Overview

The Qinghua Green Peafowl Nature Reserve (巍山青华绿孔雀自然保护区) is located in Weishan County (巍山县), Yunnan Province (云南省), specifically in Qinghua Township (青华乡) around Beiyin Qing (背阴箐), Huangjiafen (黄家坟), and Baoziwo (豹子窝). This reserve primarily aims to protect the green peafowl (绿孔雀, Pavo muticus), a nationally protected first-class species, as well as second-class protected species such as the white pheasant (白鹇, Lophura nycthemera), white-bellied golden pheasant (白腹锦鸡, Chrysolophus amherstiae), the Sumatran serow (苏门羚, Capricornis sumatraensis), and the pangolin (穿山甲, Manis pentadactyla), along with their habitats.

In 2022, staff from the Dali Weishan Qinghua Green Peafowl Provincial Nature Reserve Administration discovered the giant ibis (巨䴓) for the first time in the reserve during routine patrols. On November 30, 2023, the National Forestry and Grassland Administration announced that the Qinghua area of Weishan was included in the “Directory of Important Terrestrial Wildlife Habitats (First Batch).”

Key Information

• Chinese Name: 云南巍山青华绿孔雀自然保护区
• Location: Yunnan Weishan County Qinghua Township
• Climate: Subtropical monsoon climate
• Opening Hours: 9:00 AM – 5:00 PM
• Attraction Level: Provincial Nature Reserve
• Area: 1,000 hectares
• Protected Species:
  • Forest musk deer (林麝)
  • Black-necked long-tailed pheasant (黑颈长尾雉)
  • White pheasant (白鹇)
  • White-bellied golden pheasant (白腹锦鸡)
  • Wedge-tailed green pigeon (楔尾绿鸠)

Historical Background

The Qinghua Green Peafowl Nature Reserve was established in 1988 and upgraded to a provincial nature reserve in 1997. On November 30, 2023, the reserve’s importance was further highlighted by its inclusion in the National Directory of Important Terrestrial Wildlife Habitats.

Geographic Environment

Location

The reserve is situated in the Beiyin Qing, Huangjiafen, and Baoziwo areas of Qinghua Township, approximately 47 kilometers from Weishan County (巍山县) city center. It encompasses the village committees of Zhongyao, Xiyao, Yangjiang, and Yinchang, located between longitudes 100°11′35″ to 100°14′50″ and latitudes 24°49′45″ to 25°10′0″.

Geological Features

The reserve spans an area of 1,000 hectares, with the highest elevation reaching 2,010.2 meters and the lowest at 1,146 meters near Yangjiang. Major habitats for the green peafowl include Baoziwo, Huangjiafen, and Beiyin Qing.

Climate Conditions

The reserve features significant elevation variations, creating a distinct vertical climate. The average annual temperature ranges from 16 to 20°C, with annual precipitation between 600 to 800 millimeters and an aridity index of 1.44 to 1.83, indicating a dry to semi-dry climate.

Hydrology

The reserve is enriched with water resources, featuring the Longfeng River (龙凤河) and Zhongyao River (中窑河) flowing through it.

Soil Composition

The geology mainly consists of Mesozoic and Paleozoic strata, with significant areas of Mesozoic Jurassic and Paleozoic Triassic formations. The soil types include red soil and purple soil, with some areas having deep humus. Valley soils near the mountains are mostly yellow clay and black soil.

Conservation Objectives

The primary conservation targets of the reserve include:

• First-Class Protected Species:
  • Green Peafowl (Pavo muticus)
• Second-Class Protected Species:
  • White Pheasant (Lophura nycthemera)
  • White-bellied Golden Pheasant (Chrysolophus amherstiae)
  • Sumatran Serow (Capricornis sumatraensis)
  • Pangolin (Manis pentadactyla)

Management Regulations

To effectively manage the reserve, the following regulations have been established based on relevant laws such as the Environmental Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China, the Nature Reserve Regulations, and Yunnan’s Nature Reserve Regulations:

1. Hunting activities (including traps and nets) are strictly prohibited within the reserve.
2. Deforestation, land reclamation, charcoal burning, and lime production are not allowed, and grazing in green peafowl feeding areas is prohibited.
3. Violators of these regulations will face confiscation of hunting tools, fines, and possible escalation to higher authorities for severe cases.
4. Units and individuals contributing significantly to the protection of the green peafowl will receive government recognition and rewards.

These regulations have been in effect since October 2008.

Ecological Significance

The green peafowl is a highly precious large bird and is classified as a first-class protected species in China. Yunnan is the only province where green peafowls are found, primarily in the southwestern part of the province. Due to ecological changes and human hunting, the green peafowl population has dwindled, making it exceedingly rare in places like Xishuangbanna (西双版纳), which is known as the homeland of peacocks. Therefore, the existence of the Qinghua Green Peafowl Nature Reserve provides a crucial sanctuary for the green peafowl, holding significant importance for research and ecological balance.

How to Get There

• By Car: From Weishan County, head towards Qinghua Township, following the signs to the nature reserve. It is approximately a 47-kilometer drive.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: The ideal time for birdwatching is during the spring and autumn months when migratory birds are present.
• Bring Binoculars: For optimal viewing of wildlife, binoculars are highly recommended.
• Respect the Environment: Follow all guidelines to preserve the natural habitat and protect wildlife.
• Dress Comfortably: Wear comfortable clothing and sturdy footwear suitable for walking in natural terrain.

Overview

Yunnan Heqing Dongcao Sea National Wetland Park (Yúnnán Hèqìng Dōngcǎohǎi Guójiā Shīdì Gōngyuán, 云南鹤庆东草海国家湿地公园) is located in the northern part of Heqing County (Hèqìng Xiàn, 鹤庆县), Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture (Dàlǐ Bái Zìzhìzhōu, 大理白族自治州), Yunnan Province (Yúnnán Shěng, 云南省). The park covers a total area of 269.10 hectares, with 210.18 hectares classified as wetland, resulting in a wetland ratio of 78.10%. It was included in the National Forestry and Grassland Administration’s list of “National Wetland Parks Approved in 2020” on December 25, 2020.

Location and Management

• Geographical Location: Heqing County, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province.
• Area: 269.1 hectares.
• Management Authority: Dongcao Sea Wetland Park Protection Management Bureau (Dōngcǎohǎi Shīdì Gōngyuán Bǎohù Guǎnlǐjú, 东草海湿地公园保护管理局).
• Approval Date: December 25, 2013.

