Location

Yongguo Temple (Yǒngguó Sì, 永国寺) is situated in the scenic area of Shanyang Town, Yongping County, Dali (大理), Yunnan Province (云南省), China. It lies on the hillside of Bonan Mountain (博南山), approximately 30 kilometers southwest of Yongping City (永平县).

Historical Background

Originally named Ningxi Zen Temple (宁西禅寺), Yongguo Temple was established in the early Ming Dynasty (明朝). It served as a prominent religious site along the ancient Bonan Road (博南古道), which was a crucial route during its peak.

Overview

Brief Introduction

Yongguo Temple has a rich history that flourished during the Ming and Qing Dynasties (明清), becoming a major site for Buddhist worship. The renowned scholar Yang Sheng’an (杨升庵) frequented the temple during his exile and composed poetry there, contributing to its cultural significance. In honor of Yang, a memorial hall was built on Bonan Mountain.

Notable Quotations

A couplet written by Zhao Fan (赵藩) commemorates Yang Sheng’an: “自号博南山人，唱酬遥寄张公子；
地近宁西禅寺，英魂常依李晋王。”
(“Self-named as a man of Bonan Mountain, sending poetic responses to Young Master Zhang;
Close to Ningxi Zen Temple, the heroic soul often lingers by Li Jingwang.”)

Significance of Li Jingwang

Li Jingwang (李定国), a famous general known for resisting the Qing Dynasty, once took refuge at Yongguo Temple during the late Ming period. He fought battles in the vicinity as he fled westward with the Yongli Emperor (永历皇帝). A memorial tablet within the temple records his presence.

Architectural Features

Yongguo Temple originally featured five courtyards, with grand architecture and exquisite details. The temple housed a significant bronze statue of Buddha, approximately two zhang tall (over 6 meters), symbolizing the temple’s grandeur.

The Legendary Ancient Camellias

Within the temple grounds are two ancient “Dali Tea” (大理茶) camellia trees, believed to be planted by the Yongli Emperor (永历帝). These trees are of historical significance as they are considered the mother trees of the Dali tea flower variety. The right camellia tree uniquely produces “tree milk,” a rare phenomenon.

Characteristics of the Camellias

The camellias bloom profusely, showcasing large, vibrant red flowers that can reach up to 22 centimeters in diameter, making them one of the most precious varieties in Yunnan.

Travel Information

How to Get There

Yongguo Temple is accessible via rough terrain, requiring a four-wheel-drive vehicle due to its steep and bumpy paths. The temple is located near Shanyang Town, and visitors may need to navigate through rural roads from Yongping City.

Travel Tips

1. Best Time to Visit: Spring, when the camellias bloom, is the ideal season to experience the temple’s beauty.
2. Preparation: Given the temple’s remote location, ensure your vehicle is in good condition and consider traveling with a local guide familiar with the area.
3. Cultural Respect: As a place of worship, visitors should dress modestly and respect the local customs.
4. Photography: Capture the stunning landscape and ancient camellias but be mindful of other visitors and worshippers.

Yongguo Temple not only offers spiritual enrichment but also a glimpse into the historical and cultural tapestry of Yunnan Province. Its unique flora and rich heritage make it a worthwhile destination for travelers seeking both tranquility and adventure.

Overview

The Jade Emperor Pavilion (玉皇阁) is located in Yongzeng Village (永增村), Xinjie Town (新街镇), Midu County (弥渡县), Yunnan Province (云南省). Originally constructed in the tenth year of the Yongzheng reign (雍正十年, 1731 AD), it underwent significant expansion in the second year of the Guangxu reign (光绪二年, 1876 AD) with funds raised by twenty villages. The expansion was completed in the third year of Guangxu (光绪三年, 1877 AD), earning it the nickname “Twenty Village Jade Emperor Pavilion” (二十村玉皇阁).

Historical Significance

The Jade Emperor Pavilion is a significant cultural relic, recognized as a Provincial Cultural Heritage Site by Yunnan Province. Covering an area of 3,866 square meters, with a construction area of 1,400 square meters, it features a complex architectural layout typical of Qing Dynasty (清) buildings, characterized by a three-courtyard axial arrangement. The site is described as “majestic,” with “towering structures that lock in the feng shui of twenty villages and provide a view of the beautiful scenery of the Midu Basin (弥川).”

In 1983, it was designated as a cultural protection unit at the county level, and in 1998, it was recognized as a provincial cultural protection unit, making it one of the three provincial-level protected sites in Midu County.

Architectural Features

The Yongzeng Jade Emperor Pavilion is a well-preserved Taoist architectural complex, nestled against the mountains and facing the Midu Basin. The layout is symmetrical along a central axis, comprising three courtyards:

1. First Courtyard: Features the mountain gate and theater—front hall with side halls to the north and south.
2. Second Courtyard: Home to the Jade Emperor Pavilion (楼阁) along with additional side rooms.
3. Third Courtyard: Consists of the main hall, ancestral hall, and two side yards housing the Dragon Shrine (龙祠).

The architectural design cleverly integrates the mountain gate and theater, creating a harmonious structure. The theater serves as a place of entertainment for the gods, creating a visual connection with the Jade Emperor Pavilion. The pavilion rises dramatically toward the sky, with a three-tiered roof transitioning from four to six corners, showcasing complex and exquisite structural design. The rear courtyard features an octagonal Dragon Pool (龙池), reflecting the Taoist Bagua (八卦) orientation. This entire ensemble represents a balance of yin and yang, forming the “eye” of the Taiji (太极).

As a historical structure, the Yongzeng Jade Emperor Pavilion embodies the social development and changes over hundreds of years, showcasing the exquisite architectural artistry of the Dali region and the wisdom of ancient craftsmen. It is regarded as a precious pearl in the cultural heritage of China.

Cultural Importance

The pavilion, also known as the Twenty Village Jade Emperor Pavilion, is composed of one main shrine, two side halls, one pavilion, six side rooms, three main halls, and includes the mountain gate and internal theater. Initially, only a Dragon Shrine and two side rooms were built. By the second year of Guangxu (光绪二年, 1876 AD), the complex was expanded through the collective funding of twenty villages and completed in 1877 (光绪三年). Despite suffering through several calamities, the structure has been preserved. It was recognized as a second batch cultural protection unit at the county level by the Midu County People’s Government in 1983, and as a fifth batch provincial cultural protection unit by the provincial government in 1998.

