major Attractions

1. Taoyuan Village (桃源村, Táoyuán cūn): Known for its beautiful lakeside scenery.
2. Xizhou Ancient Town (喜洲古镇, Xǐzhōu gǔ zhèn): A nearby historical town with traditional architecture.
3. Butterfly Spring (蝴蝶泉, Húdié quán): A local scenic area perfect for relaxation and photography.
4. Erhai Lake (洱海, Érhǎi): The primary attraction for boating and nature lovers.

Transportation

To reach Taoyuan Village, you can choose from various modes of transport:

• Public Transport: Buses run from Dali City to Xizhou Town, and you can take a taxi or walk to the village.
• Self-Driving: Drive from Dali City to Taoyuan Village, which takes approximately 40 minutes.

Culinary Recommendations

• Bai Cuisine (白族风味, Bái zú fēngwèi): Try local specialties such as pickled fish (酸菜鱼, suāncài yú), milk fan (乳扇, rǔ shàn), and clay pot fish (砂锅鱼, shāguō yú).

Travel Tips

1. Respect Local Culture: Be mindful of the customs and traditions of the Bai people while visiting.
2. Environmental Protection: Maintain cleanliness and avoid littering in natural areas.
3. Sun Protection: Bring sunscreen and stay hydrated, especially during outdoor activities.
4. Photography: Taoyuan Village’s beautiful scenery and ethnic culture make it perfect for photography. Bring adequate equipment to capture memorable moments.
5. Souvenirs: Consider purchasing local handicrafts, such as Bai embroidery (白族刺绣, Bái zú cìxiù), silver jewelry (银饰, yínshì), and pottery (陶器, táoqì) as souvenirs.

By planning accordingly, you can enjoy a memorable trip to Taoyuan Village, experiencing the blend of natural beauty, rich history, and vibrant ethnic culture.

Overview

The Longkan Wharf (龙龛码头) is located in the Xiaoguan District of Dali City (大理市), Yunnan Province (云南省), near the Mang River (芒市河). The wharf stretches approximately 204 meters and is supported by four concrete pillars, characterized by features resembling a dragon raising its head and a crane looking up.

Scenic Features

The wharf is situated in the scenic area of Erhai Lake (洱海), making it an open spot ideal for photography and appreciating beautiful views. It serves as an ancient ferry terminal for Erhai Lake, where visitors can also spot seagulls and enjoy stunning sunrises. A few hundred meters south, there is a beautiful water cedar forest that enhances the picturesque landscape.

Historical Significance

Longkan Village (龙龛村) is one of the closest villages to the ancient city of Dali, located about three kilometers east of it, adjacent to Erhai Lake. Historically, the wharf was named after the eleventh king, Meng Shilong (蒙世隆) of the Nanzhao Kingdom (南诏), who lived here for eight years. To honor the local residents who supported him, he named the nearby village “Longkan,” meaning “the place where the dragon lived.” Each year from the 16th day of the first lunar month to the second day of the second lunar month, a pilgrimage event occurs at Haiyan Temple (海晏庵), where worshippers gather before taking a boat from Longkan to Guanyin Pavilion (观音阁) on Jizu Mountain (鸡足山).

Film Location

Longkan Wharf gained fame as a filming location for the movie “Breakup Buddies” (心花路放), directed by Ning Hao (宁浩). This film and its soundtrack have made Dali a spiritual retreat for many, offering relief and healing to those who visit, despite any past troubles.

Village Description

Longkan Village is a quaint village outside the ancient city, near Erhai Lake. It is known for its traditional Bai (白族) architecture, which has started to change since 2006, undergoing renovations while retaining its historical charm. The village roads are excellent for cycling, but cars are prohibited, making bicycles a suitable mode of transport.

Environmental Highlights

The environment around Longkan Village is remarkable. The clear waters of Erhai Lake and the adjacent wetland park are home to numerous water birds, which might be difficult to distinguish between local species and migratory ones, like the Siberian red-winged hawk.