Geographic Environment

Location and Terrain

The park is situated within the ancient Tuntai Wetland area of the Dongcao Sea wetland. It is located in the northern part of Heqing County and is characterized by a flat terrain, with an average elevation of 2,193.8 meters. Heqing County is positioned east of the Yunling Mountain Range (Yúnlǐng Shānmài, 云岭山脉) and serves as a transition area between the northwest mountainous region of Yunnan and the central plateau.

Topography

Heqing County features a complex landscape with varying elevations, including significant mountains such as Ma’er Mountain (Mǎ’ér Shān, 马耳山), Dahei Mountain (Dàhēi Shān, 大黑山), Shibaoshan Mountain (Shíbǎoshān, 石宝山), and Jizu Mountain (Jīzú Shān, 鸡足山). The terrain descends in a staircase-like fashion from the northwest to the southeast, resulting in diverse landforms, including basins and valleys. The highest point is 3,958.4 meters at the summit of Ma’er Mountain, while the lowest is 1,162 meters at the Jinsha River (Jīnshā Jiāng, 金沙江) near Longkai K口 Town.

Hydrology

The eastern part of Dongcao Sea Wetland Park features the Yangong River (Yàngōng Jiāng, 漾弓江), while the northern and western sides have various water bodies, including Dalongtan, Shizhuang Longtan, and Bailongtan, which are crucial for the wetland’s groundwater replenishment. Major rivers within the park include Qingshui River (Qīngshuǐ Hé, 清水河), Wulong River (Wǔlóng Hé, 五龙河), and others, primarily sourcing their water from groundwater and precipitation.

Soil Composition

The soil within the park is lake deposit-based, consisting mainly of clay and silt. Some areas also contain peat clay and coal layers. The soil quality is generally uniform and well-sorted, forming after the draining of lake waters.

Climate Characteristics

The park is characterized by a high-altitude monsoon climate with dry winters and wet summers. It features distinct wet and dry seasons, with an average annual temperature of 13.8°C, annual precipitation of 997.3 mm, and an average sunshine duration of 2,293.6 hours.

Resource Overview

Plant Resources

The park is home to 64 families, 147 genera, and 184 species of vascular plants. Dominant families include Polygonaceae, Compositae, Potamogetonaceae, Cyperaceae, and Gramineae. The plant community reflects a transition from subtropical to tropical species.

Animal Resources

According to the Chinese Animal Geography classification, the Dongcao Sea area belongs to the East Asian–Southwest Region–Himalayan Subregion. The park and surrounding wetlands host 237 species of wildlife across 27 orders and 67 families.

Fish Species

There are 20 fish species recorded in the park, predominantly from the Cyprinidae family. Rare species include the Yunnan Schizothorax (Schizothorax yunnanensis), with common species such as grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio).

Amphibians

The wetlands are home to 10 species of amphibians, primarily frogs.

Reptiles

There are 5 species of reptiles recorded, mainly from the colubrid family.

Bird Species

A total of 192 bird species belong to 16 orders and 46 families, representing 14.67% of the total bird species in China. Notably, the black stork (Ciconia nigra) is a nationally protected species in the park.

Mammals

The park has 10 species of mammals across 4 orders and 6 families, with common species including the field mouse (Microtus fortis) and yellow weasel (M. sibirica).

Development and Construction

The planning and construction period for the wetland park was from 2013 to 2020, divided into three functional areas: ecological conservation area, restoration area, and rational use area.

How to Get There

• By Bus: From Dali City (Dàlǐ Shì, 大理市), take a bus to Heqing County. Local transportation options are available to reach the park.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Spring and autumn provide the best weather for exploring the park.
• Photography: Capture the stunning landscapes and wildlife, but be mindful of any restrictions.
• Local Cuisine: Try local Heqing dishes at nearby eateries to enrich your travel experience.
• Respect Nature: Follow park guidelines to preserve the delicate wetland ecosystem.

Dongcao Sea National Wetland Park is not only a vital ecological site but also a haven for biodiversity, making it a must-visit for nature lovers and environmental enthusiasts.

Overview

The Shundang Cremation Tombs (顺荡火葬墓群) are a significant historical site located in Shundang Village (顺荡村), Baishi Town (白石镇), Yunlong County (云龙县), Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture (大理白族自治州), Yunnan Province (云南省). Recognized as a key cultural relic, these tombs date back to the Ming Dynasty (明代) and were officially listed as a National Key Cultural Relic Protection Unit by the State Council of the People’s Republic of China on March 5, 2013.

Location and Size

• Geographical Location: Shundang Village, Baishi Town, Yunlong County, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China.
• Historical Period: Ming Dynasty.
• Protection Level: National Key Cultural Relic Protection Unit.
• Area: Approximately 15,000 square meters.

Historical Background

The earliest inscriptions found at the Shundang Cremation Tombs date back to the sixth year of the Yongle reign (永乐六年, 1408 AD) and the latest to the first year of the Wanli reign (万历元年, 1573 AD). In 1974, cremation urns were discovered during construction activities at Shundang Primary School. The tombs are an important site for the study of ancient customs and ethnic cultures.

Structure and Features

The tombs are oriented from west to east and arranged in a step-like fashion. There are approximately 1,000 cremation tombs and 85 Sanskrit inscriptions, alongside 7 Sanskrit steles. Each burial site typically consists of two chambers, with the main chamber containing the cremation urn and the side chamber for accompanying vessels. The urns are mostly grayish-white ceramic, standing about 30-40 cm tall and often contain burial items such as jade rings and copper swords.

Inscriptions and Artifacts

The inscriptions include numerous Sanskrit carvings, which are crucial for the study of ancient Chinese culture and language. The largest stele measures 1.03 meters in height and 38 centimeters in width. The base of the stele often features intricate designs of mythical creatures, lotus flowers, and other symbols of Buddhism.

Cultural Significance

The Shundang Cremation Tombs are notable for:

1. Chronological Documentation: The tombs provide a clear chronological record through inscriptions that span various reigns of the Ming Dynasty.
2. Sanskrit Inscriptions: They contain a wealth of Sanskrit inscriptions, making them vital for the study of the history of Sanskrit in China.
3. Artistic Value: The tombs are renowned for their artistic craftsmanship, showcasing diverse styles and intricate designs.
4. Ethnic Culture: The inscriptions offer insight into local ethnic cultures, enriching the understanding of historical social practices.

Preservation Efforts

• 1987: Designated as a county-level cultural relic protection unit by Yunlong County People’s Government.
• 1988: Listed as a key provincial cultural relic by Dali Prefecture Government.
• 2003: Recognized as a key provincial cultural relic by Yunnan Provincial Government.
• 2013: Added to the national list of key cultural relic protection units.