Location

• Address: Yongzeng Village, Xinjie Town, Midu County, Dali Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China.

How to Get There

To visit the Jade Emperor Pavilion, you can travel from Dali City (大理市) to Midu County. The most convenient way is to take a bus or drive, which takes approximately 1 hour. Follow signs to Xinjie Town and then to Yongzeng Village.

Travel Tips

1. Best Time to Visit: Spring and autumn are ideal for comfortable weather and clear views.
2. Cultural Etiquette: Respect local customs and traditions while visiting the site.
3. Photography: The architecture and surrounding scenery provide excellent photo opportunities, so bring a camera.
4. Dress Appropriately: Wear comfortable shoes suitable for walking around the site.
5. Local Cuisine: Try local dishes in nearby villages to enhance your cultural experience.

The Jade Emperor Pavilion is not only an architectural marvel but also a significant cultural heritage site, providing insight into the history and traditions of the region.

Overview

Taiji Mountain (太极山) is located in the picturesque town of Mizhi Township (密祉乡), approximately 30 kilometers southwest of Midu County (弥渡县) in Yunnan Province (云南省). Historical records suggest that Taiji Mountain was established during the end of the Qin Dynasty (秦末) and the beginning of the Han Dynasty (汉初), with its development continuing through the Tang (唐), Song (宋), Yuan (元), and flourishing during the Ming (明) and Qing Dynasties (清).

Transportation Routes

To reach Taiji Mountain, start from Midu County and head south along Xianglin Highway (祥临公路) to Mizhi Langqingkou (密祉郎箐口). Enter Mizhi Township and take the winding asphalt road, which takes about half an hour to reach the township government. From there, a scenic tourist road extends over ten kilometers to Taiji Mountain, winding through lush forests. A nearly 1,000-meter-long stone path, constructed with local red sandstone slabs, ascends from the foot to the peak of the mountain, blending seamlessly with the terrain. The fresh air and cool mist envelop the path, creating a tranquil atmosphere.

Tourist Resources

Taiji Mountain features thirteen peaks and twelve streams, with a diverse and lush ecosystem boasting nearly 100% forest coverage. The natural scenery changes dramatically with the seasons: in spring, the flowers bloom and the azaleas shine; summer brings verdant landscapes and rolling waves of green; autumn colors the leaves with frost; and winter blankets the peaks in snow, resembling northern landscapes. Its unique geography and rich biodiversity make it an excellent destination for outdoor activities.

With an elevation of 2,600 meters, the lower slopes are covered with cultivated Yunnan pine, while the higher elevations retain original forest ecosystems. This pristine environment hosts expansive wild azalea forests and rare species, such as the unique pointed azalea and the precious Ma Ying azalea, complemented by the sounds of birds and flowers in bloom.

Scenic Highlights

Taiji Peak (太极顶)

Taiji Peak is the highest point of Taiji Mountain, standing at 3,061.4 meters. It offers breathtaking natural scenery and rich cultural landmarks, steeped in history. The peak is home to 23 temples and pavilions that reflect a diverse cultural tapestry, accommodating Confucianism (儒), Buddhism (释), and Taoism (道), and passing down ancient traditions.

Zhuanshi Pavilion (转石阁)

Atop Taiji Peak, the Zhuanshi Pavilion stands as a testament to time, believed to collect the essence of the sun and moon and the spirit of the earth. It is said that brave visitors who walk around it three times can extend their lifespan.

Osmanthus Valley (桂花箐)

Flowing down from Taiji Mountain, the melodious sound of water awakens visitors. A crystal-clear spring flows down from the cliffs near the osmanthus trees, merging into the beautiful Wanhuaxi River (万花溪) below. This enchanting river is celebrated in poetry: “桂洒银雨游人醉，五彩灵泉万花溪” (The osmanthus rains silver, intoxicated travelers; the colorful spring flows into Wanhuaxi).

Local Cuisine

The local dining experience includes the famous “Mizhi Tofu” (密祉豆腐), prepared using spring water from the area, alongside a banquet of organic wild vegetables. Some specialties include:

• Wild Stinging Nettle (野荨麻菜): Beneficial for gastrointestinal health.
• Bitter Buckwheat Greens (苦荞菜): A unique flavor that cools the body.
• Thorny Tree Buds (刺树头菜): Known for their refreshing and anti-inflammatory properties.
• Mountain Celery (山芹菜): Fragrant and pleasantly sweet.
• Langlou Mei (郎搂妹): Nourishing and suitable for both men and women.
• Wild Fish Mint (鱼腥草): A popular side dish.

How to Get There

To visit Taiji Mountain, travel by bus or drive from Dali City (大理市) to Midu County. From Midu, follow the signs to Mizhi Township. The journey takes about 1 to 1.5 hours, with scenic views along the way.

Travel Tips

1. Best Time to Visit: Spring and autumn are ideal for pleasant weather and beautiful landscapes.
2. Local Activities: Enjoy hiking, birdwatching, and photography in the natural surroundings.
3. Cultural Respect: Engage respectfully with local traditions and communities.
4. Pack Accordingly: Bring comfortable shoes and attire suitable for hiking.
5. Health Precautions: Stay hydrated and acclimate to the altitude gradually.

Overview

Tianshengqiao (天生桥), located about four kilometers southeast of Midu County (弥渡县), is a stunning natural attraction comprised of the natural bridge itself, East Cliff (东峙壁), West Cliff (西峙壁), and Longtan (龙潭). This scenic area is recognized as a protected site of natural beauty.

Scenic Description

The Tianshengqiao Natural Bridge is situated in a valley east of Midu City, where two cliffs rise dramatically, resembling a gateway. The Wanhuaxi River (万花溪) flows below, with a massive rock arching across the cliffs, forming a bridge that stands 30 meters high, 17 meters wide, and with a 7-meter diameter archway. The bridge spans 21 meters in length and has been celebrated in poetry as “the unparalleled bridge of the world” (天下无双境，人间第一桥). The renowned poet Mo Ruo (莫若) remarked, “the first bridge under heaven, a scenery like no other,” capturing the admiration of countless scholars and travelers over the centuries who have marveled at its wonder.