Recommendations for Visitors

If you’re a fan of films, you might search for the fictional Wutong Inn (梧桐客栈), though it doesn’t actually exist in reality. The area does have a few guesthouses, but options are limited and prices tend to be higher. Nearby dining spots offer a mix of local and international cuisine.

Travel Tips

1. Best Time to Visit: Early morning for stunning sunrises and the best light for photography.
2. Getting There: You can drive or take a taxi to Hegui Inn (鹤居客栈). Be mindful that vehicles cannot pass through narrow lanes, and traffic can be heavy at the stone archway entrance.
3. Photography Tips: Aim to arrive by 6:40 AM for the best photo opportunities. The left side of the water cedar forest is ideal for capturing fewer crowds with stunning views. Dress in light colors or whites, and consider props like a flower basket and a wide-brimmed hat for a perfect social media shot.
4. Precautions: Dali experiences strong UV rays, so ensure you have sunscreen. The temperature can vary significantly between day and night, so bring a jacket.

Conclusion

The Longkan Wharf in Dali is a rustic gem that encapsulates the tranquil beauty of Erhai Lake and the serene village life of the Bai people. With its rich history and stunning natural landscapes, it’s a must-visit destination that provides a unique blend of cultural and natural experiences.

How to Get There

From Dali Ancient City (大理古城), Longkan Wharf is just 5.3 kilometers away, making it easily accessible by bike or on foot. Consider renting a bicycle to explore the scenic routes around Erhai Lake.

Travel Tips

• Respect Local Culture: Be mindful of local customs and protect the environment.
• Stay Hydrated and Protected: Keep hydrated and use sunscreen, as the sun can be quite intense.
• Capture Memories: Bring a good camera to capture the breathtaking views and local culture.

Longkan Ancient Ferry (龙龛古渡)

Overview

Longkan Ancient Ferry, located on the western shore of Erhai Lake (洱海) in Dali (大理), is a small dock in the Bai (白族) village of Longxiading (龙下登村), which has a history of over a thousand years. It once served as a landing point for boats and was an essential route from Longxiading village in Haixi to Luoquan Peninsula in Haidong (海东).

The site was originally known as “Lijiazhuang” (李家庄). According to legend, the eleventh king of the Dali Kingdom (大理国), Meng Shilong (蒙世隆), known as Emperor Jingzhuang, lived here for eight years in hiding during his childhood. After his father’s death, he ascended to the throne and, in gratitude for the villagers’ care, renamed Lijiazhuang to “Longkan,” meaning “place where dragons dwell,” and implemented many beneficial policies.

Today, Longkan Ancient Ferry has become a famous social media hotspot, celebrated as “the best place in China for love declarations” with the phrase “Cangshan Mountain as the vow, Erhai Lake as the promise.” It is also a prime location for sunrise viewing and one of Dali’s most beautiful landmarks.

Sunrise Experience

To witness the sunrise, we set off from our hotel at 6:00 AM on November 2, taking a taxi to Longkan Ancient Ferry. The driver enthusiastically informed us that it is the best spot for sunrise viewing; however, in spring and summer, sunrises typically occur between 5:30 and 6:30 AM, while in autumn and winter, they happen around 7:00 to 8:00 AM. Although he suggested we might be early, our spirits were high, and we were ready to wait.

Upon arriving at the village entrance, it was still dark. A stone archway marked “Longkan Xiading Bai Village” greeted us, with plaques commemorating its recognition as a “Yunnan Provincial Ethnic Tourism Village” in December 2015. Opposite was a stone tablet celebrating its designation as a model village for national unity and progress.

Following the driver’s directions, we walked along the cobbled paths towards Erhai Lake. Shops along the street were preparing for breakfast, and vendors near the shore were calling out to tourists to buy corn on the cob and hot drinks.

As we settled on the stone railing in front of Longkan Ancient Ferry, a cool breeze from the lake accompanied us. The number of visitors gradually increased, with some young people standing on the “Haitse” (海舌), a protrusion into the lake, ignoring the cold as they eagerly awaited the sunrise.

After about fifteen minutes, the dawn light began to appear on the eastern shore of Erhai Lake, gradually spreading across the sky in vibrant colors, filling us with excitement.