How to Get There

To reach the Shundang Cremation Tombs, you can drive from Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture via the Hanyi Expressway (杭瑞高速), then take the Dayangyun Expressway (大漾云高速) and G215 highway to Shundang Village. The total distance is approximately 200 kilometers.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Spring and autumn offer the most pleasant weather for exploration.
• Guided Tours: Consider hiring a local guide to gain deeper insights into the historical context and significance of the tombs.
• Cultural Respect: When visiting, be respectful of the site as it holds significant cultural and historical importance.

Overview

The Tomb of Du Wenxiu (Dàlǐ Dù Wénxiù Mù) is situated in Xiaduo Village (下兑村), Qiliqiao Township (七里桥乡), Dali City (大理市), Yunnan Province (云南省). Constructed in 1917 by Zhang Zhixun (张志勋), Du Wenxiu’s son-in-law, the tomb is notable for its rectangular side and near-square front, oriented north-south. It measures approximately 1.7 meters in length, 0.7 meters in width, and the tombstone stands about 0.4 meters tall and 0.3 meters wide. The top of the tomb features a stone-carved roof, with sides made of Dali linen stone (大理麻布石).

Key Information

• Chinese Name: 大理杜文秀墓
• Location: 云南省大理市七里桥乡下兑村
• Area: 1400 m²
• Protection Level: Yunnan Provincial Key Cultural Relic Protection Unit
• Year Established: 1917

Historical Background

In 1956, the Dali County People’s Government (大理县人民政府) renovated Du Wenxiu’s tomb, erecting a new tombstone inscribed with “杜文秀之墓” (“Tomb of Du Wenxiu”) in large characters, accompanied by smaller inscriptions stating, “原命生于道光癸未年十月初八日；大限卒于同治壬申年十一月廿六日.” This indicates that Du Wenxiu was born on October 8, 1823, and died on November 26, 1872, at the age of 49. During renovations from 1984 to 1985, the original tomb was encased in a square structure measuring 10 meters on each side and 1.5 meters high, topped with an Islamic-style domed roof made of bluestone, reaching a total height of 5.7 meters. The tombstone bears the inscription “总统兵马大元帅杜文秀墓” (“Tomb of President General Du Wenxiu”), and the rear features an Arabic inscription, with a preface and renovation record by Mr. Bai Shouyi (白寿彝) in front of the tomb. The site is enclosed by walls on the south, east, and west, covering an area of 1400 square meters. In January 1983, the tomb was designated as a second batch of key cultural relic protection units by the Yunnan Provincial Government (云南省人民政府).

Commemorative Significance

Du Wenxiu (杜文秀) was selected as “President General” by the Muslim community during the Taiping Rebellion (太平天国运动) in 1856, leading a multi-ethnic uprising against the Qing Dynasty (清朝) in western Yunnan. Under his leadership, the insurgents captured 53 cities in the region, implementing strict military discipline, agricultural development, and tax reductions while promoting ethnic unity. However, following the failure of the Taiping Rebellion, the Qing government concentrated its forces against Dali. To rescue the besieged city, Du Wenxiu commanded an army of 100,000 towards Kunming (昆明), but due to poor military strategy and increasing Qing reinforcements, they were forced to retreat. On November 26, 1872, facing imminent defeat and the threat of massacre for the civilians, Du Wenxiu and his family committed suicide, taking poison and ending his life at the age of 49. His 18-year leadership in the peasant uprising ultimately came to an end.

Architectural Features

The structure of Du Wenxiu’s tomb features a rectangular side and a nearly square front, oriented north-south. The tombstone stands about 0.4 meters tall and 0.3 meters wide. The roof is stone-carved, and the sides are constructed from Dali linen stone. The tomb was renovated by the Dali County People’s Government in 1956, and the tombstone inscription emphasizes Du Wenxiu’s legacy. During renovations from 1984 to 1985, the original tomb was encased in a 10-meter square, 1.5-meter-high tomb, further topped with an Islamic-style dome, bringing the total height to 5.7 meters. The tombstone bears the inscription “总统兵马大元帅杜文秀墓” (Tomb of President General Du Wenxiu), and there are additional inscriptions in Arabic and a historical record by Bai Shouyi.

Location

The Tomb of Du Wenxiu is located in Xiaduo Village, Qiliqiao Township, Dali City, Yunnan Province.

How to Get There

• By Car: From Dali City, drive to Qiliqiao Township. Follow local signs to Xiaduo Village, where the tomb is located.
• Public Transport: Buses run from Dali to various towns in Heqing County (鹤庆县), with local transport available to reach Xiaduo Village.

Travel Tips

1. Best Time to Visit: The tomb is open year-round, but visiting during cooler months can provide a more pleasant experience.
2. Respect the Site: As a cultural heritage site, maintain respectful behavior and avoid littering.
3. Photography: Capture the beautiful surroundings, but ensure you are not disturbing any memorials or other visitors.
4. Local Cuisine: Consider trying local Bai cuisine in nearby areas to enrich your cultural experience.
5. Plan Ahead: Check local travel guides or websites for any updates on accessibility or potential events at the site.

Visiting the Tomb of Du Wenxiu offers a unique glimpse into the history and culture of the region, along with a deep respect for the legacy of a prominent historical figure.

Introduction

The General Zhu Baozhong Memorial Museum (周保中将军纪念馆) is located in Wanqiao Village (湾桥村), Wanqiao Town (湾桥镇), Dali City (大理市), Yunnan Province (云南省). Originally the residence of General Zhu Baozhong (周保中), a key military leader in modern Chinese history, this museum honors his life, contributions, and the historical context of his actions. The original house was tragically destroyed by fire in 1954. A reconstruction was completed in 1994, covering 16.9 acres and featuring various elements to enhance visitor experience.

Facilities

The museum complex consists of:

• Exhibition Halls: Featuring displays that tell the story of General Zhu’s life and military achievements.
• Statues: Commemorative sculptures that honor his legacy.
• Simulated Residence: A replica of his home, providing insight into his personal life.
• Main Entrance: A grand entryway welcoming visitors.

The museum also includes well-maintained gardens and pathways, enhancing the visitor experience with a peaceful and reflective environment.

Life of General Zhu Baozhong

Zhu Baozhong (周保中) was born in 1902 in Wanqiao Town, Dali City. He joined the army at 15 and became involved in significant military movements, including:

• National Protection Movement: Participated actively, gaining recognition for his skills.
• Northern Expedition: Achieved notable victories and was promoted to deputy division commander.
• Chinese Communist Party: Joined in 1927 during the tumultuous period of the Great Revolution.