In 1984, the Midu County People’s Government designated Tianshengqiao as a scenic area, establishing facilities such as the Laojun Hall (老君殿), Cross-Bridge (过街桥), and Guanyin Pavilion (观音阁) for visitors to enjoy. The annual temple fair on the 15th day of the second lunar month attracts thousands of visitors and pilgrims, creating a vibrant atmosphere.

Legends and Myths

If the Tianshengqiao scenic area is likened to a piano concerto, then the natural bridge is its most captivating movement. Local legend tells of a couple who sacrificed their lives in the fight against evil forces, transforming into the bridge. This beautiful myth expresses the community’s yearning for a better life. The area is rich in limestone, shaped by geological movements, resulting in a remarkable formation that resembles a gigantic pen arching across the landscape, symbolizing the resilience and grandeur of nature.

Visitors ascending the bridge may feel as if they are soaring through the clouds, experiencing a profound connection to life and nature. The Wanhuaxi River flows gently in spring, while in summer it transforms into a roaring dragon, illustrating the area’s dynamic beauty across the seasons.

Major Attractions

• East Cliff (东峙壁): Carved dramatically, with prominent features such as Five Elder Stones (五老石), Immortal’s Bed (仙人床), and Guanyin Hall (观音殿), creating breathtaking views.
• West Cliff (西峙壁): Home to numerous caves formed by nature’s forces, including Laojun Cave (老君洞) and Guanyin Mofudou Cave (观音磨豆腐洞), which are steeped in legend.
• Longtan (龙潭): A tranquil pool reflecting the sky, enhancing the beauty of the natural bridge.
• Shuanglong Haitang (双龙海塘): Located at the bridge’s end, offering opportunities for boating and experiencing the serene beauty of nature.

The famous couplet left by ancient travelers reads: “A hundred-foot flying rainbow suddenly appears; two peaks face each other without a suspension. Structures built by nature, the mouth of heaven pours forth giant rivers” (百丈飞虹势突然，两峰相望不相悬，庐从天地成建构，窍入乾坤泻巨川).

Stone Carving Culture

Tianshengqiao also preserves a rich collection of stone carvings, showcasing various calligraphy styles. The area boasts a thriving ecosystem, home to many rare animals and hundreds of medicinal herbs.

Midu County’s terrain features high peaks in the northwest and lower elevations in the southeast. The highest point is Jiuding Mountain (九顶山), standing at 3119.1 meters, while the lowest is Niujie Kanglang Daxintian (牛街康郎大新田) at 1242 meters. The region is characterized by a series of mountains, including Jiuding Mountain, Laojian Mountain (老尖山), and the Animaqing Mountains (阿尼山), creating a stunning landscape.

How to Get There

To visit Tianshengqiao Natural Bridge, take a bus or drive from Dali City (大理市) to Midu County. The trip takes approximately 1 to 1.5 hours. Once you arrive in Midu, follow signs to the scenic area.

Travel Tips

1. Best Time to Visit: Spring and autumn offer the most pleasant weather and beautiful scenery.
2. Local Cuisine: Try local delicacies in Midu, such as various mushroom dishes and Yunnan rice noodles.
3. Photography: Bring your camera to capture the breathtaking views and unique rock formations.
4. Respect Local Customs: Engage respectfully with local traditions and customs.
5. Plan Ahead: Check the weather and any travel advisories before your visit to ensure a smooth experience.

Tianshengqiao Natural Bridge is not just a geological marvel but also a site rich in culture and history, making it an essential destination for those exploring the wonders of Yunnan Province.

Overview

Wenbi Pagoda (文笔塔), also known as Huilong Pagoda (回龙塔), is situated atop Huilong Mountain (回龙山) in Midu County (弥渡县), Yunnan Province (云南省). Constructed during the Ming Dynasty (明朝) under the reign of Emperor Wanli (万历), it boasts over 400 years of history, dating back to between 1573 and 1620.

Architectural Structure

The pagoda stands approximately 16 meters tall and is designed as a solid brick hexagonal tower with a hipped roof. It features ten tiers, each adorned with decorative blue bricks protruding in a tooth-like pattern, giving it a sturdy and rustic appearance. The body of the tower is finished with white lime plaster, earning it the nickname “White Tower” (白塔) as noted in the Wanli edition of the Zhao Prefecture Gazetteer (《赵州志》).

Historical Records

On August 19, 1639, during the twelfth year of the Chongzhen reign (崇祯), the famous traveler Xu Xiake (徐霞客) set out from Menghua (蒙化, present-day Weishan) and entered Midu via Longqing Pass (隆庆关). In his travel journal, he noted: “I bought rice in the city, exited through the north gate, turned east along the wall for about a mile, where a peak curves from the southeast to the north, with a small pagoda atop it.”

Legends and Stories

During the Wanli period, local gentry observed that Huilong Mountain, towering to the east, harmonized with the southern flow of the river while the county’s geography sloped from north to south. They believed that “Midu is like a boat; building a tower would enhance its shape and strength,” aiming to promote cultural prosperity and seek divine assistance for success in examinations. They wished to merge their devotion to Buddhism with aspirations for secular honors.

Geomancers predicted that Midu would gather vitality and talent, and indeed, Wenbi Pagoda stands like a towering pen, inspiring cultural growth and fostering educational development. From the Ming to the Qing dynasties, Midu experienced a flourishing literary atmosphere, producing numerous talented individuals, highlighting the coexistence of cultural richness and local governance.

Address

Huilong Mountain, Midu County, Dali Prefecture, Yunnan Province (云南省大理州弥渡县回龙山)

How to Get There

To reach Wenbi Pagoda, visitors can take a bus or drive from Dali City (大理市) to Midu County. The journey takes approximately 1 to 1.5 hours. Follow signs toward Huilong Mountain, and once in the area, look for the pagoda atop the mountain.