Around 7:00 AM, red clouds rose above the eastern shore, dazzling and thrilling us as we focused intently on the rising sun. However, at approximately 7:35 AM, thick clouds covered the red sky, preventing the breathtaking view we had hoped for, which was disappointing.

By 7:42 AM, the clouds receded slightly, revealing the golden sun rising slowly from behind Cangshan Mountain (苍山), illuminating the still-dark sky and the lake surface. At this moment, observers eagerly grabbed their phones or cameras to capture the enchanting sunrise, despite the cloud interference.

At 7:48 AM, the sky turned blue, and sunlight brightly lit the surrounding area. Many tourists continued taking photos of the red sun over the eastern shore, creating an inspiring scene.

Longkan Ancient Ferry was particularly beautiful, with sunlight filtering through the circular doors on either side of the wall, creating mesmerizing shadows.

Cultural Significance

Historically, Longkan Ancient Ferry served as a docking point for boats and was the necessary route for Longxiading village to reach the Luoquan Peninsula on the eastern shore of Erhai Lake. It has now become a landmark for the Bai people and a highly popular photo spot.

The site features a Bai-style wall with an inscription “Longkan Ancient Ferry.” The left circular doorway is inscribed with “Tianjing” (天境), while the right bears “Haiyue” (海月). Behind the wall, a narrow “Haitse” extends into Erhai Lake, constructed of gravel and about 2.5 meters at its widest point. A stone tablet erected by the State Ethnic Affairs Commission in April 2017 recognizes it as a “Chinese Ethnic Characteristic Village.”

Longkan Ancient Ferry has been labeled “the best place in China for love declarations,” with a small square featuring an inscription that embodies unwavering love, highlighted by a large pink heart sculpture and steps that read love affirmations such as: “Step by step, from meeting to growing old together, in happiness and adversity, we will be together forever.”

New couples, adorned in wedding attire, often walk hand in hand up these steps, reciting their vows—a truly magical and moving experience, making it a favored social media location.

Scenic Beauty

After 8:00 AM, with clear skies, the Longxiading village glowed with vibrant colors, framed by the green peaks of Cangshan and the rippling blue waves of Erhai Lake, forming a captivating natural painting. As we strolled along the winding ecological corridor of Erhai Lake, we noticed couples capturing their wedding photos—handsome men and beautiful women, all delightful to behold.

The coastline around Longkan Ancient Ferry is curvy, with various sizes of lake stones scattered along the beach, blending with the naturally colored grass. Close to the shore, a few water fir trees reflected in the water, creating a charming scene. Here, visitors can listen to the sound of waves lapping against the rocks.

The pristine ecological scenery attracts many young people to take photos and enjoy the most beautiful morning moments.

Local Culture and Activities

The Bai-style homes and inns along the western side of the ecological corridor offer a different view. Their blue tiles and white walls are aesthetically pleasing, with intricate patterns adorning some of the exterior walls, showcasing the Bai people’s love for life and their current prosperity.

With the growth of tourism, some Bai villagers set up stalls along the corridor to sell homemade Bai clothing or local specialties. Others rent out flower-decorated bicycles for tourists to use for photos.

Wind, Flower, Snow, and Moon Square

Located north of Longkan Ancient Ferry, this square protrudes into Erhai Lake. A simple stone archway stands at the entrance, inscribed with “Haiyue.” Stones commemorating the “Four Scenic Views of Dali” (大理风花雪月) are scattered around the square, showcasing local beauty. From the square, looking south, the “Haitse” of Longkan Ancient Ferry appears like a fine line floating on the lake—a breathtaking sight.

At the square’s railings, several red firs reflected in the water create a stunning view. This area is also a popular spot for wedding photography, with photographers guiding couples to showcase their beautiful poses, adding a modern flair to this ancient Bai village.

Conclusion

Longxiading Village (龙下登村) is a millennia-old Bai village that serves as both a picturesque viewing spot and a vibrant home for daily life. Here, visitors can enjoy sunrises, admire the stunning scenery of Cangshan and Erhai, and immerse themselves in Bai culture.