Leadership in the Anti-Japanese War

In 1931, he was appointed as the commander and political commissar of the Second Route Army of the Anti-Japanese Allied Army (抗日联军), where he fought against the Japanese Kwantung Army and the puppet government forces for 14 years. His strategic leadership helped to unify various ethnic groups in the region during the conflict.

After Japan’s defeat in 1945, he continued to play a vital role in the liberation of Northeast China, contributing significantly to the anti-Japanese resistance and subsequent revolutionary struggles.

Contributions Post-1949

After the establishment of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, Zhu was given critical responsibilities, including:

• Deputy Director of the Military Control Committee in Kunming (昆明市军事管制委员会).
• Vice Chairman of the Yunnan Provincial Government (云南省人民政府).
• Chairman of the Political and Legal Committee of the Southwest Military and Political Committee.

He was honored with various medals for his dedication and service, including the First-Class August 1st Medal (一级八一勋章) and others.

Memorial Museum Features

The museum hosts a rich collection of materials, including:

• Photographs: 120 images showcasing key moments in Zhu’s life.
• Artifacts: Over 90 physical items, including military uniforms, awards, and personal belongings.
• National-Level Cultural Relics: Eight items recognized for their historical significance.

In 1998, the Dali Prefecture Museum (大理州博物馆) undertook renovations to enhance the exhibitions, ensuring a well-curated experience for visitors.

In 2012, the museum was renamed to honor the 110th anniversary of General Zhu’s birth, solidifying its place in the narrative of Chinese revolutionary history.

Recognition

The General Zhu Baozhong Memorial Museum has received several honors:

• Designated a cultural heritage site by the Yunnan Provincial Government in June 1987.
• Recognized as a patriotic education base by the Yunnan Provincial Party Office in 1996 and 2009.
• Named a national model base for patriotic education by the Central Propaganda Department in September 2019.
• Designated as a red educational site for retired cadres in Yunnan in December 2022.

How to Get There

Transportation Options

1. By Bus: Regular bus services run from Dali City to Wanqiao Town. Check local schedules for the most convenient times.
2. By Taxi: Taxis are available throughout Dali City, and the ride to the museum takes approximately 30-40 minutes.
3. By Self-Driving: If you prefer driving, rent a car in Dali and follow the signs to Wanqiao Town. The scenic route offers beautiful views of the countryside.

Travel Tips

1. Opening Hours: Confirm the museum’s hours ahead of your visit. They may vary seasonally.
2. Guided Tours: Consider booking a guided tour for a more in-depth understanding of General Zhu’s life and historical significance.
3. Local Cuisine: After your visit, explore nearby eateries to sample local Yunnan cuisine, known for its rich flavors and fresh ingredients.
4. Cultural Etiquette: Maintain a respectful demeanor throughout your visit, especially in memorial areas.
5. Photography Guidelines: While photography is generally allowed, be aware of specific areas where it might be restricted. Always ask if unsure.
6. Souvenirs: Look for books or items related to General Zhu Baozhong’s history to take home as mementos of your visit.

By exploring the General Zhu Baozhong Memorial Museum, visitors gain valuable insights into a pivotal figure in Chinese history and the broader context of revolutionary movements in the 20th century.

Overview

Cangshan Shenci Temple (苍山神祠) is situated about 2000 meters west of Dali Ancient City (大理古城) in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture (大理白族自治州), Yunnan Province (云南省). Nestled at the southern foot of Zhonghe Peak (中和峰) of Cangshan Mountain (苍山), the temple faces Zhongxi River (中溪) and is bordered by the mountains to the west and north. Originally constructed during the Nanzhao period (南诏), the temple features renovations from the Qing Dynasty (清) during the Jiaqing (嘉庆) and Daoguang (道光) reigns.

Cangshan Shenci Temple holds historical significance as the site of the alliance between Nanzhao and the Tang Dynasty (唐朝). The complex includes a gate tower, a main hall, and two side pavilions, covering an area of 1411 square meters, designed in a traditional quadrangle layout. The main hall consists of five bays, with a hipped roof measuring 14 meters in length, 8 meters in height, and 10.3 meters in depth. The gate tower features a single-eave hard roof, with a width of 10.2 meters and a depth of 7 meters, also accommodating a stage at the back.

Historical Significance

Cangshan Shenci Temple is recognized as a witness to historical events that reflect ethnic unity and national integrity. In September 1985, the Dali Municipal People’s Government designated it as a key cultural relic protection unit at the municipal level. In December 1987, the Yunnan Provincial People’s Government recognized it as a key provincial-level cultural relic.

Historical Evolution

• Nanzhao Period: The temple was first established.
• Ming Dynasty: Rebuilt in the 7th year of Jiajing (1528) and again in the 31st year (1552).
• Qing Dynasty: Underwent significant restoration in the 31st year of Kangxi (1692) and during the Guangxu reign (1875-1908) after being damaged in the Xianfeng (1851-1861) and Tongzhi (1862-1874) periods.
• Republic of China: Restored in 1945 by local elites.
• 1988: Fundraising efforts led to further repairs by the community.

Architectural Layout

The architectural design of Cangshan Shenci Temple follows a quadrangle layout, featuring a gate tower, one main hall, and two side pavilions. The main hall’s central stone tablet, inscribed with “Chifu Diancang Zhaoming Zhengguo Lingdi Shenwei” (敕封点苍昭明镇国灵帝神位), emphasizes the temple’s cultural and historical importance.

The temple’s design includes:

• Main Hall:
  • Five-bay structure
  • Hipped roof design
  • Dimensions: 14 meters long, 8 meters high, and 10.3 meters deep.
• Gate Tower:
  • Single-eave hard roof
  • Width: 10.2 meters; Depth: 7 meters
  • Contains a stage at the back.

The temple serves as the local deity’s main temple for seven nearby villages outside the western gate of Dali Ancient City.

Cultural Relics

In 1947, the temple erected the “Stele of Renovation of Cangshan Temple” and the “Stele of the Enfeoffment of Diancang Zhaoming Zhengguo Lingdi,” both reflecting the temple’s significance in Nanzhao’s history. One notable inscription is a poem embedded in the temple’s corridor:

“钦哉姓名，金重九首；
正直居心，怒目张口；
原本武士，扶三尺剑；
漫说貌丑，蹈足舞手；
邪魔一见，掉头而走；
怯懦一见，汗下三斗。”

This poem depicts the upright character of Zhong Gan (钟尴), illustrating a virtuous and brave figure.