Travel Tips

1. Best Time to Visit: Spring and autumn are ideal for comfortable weather and clear views.
2. Local Cuisine: Sample local dishes in Midu, such as Yunnan rice noodles and various mushroom dishes.
3. Photography: Bring a camera to capture the stunning landscape and architectural details of the pagoda.
4. Respect Local Customs: Engage respectfully with the local community and cultural practices.
5. Plan Ahead: Check the local weather and travel advisories before visiting to ensure a smooth experience.

Wenbi Pagoda is not just a historical site but a testament to the cultural heritage of Midu County, making it a significant destination for visitors interested in history and architecture.

Introduction to Micheng Mosque

Overview

Suoshuige Pavilion (天桥营锁水阁) is located about 3 kilometers east of Mizhicheng (弥城) in Taihua Township (太花乡), nestled in Tianqiaoying Village (天桥营村). Facing east and bordered by the Shuanglong Haitang (双龙海塘) to the north, it is adjacent to the Tianxing Bridge Cultural Relics Scenic Area (天生桥文物景区). This picturesque site boasts stunning views and a tranquil environment. In 1992, it was recognized by the Midu County People’s Government (弥渡县人民政府) as a third batch of county-level cultural relic protection units.

Historical Significance

Suoshuige Pavilion was constructed in the 23rd year of the Guangxu reign (光绪二十三年, 1897 AD) through community funding. The architectural complex consists of the Suoshuige Pavilion, north and south wings, and a screen wall. The pavilion is built in a double-eave, hip-roof style, covering an area of 329.3 square meters. Inside the courtyard, notable trees include a crape myrtle (紫薇), a cypress (柏树), and a centuries-old pine (古松) with a trunk circumference of 2 meters and a height of over 10 meters, making it one of the rare ancient trees in the Midu Basin.

Cultural Context

This ancient structure is conveniently located along the main road leading to the Tianxing Bridge Cultural Relics Scenic Area, making it an ideal and serene stop for visitors. With over a century of history, the pavilion has undergone numerous renovations. In the early 1980s, it served as a village school, and between 1994 and 1995, community funding enabled protective renovations, including the use of blue bricks for the pavilion’s walls. The original architectural layout has been well-preserved to this day.

Address

Yunnan Province, Dali Prefecture, Midu County, Midu Town (云南省大理州弥渡县弥渡镇)

How to Get There

To reach Suoshuige Pavilion, visitors can take a bus or drive from Dali City (大理市) to Midu County. The journey typically takes about 1 to 1.5 hours. Follow signs toward Taihua Township, and once in the area, look for Tianqiaoying Village.

Travel Tips

1. Best Time to Visit: Spring and autumn offer the most pleasant weather for exploring.
2. Local Cuisine: Don’t miss trying local specialties in Midu County, such as grilled fish and Yunnan rice noodles.
3. Photography: Bring a camera to capture the scenic beauty of the pavilion and surrounding landscapes.
4. Respect Local Customs: Engage respectfully with local traditions and heritage.
5. Plan Ahead: Ensure to check local weather conditions and any travel advisories before your trip.

Suoshuige Pavilion is not just a cultural relic but a serene getaway that reflects the rich history and natural beauty of the region, making it a must-visit for anyone exploring Dali.

Mizhi Old Town (密祉镇) is located in the southwest of Midu County, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province (云南省大理白族自治州弥渡县). It borders Juali Town (苴力镇) to the east, Nanjian Yi Autonomous County (南涧彝族自治县) to the south, Weishan Yi and Hui Autonomous County (巍山彝族回族自治县) to the west, and Yinjie Town (寅街镇) to the north, approximately 30 kilometers from the county seat of Midu. The total area of the region is 132.05 square kilometers, and by the end of 2019, Mizhi had a registered population of 16,473.

Historical Background

The history of Mizhi dates back to the Western Han Dynasty (西汉), specifically in the second year of the Yuanfeng era (前109年) when Emperor Wu of Han (汉武帝) dealt with the southwestern tribes, leading to a migration of Han Chinese settlers to the area. In 2014, Mizhi Township (密祉乡) was officially upgraded to Mizhi Town. As of June 2020, Mizhi Town governs six administrative villages, and the town government is located at No. 5 Dasi Street (大寺街).

By the end of 2019, Mizhi had three industrial enterprises and eight comprehensive stores or supermarkets with an area exceeding 50 square meters. Mizhi is renowned for its title “Three Towns, Two Regions, and One Ancient Path” (三乡两区一古道), which refers to its cultural significance as the hometown of Chinese lanterns, the cultural hub, and the birthplace of the famous song “Little River Flows” (《小河淌水》). The two regions are the Taijishan Provincial Scenic Area (太极山省级风景名胜区) and the Mizhi Revolutionary Old Area (密祉省级革命老区). The ancient path refers to the Wensheng Street Tea Horse Ancient Road (文盛街茶马古驿道).

In September 2021, the “Little River Flows·Mizhi Scenic Area” (小河淌水·密祉景区) was successfully established as the first national 3A-level tourist attraction in Midu County.

Mizhi Scenic Spot Guide

1. Mizhi Grand Temple (密祉大寺)

Mizhi Grand Temple is the oldest and largest ancient temple in the Mizhi area. Inside, you can find sacred halls and the Jade Emperor Pavilion (玉皇阁), from which visitors can enjoy panoramic views of the entire Mizhi region. This spot is characterized by the poetic sentiment: “端居碧罗千寻高也明也不可阶而升也，捧出红云一朵成乎焕乎其如视诸斯乎”.

2. Lantern Square (花灯广场)

Mizhi is a recognized source of national intangible cultural heritage, specifically for its lantern folk songs. As one of the renowned “Hometowns of Lantern Art in China,” it hosts the largest existing ecological lantern festival. The Mizhi Lantern Festival (密祉元宵灯会) has been listed as a representative item of the fifth batch of provincial-level intangible cultural heritage in Yunnan.

With continuously improving infrastructure, the unique architecture of Lantern Square shines brilliantly at night.

3. Republic of China Fifth District Office (民国第五区区公所)

This site was the former office of the National Government, established in the 20th year of the Republic of China (1931). It features a three-room, one-screen wall layout typical of civil engineering structures.