How to Get There

Longkan Ancient Ferry is accessible by taxi or private vehicle from Dali city center. The journey typically takes around 30 minutes.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: For sunrise viewing, arrive early, especially during autumn and winter when sunrises occur later.
• What to Bring: A camera for capturing the beautiful scenery and perhaps a light jacket for the cooler morning temperatures.
• Local Cuisine: Try the local snacks available at roadside stalls for an authentic Bai culinary experience.

Overview

The Longkan Wharf (龙龛码头) at Erhai Lake (洱海) is located in Dali City (大理市), Yunnan Province (云南省), specifically in the Xiaguan District (下关区). This scenic spot, situated near the banks of the Mang River (芒市河), extends approximately 204 meters. Each structure at the wharf is supported by four concrete piles, featuring designs reminiscent of a dragon raising its head and a crane holding its head high.

The wharf is located in the western part of Erhai Lake and serves as an open attraction that boasts an ancient ferry port, seagulls, and the best sunrise viewing points, making it an ideal place for photography and enjoying beautiful landscapes. Just a few hundred meters to the south lies a picturesque water fir forest (水杉林).

Historical Significance

Longkan Village (龙龛村) is one of the closest villages to Dali Ancient City (大理古城), typical of the Bai ethnic group (白族) and situated about three kilometers east of the ancient city. Historically, Longkan Wharf was named after Wang Shilong (王蒙世隆), the eleventh king during the Nanzhao Kingdom (南诏), who lived here for eight years. To express gratitude to the local residents for their hospitality, he named the nearby village “Longkan,” meaning “the place where dragons once lived.”

From the sixteenth day of the first lunar month to the twenty-fifth day of the second lunar month, a pilgrimage festival takes place where worshippers gather at Haiyan Temple (海晏庵) and take boats from the ancient ferry to Guanyin Pavilion (观音阁) on Jizushan Mountain (鸡足山).

Cultural References

Dali Longkan Wharf was also a filming location for the movie “Breakup Buddies” (心花路放) directed by Ning Hao (宁浩). The movie highlights the area’s charm, making it a spiritual refuge for those seeking solace from life’s struggles.

If you’re a fan of the film, you may want to explore the fictional Wutong Inn (梧桐客栈) portrayed in the movie, although it does not actually exist. The area has seen changes since 2006 and is currently undergoing renovations, which sometimes results in temporary closures.

Environment and Activities

Longkan Village has a pleasant environment with clear waters from Erhai Lake and nearby wetlands, evidenced by the water birds that gather here. Although seasonal variations may affect birdwatching, this peaceful village offers a quiet retreat.

The village’s roads are well-maintained, making cycling along the lakeside an excellent choice. However, vehicles are not allowed within the village, so bicycles are the preferred mode of transport. Shared bicycles can be scarce, but the tranquil atmosphere and stunning scenery make the effort worthwhile.

Travel Guide to Longkan Wharf

Reasons to Visit

1. Stunning Sunrise: The sunrise at Longkan Wharf is breathtaking, with the sky turning golden as the sun rises.
2. Proximity: Located just 5.3 kilometers from Dali Ancient City, it’s easy to explore both locations in one trip.
3. Water Fir Forest: After visiting the wharf, be sure to check out the vibrant water firs that create a beautiful contrast with the morning sky.

How to Get There

You can drive or take a taxi to Heku Inn (鹤居客栈). Be aware that vehicles cannot enter the alleyways, and the entrance near the stone archway can get congested.

Photography Tips

To capture stunning photographs, arrive by 6:40 AM. Position yourself slightly left of the water fir forest for fewer crowds and beautiful views. Wear light colors and bring a small flower basket and a wide-brimmed hat to enhance your photos.

Travel Tips

• Sun Protection: Dali has strong UV rays, so be sure to use sunscreen.
• Temperature Variations: There can be significant temperature changes between day and night, so pack a light jacket.

Additional Information

For more details, including visitor reviews and tips, check travel forums and social media platforms where travelers share their experiences. Enjoy your visit to Longkan Wharf and embrace the natural beauty and cultural richness of Dali!