Additionally, an eastern wall bears a poem celebrating the region’s beauty:

“西南雄阔地，苍洱大名垂。
众壑雪同古，此峰云更奇。
神灵趋白帝，风雨下金支。
莫问劫尘事，仙人方弈棋。”

This verse praises the grandeur of Dali’s landscapes.

Cultural and Historical Context

Cangshan Shenci Temple is closely linked to the historical event known as the “Cangshan Alliance” (苍山会盟). According to tradition, the temple’s main deity is Du Guangting (杜光庭), who is said to have written the inscription on the “Dehua Stele” (德化碑). Historical texts indicate that during the Nanzhao period, the fifth king, Ge Luofeng (阁罗凤), experienced the devastating Tianbao War, which strained relations between the Tang and Nanzhao kingdoms.

In an effort to restore peace, the sixth king, Yi Moxun (异牟寻), sought to re-establish diplomatic relations with the Tang Dynasty. In 793, he dispatched envoys to Chang’an (长安) to negotiate peace, resulting in the signing of an alliance document, with copies placed at various locations, including Cangshan Shenci Temple.

Archaeological and Cultural Value

Cangshan Shenci Temple is not only a significant historical site but also a symbol of national unity and harmony among different ethnic groups in China. Its architectural and cultural relics provide insights into the region’s rich history and the interactions between the Tang Dynasty and the Nanzhao kingdom.

Travel Information

How to Get There

Cangshan Shenci Temple is accessible from Dali Ancient City. Visitors can take a taxi or rent a bike for a scenic ride through the picturesque landscapes. The approximate travel time is around 10-15 minutes by vehicle. For public transportation, local buses frequently operate between the ancient city and various attractions in the area.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Spring and autumn offer mild weather, making it ideal for exploring the temple and surrounding areas.
• Local Cuisine: Don’t miss trying local Dali dishes, such as “Crossing the Bridge Noodles” (过桥米线) and various mushroom dishes.
• Respect Local Customs: When visiting, be respectful of the temple’s religious significance and local traditions. Dress modestly and maintain a quiet demeanor.
• Photography: The temple’s architecture and the surrounding natural beauty provide excellent opportunities for photography. Be sure to capture the intricate details of the structures and the stunning views of Cangshan Mountain.

With its rich history, architectural beauty, and cultural significance, Cangshan Shenci Temple offers a captivating glimpse into the past and a serene environment for reflection and appreciation of Yunnan’s heritage.

The Former Residence of Wang Fusheng (王复生, Wáng Fùshēng) and Wang Desan (王德三, Wáng Désān) is a provincial-level key cultural relic protection site, a patriotic education base, and a “Red Heritage” on-site teaching base. It is located in Wangjiazhuang Village (王家庄村, Wángjiāzhuāng Cūn).

Historical Background

A plaque reading “Former Residence of Martyrs Wang Fusheng and Wang Desan” hangs above the entrance. Wang Fusheng and his brother Wang Desan were born in this courtyard in the late 19th century, where they left their childhood marks. In a time of turmoil, they emerged from this residence to become notable revolutionary martyrs in the history of the Chinese Communist Movement.

Location

• Address: Wangjiazhuang Village (王家庄村, Wángjiāzhuāng Cūn), Liu Factory Town (刘厂镇, Liú Chǎng Zhèn), Xiangyun County (祥云县, Xiángyún Xiàn), Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture (大理白族自治州, Dàlǐ Bái Zìzhìzhōu), Yunnan Province (云南省, Yúnnán Shěng).

The residence is a traditional wooden structure typical of Yunnan, featuring a main courtyard surrounded by a three-bay, double-eaved wooden building forming a Siheyuan (四合院, traditional courtyard house). The layout includes a typical “three rooms and a screen wall” (三坊一照壁, sān fáng yī zhàobì). The entire courtyard covers an area of about 640 square meters, with a construction area of approximately 1,200 square meters.

Pursuing Red Memories and Inheriting Red Spirit

Wang Fusheng was one of the 19 founders of China’s first Marxist research group, the Marxist Studies Association at Peking University (北京大学马克思学说研究会, Běijīng Dàxué Mǎkèsī Xuéshuō Yánjiūhuì), and he was the first member of the Communist Party of China (中国共产党, Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng) from Yunnan. His brother, Wang Desan, was a principal founder of the Shaanxi North Party organization, the first Secretary of the Yunnan Provincial Party Committee (云南省委员会, Yúnnán Shěng Wěiyuánhuì), and a pioneer in the liberation of Yunnan.

In recognition of their contributions, the residence was designated as a county-level cultural relic protection site in 1985. In November 1993, it was announced by the Yunnan Provincial Government as a key cultural relic protection site. In August 2009, the Yunnan Provincial Party Committee and Government designated it as a patriotic education base. In June 2012, it was listed as one of four on-site teaching bases for cadre education and training in the province.

Notable Figures

Wang Fusheng (王复生, Wáng Fùshēng)

• Born in 1896 in a scholarly family in Wangjiazhuang Village.
• In 1918, he excelled academically and entered the liberal arts preparatory program at Peking University (北京大学, Běijīng Dàxué).
• A key participant in the May Fourth Movement (五四运动, Wǔsì Yùndòng) on May 4, 1919.

Wang Desan (王德三, Wáng Désān)

• Born in 1898, he joined the Marxist Studies Association in 1921 and became a member of the Communist Party in 1922.
• He served as a political instructor at the Whampoa Military Academy (黄埔军校, Huángpǔ Jūnxiào) in Guangzhou.

In 1930, under extreme duress, Wang Desan was captured and, after 51 days in prison, was executed on December 31. He was only 32 years old at the time.

Cultural Significance

The residence serves as an educational site where government agencies and enterprises organize cadres and employees to explore the revolutionary legacy of the martyrs. Visitors reflect on the revolutionary spirit and commitment to the mission inspired by the lives of Wang Fusheng and Wang Desan.

How to Get There

Transportation Options

1. By Bus: There are local buses that connect Dali City (大理市, Dàlǐ Shì) to Xiangyun County. Check local schedules for convenience.
2. By Taxi: Taxis are available in Dali, taking approximately 1 hour to reach the residence.
3. By Car: Self-driving from Dali offers scenic views. Follow road signs to Wangjiazhuang Village.

Travel Tips

1. Opening Hours: Confirm the museum’s hours before your visit as they may vary.
2. Guided Tours: Consider a guided tour for deeper insights into the history and significance of the site.
3. Photography: While photography is generally allowed, check for restrictions in specific areas.
4. Local Cuisine: Explore nearby eateries for traditional Yunnan dishes.
5. Respectful Behavior: Maintain a respectful attitude, especially in memorial areas.
6. Plan Ahead: Ensure to allocate enough time for exploration and reflection during your visit.