4. Wensheng Street (文盛街)

Wensheng Street is the core area of the Little River Flows Mizhi Scenic Area and an essential station on the ancient “Silk Road.” This ancient tea horse road is a national cultural heritage site, with Wensheng Street Village recognized as a historical and cultural village in China.

5. Kuixing Pavilion (魁星阁)

The statue of Kuixing (魁星) inside the pavilion stands proudly, symbolizing the assessment and support of scholars. The phrase “独占鳌头” (to take the lead) originates from this imagery, reflecting the historical richness of Mizhi, especially during the Ming and Qing dynasties.

6. Wenchang Palace Confucian Academy (文昌宫国学馆)

Designed and built by local carpenter Liu Jing’an (刘京安), Wenchang Palace serves as an important venue for traditional cultural activities, including the worship of Confucius and the promotion of patriotic education.

7. Horse Shops (马店)

These shops catered to the horse caravans that traveled along the ancient tea horse road, especially during the Ming and Qing dynasties. The famous Mizhi night market was bustling with activity, featuring local merchants selling rice, fodder, and textiles.

8. Horse Caravan Culture Exhibition Hall (马帮文化陈列馆)

This hall showcases artifacts related to horse caravan culture, including lamps, saddles, and farming tools, alongside videos that depict the former prosperity of the Wensheng Street ancient road.

9. Yinyi Gong’s Former Residence (尹宜公故居)

Renowned for arranging the lyrics of the famous folk song “Little River Flows” (《小河淌水》), Yinyi Gong (尹宜公) was born here. The residence features a multi-dimensional display system detailing his life and the song’s significance.

10. Ancient Opera Stage (古戏台)

Local artists perform various folk plays here, with nearly a hundred traditional operas still being staged, reflecting the local culture and traditions.

11. Folk Song Cultural Park (民歌文化园)

This park aims to promote the rich folk song culture of Mizhi, showcasing the traditional music and enhancing the local tourism industry.

12. Phoenix Bridge (凤凰桥)

One of the most famous ancient bridges on the old post road, Phoenix Bridge has stood for nearly a millennium and was listed as a national key cultural relic protection unit in 2013.

13. Pearl Spring (珍珠泉)

This ancient well dates back to the mid-Qing Dynasty (清代中叶) and features sweet, clear water that flows throughout the year, making it a beloved spot for locals.

14. Anlewo Camping Base (安乐窝露营基地)

This campsite integrates lantern culture, Mizhi cuisine, and recreational activities, providing a unique outdoor experience.

15. Osmanthus Forest (桂花箐)

Home to a 1,800-year-old osmanthus tree, this area is celebrated for its natural beauty and sweet, fragrant blossoms.

16. Taiji Peak (太极顶)

Located at the junction of Cangshan Mountain (苍山) and Ailao Mountain (哀牢山), this state-level nature reserve is known as a “Plant Kingdom” and a “Natural Oxygen Bar.”

Culinary Journey—Mizhi Food Guide

When in Mizhi, don’t miss the tofu feast (豆腐宴). Made from the pure spring water of Pearl Spring, this local specialty showcases the versatility of tofu in various culinary styles, sure to delight your taste buds.

Peaceful Retreat—Mizhi Accommodation Guide

After a full day of exploration, find a comfortable boutique homestay to unwind and enjoy the local charm.

Mi Duo Boutique Homestay (蜜多精品美宿)

Located next to Lantern Square, this high-end homestay features traditional architecture and is designed with elements of the five Chinese elements.

Gu Yi Xian Ju (古驿闲居)

This guesthouse offers a rustic atmosphere with traditional wooden architecture, serving delicious local dishes.

Efficient Travel—Mizhi Transportation Guide

1. By Car:
   • From Dali (大理) to Mizhi, take the Hangrui Expressway (杭瑞高速) and then follow local roads. The journey takes about 1 hour and 40 minutes.
2. By Bus:
   • Route A: Take a bus from Dali Passenger Transport Station to Midu (弥渡) and transfer to a local bus to Mizhi. Total travel time is about 2.5 hours.
   • Route B: Take a high-speed train to Xiangyun (祥云) and then transfer to a bus to Mizhi.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Spring and autumn are ideal for enjoying pleasant weather and local festivals.
• Cultural Etiquette: Respect local customs, especially in religious sites.
• Local Specialties: Try the local tofu dishes and explore the vibrant night market for street food.

How to Get There

To reach Mizhi from major cities like Dali, driving or taking a bus is the most convenient option. Ensure to check bus schedules in advance as they may vary.

With its rich culture, stunning landscapes, and delicious food, Mizhi Old Town offers a memorable experience for every traveler.

Day Trip to Mizhizhen: A Mountain Town

? Overview
Mizhizhen is a quiet little town located in the mountains and is one of the filming locations for Liu Yifei’s drama “A Place with Wind.” From Midu County, it’s a 30-kilometer drive to Mizhida Temple, which includes a short stretch of winding mountain road.

? Mizhida Temple
According to the historical records of Midu County, Mizhida Temple was built in the early years of the Qing Dynasty in 1736. The front courtyard features a Hall of Guansheng, dedicated to Guan Yu. After ascending a few steps, you reach the back courtyard, where the main building, Yuhuang Pavilion, is located. The pavilion is inscribed with the words “Ziwei Wujii” (紫薇无极). Though the temple is not large, it exudes a serene atmosphere, with the air filled with the scent of incense.

? Local Experience
In the courtyard, you can see elderly people drying their daily food, and there is no commercial vibe here. Just one elderly person is seen preparing meals, allowing one’s heart to quietly settle down.

? Accommodation
A short distance away is a guesthouse. In the middle of the courtyard, there is a shallow water surface reflecting the natural scenery—an absolutely stunning design where each angle offers a different beautiful view.

? Tea Room
The first floor of the main building features a tea room that is tranquil and elegant.