Overview

Erhai Lake Gate Tower (洱海门) is located at the East Gate of Dali Ancient Town (大理古城), Yunnan Province (云南省). It is also known as Erhai Gate. Due to changes in topography and water resources, the area of Erhai Lake has shrunk, placing the gate approximately 4 to 6 kilometers away from the lake itself.

• Chinese Name: 大理古城洱海门
• Location: Dali City (大理市), Yunnan Province (云南省)
• Opening Hours: Open year-round, Monday to Sunday, 00:00 – 24:00

Attractions

Introduction to the Area

While some streets in Dali Ancient Town, such as Yangren Street (洋人街), have become commercialized, areas like Yu’er Road (玉洱路) and the latter half of Renmin Road (人民路) maintain an antique charm and historical feel. The Erhai Gate is situated on Renmin Road in the ancient town.

Dali Ancient Town Erhai Gate Market

When traveling, I enjoy exploring local vegetable markets or bazaars to experience the vibrancy of local life. If time permits, I also visit larger shopping malls. In my view, visiting a vegetable market offers insight into the local lifestyle, species diversity, culinary preferences, and even the happiness index of the residents.

During the summer of 2019, I traveled around Yunnan with friends, with Dali Ancient Town being our first stop. As someone who enjoys visiting markets, I woke up early while my friends lingered in bed. I strolled towards the ancient town, where the stone-paved streets were freshly cleaned, and tourists had yet to stir, giving the town a serene atmosphere.

Before my trip, I learned about a Bai-style (白族) Catholic church near Dali Ancient Town. Following my navigation, I walked along the stone path and reached the Erhai Gate.

Following the signs, I arrived at the church, which indeed features a unique Bai architectural style. The church is situated in a courtyard, with white walls adorned with blue patterns depicting elements like flowers and the moon, and the roof exhibits characteristic flying eaves.

Historical Significance

Built in the 1930s, this church stands as a testament to the bravery of missionaries who ventured deep into remote regions to spread their faith, often at great personal risk. I felt a deep respect for them as I entered the church and took a moment to pray.

Walking back to the main road, I noticed many local residents heading to a halal beef shop, where they sold both raw and prepared beef. Curious about their butchering methods, I watched the owner slicing meat at the entrance, discovering they also offered beef noodles!

Seeing the locals enjoying their meal, I sat down and ordered a bowl of beef rice noodles. The shop provided delicious mint pickles, and the noodles were wonderfully chewy, with the braised beef rich in flavor and a delightful beef broth. I highly recommend this dish!

After my meal, I strolled down the street and saw some residents carrying fresh vegetables. This indicated a nearby market, so I followed the crowd and found a small bazaar. At the entrance, there was a small flower stall, and nearby, a local woman sold homegrown vegetables and dried mountain goods. I purchased half a pound of fragrant red fungus (红乳菌) from her.

Continuing further, I encountered several stalls selling frozen ingredients and live chickens. A few steps ahead, I found a square building on the first floor with various meat vendors. Locals used iron cages to store freshly slaughtered pork, which was processed cleanly without any blood, showcasing the cleanliness of the stalls. It made me wonder if the Bai people typically do not consume organ meats.

Overall, the market was relatively small with fewer vendors, indicative of a local, intimate marketplace.

How to Get There

To reach Erhai Lake Gate Tower, you can take public transportation or a taxi to Dali Ancient Town. The area is pedestrian-friendly, so walking is a pleasant option once you arrive.

Travel Tips

• Explore Early: Visiting early in the morning allows you to enjoy a quieter atmosphere and avoid crowds.
• Local Delicacies: Don’t miss out on trying local dishes at nearby shops for an authentic experience.
• Market Etiquette: Engage with local vendors respectfully and try to use basic Mandarin phrases to enhance your interactions.
• Comfortable Footwear: Wear comfortable shoes, as you will likely be walking on cobblestone streets.