Location:
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Chinese Name: 曼飞龙水库
Pinyin: Mànfēilóng Shuǐkù
Location: Jinghong City (景洪市, Jǐnghóng Shì), Xishuangbanna (西双版纳, Xīshuāngbǎnnà)

Overview

Manfeilong Reservoir was established in 1958 and features a dam height of 21.5 meters. With a total storage capacity of over 1,500 cubic meters, the reservoir is surrounded by lush greenery and has crystal-clear, clean waters. It is an ideal location for boating, swimming, and fishing, making it a perfect getaway spot for nature lovers and adventure seekers.

Environment and Activities

The picturesque surroundings of Manfeilong Reservoir provide a tranquil atmosphere, enhanced by shady trees that offer respite from the sun. The reservoir is equipped with various watercraft, including yachts, pedal boats, and bamboo rafts, catering to both relaxation and excitement. Each year, the reservoir also hosts dragon boat races, adding to the vibrant local culture.

Recommended Activities

1. Boating + Eagle Performance + Island Climbing
   Recommendation Level: ⭐⭐
2. Water Flying Dragon
   Recommendation Level: ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
3. Water Speed Racing
   Recommendation Level: ⭐⭐⭐⭐
4. Jet Ski Drifting
   Recommendation Level: ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
5. Water Flying Fish
   Recommendation Level: ⭐⭐⭐⭐
6. Banana Boat
   Recommendation Level: ⭐⭐⭐⭐
7. Pikachu Ride
   Recommendation Level: ⭐⭐⭐
8. Ultraman Ride
   Recommendation Level: ⭐⭐⭐
9. Wakeboarding
   Recommendation Level: ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
10. Mountain Off-Roading
    Recommendation Level: ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

How to Get There

Transportation Options

1. By Bus: Public buses run frequently between Jinghong City and the reservoir. Check local schedules for the best routes.
2. By Taxi: Taxis are available throughout Jinghong, and a ride to Manfeilong Reservoir takes about 20-30 minutes.
3. By Car: Renting a car provides the flexibility to explore the surrounding areas. Use GPS for accurate navigation.

Nearby Attractions

• Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden (西双版纳热带植物园, Xīshuāngbǎnnà Rèdài Zhíwùyuán): A beautiful garden showcasing the region’s rich biodiversity.
• Daweishan Mountain (大围山, Dàwéi Shān): Offers hiking trails and stunning views of the landscape.

Travel Tips

1. Reservation Discounts: It’s advisable to make reservations in advance for discounts on activities and rentals.
2. Sun Protection: Bring sunscreen and hats, as the sun can be quite strong.
3. Hydration: Keep hydrated, especially during outdoor activities.
4. Local Cuisine: Explore nearby food stalls and restaurants for authentic local dishes, such as Xishuangbanna grilled fish and fresh tropical fruits.
5. Respect Nature: Follow local guidelines to preserve the natural beauty of the reservoir and its surroundings.
6. Plan Activities: Check the availability of specific activities and book them early to ensure a spot.

Manfeilong Reservoir is a hidden gem in Xishuangbanna, perfect for a refreshing escape and thrilling water activities.

Chinese Name: 曼景兰旅游街
Pinyin: Mànjǐnglán Lǚyóu Jiē
Location: Jinghong City (景洪市, Jǐnghóng Shì), Xishuangbanna (西双版纳, Xīshuāngbǎnnà), Yunnan Province (云南省, Yúnnán Shěng)

Overview

Manjinglan Tourist Street is located in the southeast corner of Jinghong City and is part of the vibrant Manjinglan Village, which is home to nearly 200 households. This lively area has transformed into a unique tourist destination, featuring numerous traditional Dai (傣族, Dǎi) cuisine restaurants that provide an authentic dining experience for visitors.

The village is characterized by over 130 bamboo houses surrounded by Phoenix trees, mango trees, and ironwood, creating a beautiful landscape. The street is affectionately known as the “Ethnic Flavor Food Street,” with various ethnic restaurants lining both sides, inviting both tourists and locals to indulge in the diverse culinary offerings.

Culinary Delights

Here, you can savor authentic Dai dishes such as:

• Grilled Fish with Lemongrass (香茅草烤鱼)
• Chicken with Sour Bamboo Shoots (酸笋煮鸡)
• Fried Green Algae (油炸青苔)
• Sticky Rice in Bamboo (香竹饭)
• Pineapple Purple Rice (菠萝紫米饭)

Each dish promises an unforgettable taste experience. In addition to the delicious food, visitors can enjoy live performances, enhancing the dining experience with traditional song and dance.

Cultural Exploration

For those eager to delve into Dai culture, Manjinglan is an ideal destination. The customs and local traditions here allow visitors to experience the unique charm of the Dai people firsthand. The street is not only a culinary hotspot but also a cultural hub where you can appreciate the traditional performances of Zanha singers, immersing yourself in the rich cultural atmosphere.

Some restaurants also offer accommodation, providing a comfortable stay for both domestic and international tourists. This setting allows visitors to fully experience Dai culture and hospitality.

Additional Information

• Geographical Location: Yunnan Province, China
• Climate: Highland monsoon climate
• Opening Hours: 7:00 AM – 5:00 PM
• Attraction Level: AAA Level
• Entrance Fee: Free
• Notable Attractions Nearby: Manting Small Village (曼听小寨, Màntīng Xiǎozhài)
• Population: Approximately 200 households
• Country: China
• City: Jinghong City, Yunnan Province

How to Get There

Transportation Options

1. By Bus: Local buses frequently connect Jinghong City to Manjinglan, making it easy for visitors to reach the tourist street.
2. By Taxi: Taxis are readily available in Jinghong, and a ride to Manjinglan Tourist Street takes about 10-15 minutes.
3. By Car: Renting a car is another option, offering the flexibility to explore the surrounding attractions.

Nearby Attractions

• Manting Park (曼听公园, Màntīng Gōngyuán): A beautiful park featuring tropical plants and a serene environment.
• Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden (西双版纳热带植物园, Xīshuāngbǎnnà Rèdài Zhíwùyuán): Home to a vast collection of tropical flora.

Travel Tips

1. Reservations: Consider making reservations at restaurants in advance, especially during peak tourist seasons.
2. Cultural Etiquette: Familiarize yourself with Dai customs and etiquette to enhance your cultural experience.
3. Local Specialties: Don’t miss out on trying unique local snacks and dishes while exploring the street.
4. Hydration: Stay hydrated, particularly when sampling spicy Dai cuisine.
5. Photography: Capture the vibrant atmosphere and beautiful landscapes, but be respectful of locals and ask for permission if taking close-up photos.