? Wensheng Street Ancient Village
After a 10-minute walk, you’ll arrive at Wensheng Street Ancient Village, adorned with lanterns hanging in the air. This street historically served as a stop on the ancient South Road, and it retains a well-preserved ancient village style, featuring stone paths and two-story wooden houses, with corn drying everywhere under the bright blue sky. The commercial-free atmosphere makes the ancient town feel like a picturesque painting.

? Village Entrance
At the end of the street, you’ll find the village entrance, which is also a filming location for “A Place with Wind,” marked by a small grocery store. Continuing further leads to a small park by a flowing creek. Passing through a small archway, you will arrive at the Pearl Spring. This spring, excavated in the Qing Dynasty, is one of the most historically significant wells. Its water is crystal clear year-round, gushing day and night, never drying up in droughts and always flowing, with bubbles at the bottom resembling shimmering pearls, thus earning its name, Pearl Spring.

Chinese Version:
https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzI5MjEwNzkwNA==&mid=2247522140&idx=1&sn=21ed05075f8449dfb6bd1cc90bf723b9&chksm=ed1b4eeb8241f8348e73f10cc009b03679e1a7a0d01d7cbd25d840daae1622b54a73cfba8a76&scene=27

Location:

Overview

Huayudong (花鱼洞, Huā Yú Dòng) is located approximately 9 kilometers northeast of Deju Township (德苴乡, Dé Jū Xiāng) in Midu County (弥渡县, Mí Dù Xiàn), Dali (大理, Dàlǐ), nestled within a picturesque canyon. The area is characterized by blooming wildflowers, tranquil surroundings, and melodious bird songs, creating a feeling of paradise. The name “Huayudong” derives from the colorful fish (花鱼, Huā Yú) found in its pools.

Geographic Features

• Location: About 9 kilometers northeast of Deju Township, within a deep gorge.
• Natural Formations: The site features two naturally formed caves known as “male” and “female” dragon pools, with fresh spring water flowing from them. The female dragon pool is home to the colorful fish, which have red, yellow, and green patterns.

Cultural Significance

Huayudong is steeped in local legends. According to folklore, where there is water, there are dragons, and these caves are often referred to as “Dragon Pools” (龙潭, Lóng Tán). The dragon is revered in Chinese culture, symbolizing power and auspiciousness, and locals celebrate this connection with annual dragon worship activities. Over time, this has evolved into the Huayudong Tourism Culture Festival (花鱼洞旅游文化节, Huā Yú Dòng Lǚyóu Wénhuà Jié).

Attractions and Features

Male and Female Dragon Pools

• Male Dragon Pool (公龙潭, Gōng Lóng Tán): Features clear drinking water, perfect for visitors.
• Female Dragon Pool (母龙潭, Mǔ Lóng Tán): Has murky water primarily used for irrigation.

Surrounded by lush greenery and vibrant birdlife, the pools offer breathtaking views and the unique spectacle of the colorful fish.

Huayudong Travelogue

Upon arriving at the Huayudong Tourism Culture Festival, I was greeted by the joyful atmosphere and lively performances. The water-splashing ceremony commenced, with colorful fountains adding a festive flair. Despite the potential for getting soaked, the joyful ambiance made the experience delightful.

The festival features cultural performances, including traditional mountain songs, which highlight local customs. I was particularly moved by an elder, a seasoned performer of these songs, who has dedicated his life to this art. The richness of the local culture was evident throughout the festival, reflecting the community’s spirit.

As I explored the food street, the aromas of local delicacies filled the air, showcasing the transformation of rural life. Visitors came for relaxation and to savor farm-fresh meals, ensuring a fulfilling and healthy holiday experience.

Exploration of the Caves

Accompanied by friends, we hiked the steep slopes to explore the male dragon pool. The rocky terrain, though challenging, led us to the hidden caves. Inside, we encountered natural formations that sparkled in the light, with various chambers filled with intriguing stone structures like stone temples and tables.

After the water-splashing event concluded, we finally explored the mystical Huayudong. The entrance to the cave was narrow, allowing only one boat to pass at a time, leading us into the depths where colorful lights illuminated the interior. Bats rested on the high ceilings, contributing to the cave’s mysterious ambiance.

How to Get There

• By Car: Drive from Dali City (大理市, Dàlǐ Shì) to Midu County, following local signage to Deju Township. The drive takes approximately an hour.
• Public Transport: Take a bus from Dali to Midu County, with connections to Deju Township.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: Spring and autumn are ideal due to mild weather and beautiful scenery.
• What to Bring: Pack water, snacks, sun protection, and a camera to capture the stunning views.
• Respect Local Culture: Participate respectfully in cultural activities and adhere to local customs during your visit.

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Summary of Attractions and Names

• Huayudong (花鱼洞, Huā Yú Dòng)
• Deju Township (德苴乡, Dé Jū Xiāng)
• Midu County (弥渡县, Mí Dù Xiàn)
• Male Dragon Pool (公龙潭, Gōng Lóng Tán)
• Female Dragon Pool (母龙潭, Mǔ Lóng Tán)
• Huayudong Tourism Culture Festival (花鱼洞旅游文化节, Huā Yú Dòng Lǚyóu Wénhuà Jié)

Overview

The Ruins of Baiya City (白崖城遗址, Bái Yá Chéng Yízhǐ), also known as Caiyun City (彩云城, Cǎi Yún Chéng) or Wen’an Cave City (文案洞城, Wén’àn Dòng Chéng), is a historical site located in Midu County, Dali (大理, Dàlǐ). Commonly referred to as Hongyan Ancient City (红岩古城, Hóng Yán Gǔ Chéng), it was designated as a key cultural relic protection unit by the Revolutionary Committee of Midu County in 1979.

Historical Significance

• First-Level Cultural Relic Protection: In 1988, it was recognized as one of the first state-level cultural relics by the Dali Prefecture People’s Government. By 2004, it became part of Yunnan’s sixth batch of cultural relic protection units.
• Geographical Location: The site is located approximately 2 kilometers northwest of Hongyan Town, near the ancient village of Gucheng (古城村, Gǔ Chéng Cūn), on the northern side of the ancient road and at the southern tip of Dingxi Ridge (定西岭, Dìng Xī Lǐng). It is said to have been built by Longyouna (龙佑那, Lóng Yòu Nà) in the 3rd century AD and served as the gateway to the core area of the Nanzhao (南诏, Nán Zhāo) Kingdom, particularly around Erhai Lake (洱海, Ěrhǎi).