Overview

Xihu (西湖), also known as Eryuan Xihu (洱源西湖) or Dali Xihu (大理西湖), is located in the western part of Dengchuan Bazi in Eryuan County (洱源县), Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture (大理白族自治州), Yunnan Province (云南省). Nestled at the foot of Yunong Peak (云弄峰), the highest peak of Cangshan Mountain (苍山), it lies under the Fozhong Mountain (佛钟山) in the western part of Yousuo Town (右所镇). Xihu is over 40 kilometers from Dali Ancient City (大理古城), situated along the route from Dali to Lijiang (丽江).

Eryuan (洱源) is the source of the plateau pearl, Erhai Lake (洱海), which explains its name. Rich in natural resources, it has been praised as the “Land of Fish and Rice,” “Land of Plums,” “Land of Dairy Cows,” “Land of Hot Springs,” “Land of Orchids,” “Plateau Water Town,” and “Land of Suona” (唢呐之乡). Xihu is a national wetland park, a national AAA scenic area, and a provincial scenic spot in Yunnan. It is the second national wetland park in Yunnan, following the Yuanyang Hani Rice Terraces (元阳哈尼梯田), and the first natural national wetland park in Yunnan.

Geography and Features

Xihu is a freshwater lake situated on a plateau, covering an area of 5.5 square kilometers. It consists of three areas: Xihu, Jiangwei (江尾), and Luoping Mountain (罗平山), along with the Luosijiang (螺蛳江) scenic route. As a fault lake, it has an average depth of 1.8 meters and a maximum depth approaching 12 meters, making it an important water source for Erhai Lake.

Ecological Resources

The ecosystem of Xihu is remarkably diverse, featuring a natural ecological system that overlaps with artificial systems, including forest (shrub) areas, villages, farmlands, lakeside marshes, lake surfaces, and island villages. The wetland is home to unique fish species such as Erhai bighead carp (洱海大头鲤), gray loose-skin fish (灰裂腹鱼), and Dali loose-skin fish (大理裂腹鱼). It serves as a habitat for many wintering birds and hosts the largest population distribution of the rare purple swamphen (紫水鸡) in China.

Cultural Heritage

Xihu is home to six villages: Zhangjiadeng (张家登), Qingshuitang (清水塘), Dongdeng (东登), Zhongdeng (中登), Nandeng (南登), and Haitang (海塘), alongside an island, creating a picturesque landscape of villages within lakes and lakes within villages. In the Ming Dynasty, scholars like Yang Sheng’an (杨升庵), Li Yuanyang (李元阳), and Yang Nanjin (杨南金) often gathered for poetry and music on the lake.

In 1639, Xu Xiake (徐霞客) was enchanted by the beauty of Xihu, describing in his travel notes: “悠悠有江南风景，而外有四山环翠，觉西子湖又反出其下也。” (There are landscapes of Jiangnan, and outside are the four green mountains, reminiscent of the West Lake). In the Qing Dynasty, the scholar Yang Chengchun (杨承淳) praised the lake in his poetry: “湖光荡漾几回纹，渔父歌声闹水滨，信口舢敲湘汉句，断肠弄笛雁鸿云。”
(The lake’s surface ripples, the fisherman’s song stirs the waters, casually, a boat taps the verses of Xiang and Han, heartbreakingly, a flute plays the cries of wild geese.)

Bai Ethnic Cuisine

Visitors can savor authentic Bai (白族) cuisine at Xihu, including dishes like raw skin (生皮), lake-boiled fish (湖水煮活鱼), vegetable and bean soup (水菜豆米汤), claypot fish (砂锅鱼), stewed plums (炖梅), carved plums (雕梅), milk fan (乳扇), and three cups of tea (三道茶).

Transportation Guide

Xihu is located over 40 kilometers from Dali, along the route to Lijiang. Visitors can take a bus to Yuhu Town (玉湖镇) in Eryuan County and disembark at Yousuo Town, then walk north.

Recommended one-day itinerary: Dali — Eryuan County Town — Cibi Lake (茈碧湖) — Hot Springs — Dali (or onward to Jianchuan (剑川), Heqing (鹤庆), Lijiang, and Diqing (迪庆)).