Manjinglan Tourist Street offers a delightful blend of culinary experiences and cultural immersion, making it a must-visit destination for anyone traveling to Xishuangbanna.

Chinese Name: 西双版纳猴山
Pinyin: Xīshuāngbǎnnà Hóushān
Location: Jinghong City (景洪市, Jǐnghóng Shì), Xishuangbanna (西双版纳, Xīshuāngbǎnnà), Yunnan Province (云南省, Yúnnán Shěng)

Overview

Monkey Mountain is situated four kilometers from the urban area of Jinghong City and serves as the research and experimental base for the Yunnan Primate Center, which is part of China’s experimental animal program. This scenic area is home to 14 species of rare primates classified as first and second class national protected animals. It combines research, leisure, and tourism, making it a unique destination.

The mountain is located in the eastern outskirts of Jinghong, at the confluence of the Lancang River (澜沧江, Láncāng Jiāng) and the Liushahua River (流沙河, Liúshā Hé), adjacent to the historical site of the former Xuanwei Governor’s Office (勐泐故宫, Mènglè Gùgōng). The area emphasizes both the display of primates and historical cultural landscapes.

Attractions and Features

Visitors can enjoy a cable car ride, navigate thrilling rapids, and explore lush bamboo forests and ancient trees. The sounds of gibbons echo in the valleys, while birds sing among fragrant flowers, showcasing the harmonious relationship between humans and nature.

Primate Exhibits

The center features an exhibition garden for various primate species, including the Red-Faced Monkey (红面猴, Hóngmiànhóu) and the Gibbon (长臂猿, Chángbìyuán). The largest breeding facility for macaques in Asia houses over 4,000 Rhesus monkeys (恒河猴, Hénghéhóu) and Crab-Eating Macaques (食蟹猴, Shíxièhóu).

Family Experience

Children will delight in watching young monkeys play, climb trees, and frolic by the water. The sight of baby monkeys snuggling with their mothers evokes the universal bond of maternal love, reminiscent of human relationships. Visitors can also experience the wonder of the tropical rainforest environment, which, although humid and slippery, offers a captivating forest atmosphere.

Visitor Information

• Contact Number: 0691-2200159
• Duration: Recommended visit time is over 3 hours
• Entrance Fee: 20 Yuan
• Opening Hours: 08:00 AM – 05:00 PM; last admission at 05:00 PM (January 1 – December 31, daily)
• Location: Ronglin Avenue (榕林大道, Rónglín Dàdào), Jinghong City, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province

How to Get There

Transportation Options

1. By Bus: Public buses frequently connect Jinghong City to Monkey Mountain. Look for local bus routes heading east.
2. By Taxi: Taxis are readily available in the city, and a ride to Monkey Mountain takes about 10-15 minutes.
3. By Car: Renting a car provides the flexibility to explore nearby attractions at your own pace.

Nearby Attractions

• Former Xuanwei Governor’s Office (勐泐故宫, Mènglè Gùgōng): A historical site worth visiting for its cultural significance.
• Lancang River (澜沧江, Láncāng Jiāng): A scenic river ideal for leisurely walks and photography.

Travel Tips

1. Safety Precautions: Be cautious around monkeys, especially when feeding them. They may snatch food unexpectedly.
2. Weather Preparedness: The area can be humid and slippery, so wear appropriate footwear for walking.
3. Respect Wildlife: Observe the monkeys from a distance and avoid disturbing their natural behavior.
4. Photography: Capture the beauty of the landscape and the monkeys, but ensure to respect the animals and their habitat.
5. Cultural Respect: Be mindful of local customs and traditions when visiting the area.

Monkey Mountain offers a fascinating blend of wildlife observation and cultural exploration, making it a must-visit destination for anyone traveling to Xishuangbanna.

Chinese Name: 西双版纳勐仑镇绿石林森林公园 (勐仑植物园东区)
Pinyin: Xīshuāngbǎnnà Mènglún Zhèn Lǜshílín Sēnlín Gōngyuán (Mènglún Zhíwùyuán Dōngqū)
Location: Jinghong City (景洪市, Jǐnghóng Shì), Xishuangbanna (西双版纳, Xīshuāngbǎnnà), Yunnan Province (云南省, Yúnnán Shěng)

Overview

Lvshilin Forest Park is an integral part of the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, located within the boundaries of Jinghong City. Open all day, this forest park boasts an exceptional natural environment, which is linked to local legends, including that of the Fragrant Princess (香发公主, Xiāngfà Gōngzhǔ). It represents a quintessential example of tropical and seasonal rainforest ecosystems.

The park is known for its remarkable landscape, encapsulated in the phrase “Above are forests, below are stone forests.” This feature includes exposed rock formations adorned with a plethora of unique plant species and intertwined vines, creating a mesmerizing display of nature’s artistry. Notable features include strangler figs (绞杀植物, Jiǎoshā Zhíwù), stunning tree waterfalls (树瀑布, Shù Pùbù), massive buttresses (大板根, Dà Bǎngēn), and distinctive rock formations such as the Viewing River Rock (望江岩, Wàngjiāng Yán) and Wild Elephant Stone (野象石, Yěxiàng Shí).

Biodiversity

The park is a haven for wildlife, hosting numerous species, including the White Monkey (白猴, Bái Hóu), Long-Tailed Macaque (长尾叶猴, Chángwěi Yèhóu), White-Lipped Deer (白唇鹿, Báichún Lù), Bear Monkeys (熊猴, Xióng Hóu), and various species of birds. It boasts one of the richest biodiversity levels globally, with its forest coverage reaching 90%, earning it the title of “Natural Botanical Garden” (天然植物园, Tiānrán Zhíwùyuán).

Geographic Location

Lvshilin Forest Park is situated approximately 1 kilometer from the famous Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden (中科院热带植物园, Zhōngkēyuàn Rèdài Zhíwùyuán). The park’s design is influenced by the unique geographical environment and the rich cultural history of the local ethnic groups, creating a multifaceted tourist destination that embraces natural, ethnic, and modern elements.

Attractions

• Hutiao Ridge (虎眺岭, Hǔtiàolǐng): This scenic overlook consists of two low hills with steep surroundings, featuring a platform of over 50 square meters. Originally a scientific research base, it now serves as a viewpoint offering stunning vistas of HuLu Island (葫芦岛, Húlú Dǎo) and its botanical garden, the Lousuo River Hanging Bridge (罗梭江吊桥, Luósuō Jiāng Diàoqiáo), as well as the Menglun Dam (勐仑坝, Mènglún Bà). The clear waters of the river and the nearby Manhague Dai Village (曼哈阁傣族村寨, Mànhāgé Dǎizú Cūnzài) are also visible from this platform.
• Unique Rock Formations: The park features an array of limestone formations that have developed over time. Visitors can marvel at towering karst peaks, stone buds, and stone pillars that rise over 40 meters. The landscape includes formations that resemble various animals and objects, such as “Crocodile Emerging from a Hole” (鳄鱼出洞, Èyú Chū Dòng) and “Camel Peak” (骆驼峰, Luòtuó Fēng).
• Rainforest Experience: The tropical rainforest is a vital component of Lvshilin Forest Park. Visitors can encounter ancient banyan trees that blossom and bear fruit, known locally as “Old Stems Flowering” (老茎生花, Lǎo Jīng Shēng Huā). A particularly impressive banyan reaches over 30 meters in height, with its aerial roots cascading down the rocks, creating the enchanting “Banyan Waterfall” (榕树瀑布, Róngshù Pùbù).

Notable Flora and Fauna

• Four-Way Tree (四薮木, Sì Sòu Mù): This famous tree is recognized as the “King of Buttresses” due to its 11 plate-like roots covering over 500 square meters. The largest buttress is 7.3 meters wide, resembling a giant wooden plank leaning against the tree, making it a sight to behold.
• Diverse Ecosystems: The park’s varied terrain supports diverse ecosystems, from dry seasonal rainforests on the slopes to lush tropical rainforests in the valleys. The unique climate fosters a rich array of plant and animal life, enhancing the park’s allure.

Travel Information

How to Get There

1. By Bus: Frequent public bus services operate between Jinghong City and the park. Look for local bus routes that head towards Menglun.
2. By Taxi: Taxis are readily available throughout Jinghong City. A ride to Lvshilin Forest Park takes approximately 10-15 minutes from the city center.
3. By Car: Renting a car offers flexibility for exploring nearby attractions at your own pace.

Travel Tips

1. Wear Comfortable Footwear: The park’s terrain can be uneven, so sturdy shoes are essential for a comfortable experience.
2. Respect Wildlife: Maintain a safe distance from animals and do not disturb their habitats.
3. Stay Hydrated: Bring plenty of water, especially during warm weather, to stay refreshed while exploring.
4. Capture the Beauty: Don’t forget to bring a camera or smartphone to document the stunning landscapes and unique rock formations.
5. Check the Weather: Tropical weather can change rapidly; it’s wise to prepare for sudden rain or shifts in temperature.
6. Timing Your Visit: Consider visiting during weekdays to avoid crowds, allowing for a more tranquil experience in nature.

Overview

Manduan Temple (曼短佛寺), known in the Dai language as “Wǎlàzhātǎn”, is a prominent Buddhist temple located in Mankeng Village (曼恩村), Menghai County (勐海县), Xishuangbanna (西双版纳), Yunnan Province, China. Established in 312 in the Dai calendar (950 AD), the existing main hall is a beautiful structure from the Qing Dynasty, showcasing the rich heritage of Dai culture.

Location and Area

• Geographical Location: Menghai County, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China.
• Area: 1,828 m².

Historical Development

Manduan Temple was founded in 312 in the Dai calendar (950 AD) and has undergone multiple renovations, maintaining its significance as a Theravada Buddhist monastery. The current main hall, a Qing Dynasty relic, serves as a testament to the temple’s enduring legacy.

Architectural Features

Manduan Temple is oriented west to east and consists of several key components, including:

• Gate Pavilion (门亭)
• Buddha Shrine (佛版)
• Precept Hall (戒堂)
• Stupa (佛塔)
• Monk’s Quarters (僧舍)
• Drum Room (鼓房)

Main Hall

The main hall is the temple’s focal point, featuring a longitudinal layout divided into four sections, extending deep with eight chambers. The architectural style embodies the essence of ancient Dai building techniques and cultural heritage.

Design Elements

The roof structure is intricately designed, showcasing multiple eaves supported by beautifully sculpted wooden dragon pillars. The roof’s curvature and decorative tiles enhance its aesthetic appeal, while the eaves are adorned with various colorful ornaments, such as pagoda-shaped and flame-shaped glass decorations.

Inside, the temple houses a seated statue of Shakyamuni Buddha (释迦牟尼佛), surrounded by intricate carvings of dragons, phoenixes, and other auspicious symbols on the beams and columns.

Cultural Significance

Manduan Temple has been recognized for its cultural heritage, being listed as a key national cultural relic protection unit by the State Council of the People’s Republic of China on May 25, 2006. This status highlights its importance in preserving Dai culture and history.

Artistic Heritage

Inside the main hall, there is a 2-meter-high Buddha altar featuring a large seated Buddha coated in gold powder. The walls display Dai (傣) language banners known as “Dǒng”, intricately woven with beautiful patterns, serving as a tribute from the living to the deceased.

Murals and Literature

The walls are adorned with classical murals depicting scenes from the Buddha’s Life (佛本生经) and various mythical creatures, alongside a collection of Buddhist scriptures and folklore housed in a “Hóngtǎn” (藏经室). This room contains numerous hand-copied Buddhist texts and local literature related to Buddhism.

Name Origin

The name “Manduan” reflects the temple’s antiquity and architectural beauty. “Manduan” is derived from a Dai village name, where “man” means village, and “duan” refers to observing. According to legend, a notable Dai general instructed villagers to observe a hive of precious bees, leading to the name’s origin. The temple’s proximity to the village further cements its connection to local culture.

Research Value

The temple’s architectural style and decorative arts are a concentrated reflection of ancient Dai building techniques and cultural heritage, making it a valuable site for researchers studying the history of Buddhism in Yunnan.

Travel Information

Location

Manduan Temple is situated in Mankeng Village (曼恩村), Menghai County, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China.

How to Get There

The Menghai County Government is located approximately 7 kilometers from Manduan Temple. Visitors can drive or take a local taxi to reach the temple easily.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: The ideal time to visit is during the dry season, from October to March, when the weather is pleasant and conducive for sightseeing.
• Local Etiquette: Dress modestly and respectfully when visiting the temple, as it is a sacred place of worship. Remove your shoes before entering.
• Guided Tours: Consider joining a guided tour to fully appreciate the temple’s history, architecture, and cultural significance. Local guides can provide deeper insights into the temple’s practices and traditions.
• Photography: Photography is often allowed, but be mindful of other visitors and the sacred atmosphere.
• Cultural Experiences: Engage with local customs, such as participating in offerings or observing traditional ceremonies when available.