The Historical Evolution

1. Early History: Baiya City was crucial for the Nanzhao Kingdom in consolidating power, acting as a defensive stronghold against external threats, particularly during the Tang Dynasty (唐朝, Táng Cháo).
2. Key Events:
   • In 751 AD, the Tang general Xianyu Zhongtong (鲜于仲通, Xiān Yú Zhòng Tōng) attempted to invade Nanzhao but was repelled at Baiya City.
   • The city underwent renovations under the leadership of Geluofeng (阁罗凤, Gé Luó Fèng) to strengthen defenses against the Tang Dynasty.

Cultural Context

The historical records surrounding Baiya City are scarce and confusing, leading some experts to question the actual existence of the Baizi Kingdom (白子国, Bái Zǐ Guó). However, the prevailing view is that it was indeed a significant entity, known by various names in ancient texts, including Baiya Kingdom (白崖国, Bái Yá Guó), Kunmi Kingdom (昆弥国, Kūn Mí Guó), and Jianning Kingdom (建宁国, Jiàn Níng Guó).

Archaeological Findings

• Site Layout: The archaeological investigations in 2017 by the Yunnan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology revealed that the ruins extend eastward from the southern side of the ancient village, confirming that the site dates back to the early Nanzhao period.
• Topography: The remnants of the city appear roughly in the shape of a gourd and cover an area of about 41,000 square meters, with a perimeter of approximately 1,070 meters.

Key Features

• Ancient Structures: The walls are notably well-preserved on the northern and western sides, while the eastern and southern walls have been mostly leveled.
• Water Bodies: Nearby, there are two ponds known as “Ancient City Upper Sea” (古城上海, Gǔ Chéng Shàng Hǎi) and “Ancient City Lower Sea” (古城下海, Gǔ Chéng Xià Hǎi), originally part of the city’s moat.

Baiya New City (白崖新城, Bái Yá Xīn Chéng)

Located south of the old city, Baiya New City was constructed during the reign of Geluofeng and exhibits a more level terrain compared to the ruins of the old city. The site measures approximately 104,500 square meters and features well-defined walls.

Important Sites Nearby

Nanzhao Iron Pillar Temple (南诏铁柱庙, Nán Zhāo Tiě Zhù Miào)

Located about ten kilometers from Baiya City, this temple is a significant cultural relic, designated as a key national cultural protection unit. The temple houses a prominent iron pillar erected during the Nanzhao period, symbolizing the kingdom’s power and political identity.

How to Get There

• By Car: The site is easily accessible by car, located about 60 kilometers from Dali City (大理市, Dàlǐ Shì). Follow local signs to Midu County and then to Hongyan Town.
• Public Transport: Local buses frequently run between Dali and Midu County, offering a budget-friendly option.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: The ideal time to visit is during the spring and autumn months, when the weather is mild and conducive for exploration.
• Bring Essentials: Ensure to bring water, snacks, and sun protection, as the site may have limited facilities.
• Respect the Site: As a cultural heritage site, visitors are encouraged to respect the surroundings and follow local regulations.

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Summary of Attractions and Names

• Baiya City (白崖城, Bái Yá Chéng)
• Caiyun City (彩云城, Cǎi Yún Chéng)
• Wen’an Cave City (文案洞城, Wén’àn Dòng Chéng)
• Hongyan Ancient City (红岩古城, Hóng Yán Gǔ Chéng)
• Nanzhao Kingdom (南诏, Nán Zhāo)
• Erhai Lake (洱海, Ěrhǎi)
• Longyouna (龙佑那, Lóng Yòu Nà)
• Xianyu Zhongtong (鲜于仲通, Xiān Yú Zhòng Tōng)
• Geluofeng (阁罗凤, Gé Luó Fèng)
• Baizi Kingdom (白子国, Bái Zǐ Guó)
• Nanzhao Iron Pillar Temple (南诏铁柱庙, Nán Zhāo Tiě Zhù Miào)

This comprehensive overview provides insights into the historical, cultural, and archaeological significance of the Ruins of Baiya City and the surrounding areas.
Travel Blog about Ruins of Baiya City in Midu County of Dali
Discover the Ruins of Baiya City and Gunv Temple in Midu County of Dali

Overview

Wenshengjie Village (文盛街村), a natural village, is located in Mizhi Town (密祉镇), Midu County (弥渡县), approximately 1 kilometer from the Yonghe Village Committee (永和村委会) and the town center. Covering an area of 4.26 square kilometers at an elevation of 2,105 meters, the village enjoys an average annual temperature of 17.20°C and receives about 650 mm of precipitation yearly, making it suitable for growing crops like grains. The village has a total of 548 acres of arable land, averaging 0.42 acres per person.

Midu County is celebrated for its “Three Towns, Two Districts, and One Ancient Road,” encompassing the hometown of the “Chinese Lanterns,” a rich cultural heritage, and the famous song “The Little River Flows” (《小河淌水》). The area includes a provincial revolutionary old district and the Wenshengjie Ancient Tea Horse Road (茶马古道), which was designated as a National Key Cultural Heritage Site in March 2013. The village was also listed among the second batch of Traditional Chinese Villages and recognized as a Historical and Cultural Village in China.

Historical Significance

During the Tang and Song Dynasties, Wenshengjie was a crucial stop on the Tea Horse Road, with the path traversing the village and featuring a tea-horse station. This ancient road retains much of its historical character, with signs of trade flourishing since the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The village became a significant commercial hub due to its strategic location linking southwest Yunnan. Important historical sites, such as Mizhi Temple (密祉大寺), Kuixing Pavilion (魁星阁), Tuchu Temple (土主庙), Wenchang Palace (文昌宫), and the former residence of Yin Yigong (尹宜公) narrate the village’s rich history.

Architectural Features

The ancient road winds along the hills, influencing the village’s layout. Homes are designed with traditional features like “three halls and one wall,” “courtyards,” and “one-cornered yards.” The ancient stone paths are interspersed throughout the village, highlighted by the distinctive hitching stones that extend from Wenming Pavilion (文明阁) in the north to Phoenix Bridge (凤凰桥) in the south.

Mizhi Temple (密祉大寺)

Located opposite Lantern Square, Mizhi Temple was recognized as a County Cultural Heritage Site in 1992. The temple, grand and solemn, features the Guan Sheng Hall in front and the Jade Emperor Pavilion at the back. Built in the early Qing Dynasty, it has served as a center for education and culture.

Kuixing Pavilion (魁星阁)

Kuixing Pavilion stands at the northern exit of the village, with its entrance adorned with the name plaque “Kuixing Pavilion.” The building features a mud sculpture of the Kuixing deity, known in Chinese culture as the god of exams, signifying scholarly success.

Tuchu Temple (土主庙)

This temple is known for its simple yet elegant entrance and beautiful surroundings. It houses various mud sculptures of Buddhist figures, including the local guardian deity, and historically served as a place for education.

Wenchang Palace (文宫)

Designed by a master carpenter, this traditional courtyard features intricate carvings depicting historical stories. It honors Confucius and showcases detailed craftsmanship.

Historical Stables

Several notable stables, like Nie’s Stable (聂家马店) and Yang’s Osmanthus Shop (杨家桂花店), provided resting places for travelers along the Tea Horse Road, showcasing the importance of trade and transportation.

Ancient Theatre (古戏台)

This two-tier wooden structure served as a cultural hub for theatrical performances and community gatherings.

Shi’s Courtyard (石家耕读大院)

Reflecting the scholarly tradition of the Shi family, this courtyard emphasizes education and has produced numerous scholars over centuries.

Yin Yigong’s Former Residence (尹宜公故居)

This residence honors Yin Yigong (尹宜公), a prominent figure in collecting and organizing the song “The Little River Flows,” connecting the village’s musical heritage.

Scenic Attractions

Pearl Spring (珍珠泉)

Famed for its clear, refreshing water and natural beauty, this spring is located at the southern edge of the village and supports the local food quality.

Phoenix Bridge (凤凰桥)

A renowned ancient bridge rebuilt in 1862, characterized by its exquisite stone craftsmanship.

Wenming Pavilion (文明阁)

Originally called “Caishen Pavilion,” it serves as a historic landmark along the ancient road.

How to Get There

Wenshengjie Village can be reached by traveling from Dali City (大理市) via public bus or private vehicle. The nearest major road is accessible, and local transportation options include taxis or shuttle services from nearby towns.

Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: The ideal months are spring and autumn when the weather is mild and the scenery is picturesque.
• Local Cuisine: Don’t miss out on tasting traditional Yunnan dishes, especially those made with locally sourced ingredients.
• Cultural Etiquette: Respect local customs, especially when visiting religious sites. Always ask for permission before taking photographs of people or sacred places.
• Stay Connected: Mobile networks are generally reliable, but it’s wise to download maps offline, as some areas may have limited connectivity.

Plan your Dali Ethnic Villages Tour to Dali? Visit Duohu Village in Midu County, Dali which is one of the most fascinating ethnic villages in Dali. Explore the local folk ethnic culture including History, Food and Dining, Clothing, Customs and Traditions, Architecture, Festivals, Crafts, Religion, Language of local ethnic people in Duohu Village in Midu County, Dali.

Chinese Name: 弥渡县多祜村
English Name: Duohu Village in Midu County, Dali
Location:

弥渡朵祜彝族村，距镇政府所在地20公里，到镇道路为柏油路，交通方便，距县城30多公里。东邻勤劳，南邻瓦哲，西邻巍山，北邻高坪。辖园林大村、小村、等9村民小组。现有农户 564户。 　　全村国土面积34.50平方公里，海拔 2200.00 米，年平均气温 15.00℃，年降水量 384.40毫米，适合种植核桃、花椒等。全村耕地面积,2172.00亩，人均耕地1.03亩，林地,30828.00亩。2012年全村经济总收654.00万元，农民人均纯收入1821元。该村属于绝对贫困村，农民收入主要以 种植业为主。

近年来，随着对传统文化的收集、整理、宣传不断加强，中央电视台、云南电视台等对多祜的传统文化给予关注并制作成节目进行播出，《人民日报(海外版)》、《云南日报》等众多报刊也对多祜的传统文化、传承人等进行宣传报道。2005年，多祜被命名为“大理州民族传统文化保护区”。

多祜村历史悠久。多祜村的毕摩(彝族传统文化的继承者和传播者)口头传诵的英雄史诗《黑七腊白》和许多传说故事表明，南诏第一代国王细奴罗曾在多祜游牧，多祜彝族是南诏王室的后裔。从发掘的火葬墓群看出土，早在一千多年前，多祜的农耕生产已达到相当的发达程度。明代朝廷曾在多祜开办过银厂，至今还存有遗址。据村里老人讲，多祜的村子形成于明朝洪武年间。

多祜村的公共建筑及风景名胜有：火葬墓群、清代砖瓦窑遗址、土祖庙、云山公园、睡美人山。多祜服饰和刺绣别具一格。多祜彝族未婚女子头戴鱼尾帽，帽尾系珠串，已婚妇女头戴黑布包头，戴银首饰；衣裤选用绿色布料，袖口镶宽花边，衣罩图案花边领褂；身背圆毡裹背，裹背正中绣黑蜘蛛一对；穿绣花鞋。九十年代初，多祜彝族服饰曾送北京、昆明展览，并载入《中国彝族服饰》。

多祜彝族图腾崇拜主要有：“虎”图腾崇拜、“鹰” 图腾崇拜、“龙”图腾崇拜、祖先崇拜。

2013 年，经多方努力，争取到省民委项目投资825.3万元，实施寅街镇朵祜村“3121工程”示范村建设，建起了民族文化活动场所，民族团结示范村建设不断纵深推进。

多祜得益于得天独厚的自然环境，孕育了上百种珍稀药材。在长期的生活实践中，当地群众整理和总结出一套民间丰富的医药知识及治疗经验，特别是以“接骨神医”——李桐为代表的骨科更是出类拔萃。

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