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Spring and autumn are ideal for enjoying the natural beauty and cultural activities.
• Local Etiquette: Respect local customs, especially in Bai ethnic areas.
• Wildlife Watching: Bring binoculars for birdwatching, particularly in winter when migratory birds are present.
• Food Recommendations: Try local specialties and ensure dietary restrictions are communicated clearly to vendors.

How to Get There

Xihu can be accessed via public transport from Dali, and it is advisable to check local bus schedules. For those driving, follow the main route to Eryuan County, with clear signage along the way.

Overview

Yunnan Eryuan West Lake National Wetland Park (云南洱源西湖国家湿地公园) is a national-level wetland park located at the northern foot of Yunong Peak (云弄峰), one of the nineteen peaks of Cangshan Mountain (苍山), within the territory of Yousuo Town (右所镇), Eryuan County (洱源县), Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture (大理白族自治州), Yunnan Province (云南省). Situated at the source of Erhai Lake (洱海), it serves as an important source of water for Eryuan, belonging to the Lancang River (澜沧江) watershed.

The geographical coordinates of Yunnan Eryuan West Lake National Wetland Park are between 100°4′E and 100°45′E longitude, and 25°59′N and 26°21′N latitude. The park covers a total area of 1,354.07 hectares, with the lake surface at an elevation of 1,967.8 meters above sea level. The average water depth is 1.8 meters, with a maximum depth reaching 8.3 meters. It is classified as a fault lake, featuring six large islands and 88 smaller islands (at normal water levels).

Geographic Environment

Yunnan Eryuan West Lake National Wetland Park is uniquely positioned at the source of Erhai Lake, making it a vital ecological zone. The landscape comprises a rich diversity of natural ecosystems, including forests, shrubs, farmlands, lakeshores, marshes, lakes, islands, and villages. This variety creates a typical basin-lake structure that encapsulates all aspects of the region’s scenic diversity, including local customs, historical culture, fishing villages, island water towns, and geothermal hot springs.

Biodiversity

The wetland of Eryuan West Lake boasts rich biodiversity. A scientific investigation conducted by the Southwest Forestry University/National Plateau Wetland Research Center in 2009 documented the presence of 18 species of mammals, 16 species of reptiles, 14 species of amphibians, 26 species of fish, and 76 species of birds, with 39 of these being aquatic birds. Additionally, there are 306 species of vascular plants, including 115 wetland plants.

Among these, two species—wild water chestnut (Trapa ncise) and water lily (Ottelia acuminata)—are classified as nationally protected level II plants. Eight species of animals are also classified as nationally protected level II, including the tiger-striped frog (Rana rugulosa), common house gecko (Gekko gecko), gray goose (Anser anser), common buzzard (Buteo buteo), and others. The wetland is notable for its high conservation value, serving as the largest population distribution site in China for the rare purple swamphen (Porphyrio porphyrio) and a habitat for many wintering birds. Additionally, the outflow of the lake is a migratory route and spawning area for the unique Dali splitfin (Schizothorax taliensis).

Development and Establishment

In December 2009, the State Forestry Administration approved the pilot construction of the national wetland park. By December 2015, the park successfully passed the assessment and verification by the State Forestry Administration and was officially named Yunnan Eryuan West Lake National Wetland Park.

How to Get There

To reach Yunnan Eryuan West Lake National Wetland Park, visitors can travel to Eryuan County from Dali City (大理市). The best option is to take a bus from Dali to Yousuo Town. Upon arrival in Yousuo, follow the local signs to the wetland park.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Spring and autumn are ideal for enjoying the natural beauty and observing wildlife.
• What to Bring: Binoculars for birdwatching, a camera for photography, and appropriate clothing for outdoor activities.
• Local Cuisine: Don’t miss trying local dishes in nearby villages, particularly those featuring fresh fish and Bai ethnic specialties.
• Respect Nature: Follow park guidelines to protect the natural environment and wildlife.

With its rich biodiversity and stunning landscapes, Yunnan Eryuan West Lake National Wetland Park offers visitors a unique glimpse into the natural and cultural beauty of the region.

Location: